Q.1 What is the primary function of the judiciary in a country?
Make laws
Enforce laws
Interpret and apply laws
Collect taxes
Explanation - The judiciary interprets and applies the law to resolve disputes and ensure justice is done.
Correct answer is: Interpret and apply laws
Q.2 Which of the following is the highest court in India?
High Court
District Court
Supreme Court
Tribunal
Explanation - The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country.
Correct answer is: Supreme Court
Q.3 What is the term used for the legal process by which a higher court reviews a lower court's decision?
Trial
Appeal
Hearing
Arbitration
Explanation - An appeal is a request made to a higher court to review and change the decision of a lower court.
Correct answer is: Appeal
Q.4 Who presides over a District Court in India?
Chief Justice
District Judge
Magistrate
Attorney General
Explanation - A District Judge is the head of a District Court, responsible for judicial functions within the district.
Correct answer is: District Judge
Q.5 Which principle ensures that courts are independent from the legislature and executive?
Separation of Powers
Judicial Review
Rule of Law
Legal Precedent
Explanation - Separation of powers ensures that the judiciary operates independently from legislative and executive branches.
Correct answer is: Separation of Powers
Q.6 What is the term for a written decision of a court that sets a standard for future cases?
Statute
Precedent
Ordinance
Judgment
Explanation - A precedent is a legal decision that serves as an example or guide for future cases.
Correct answer is: Precedent
Q.7 Which court primarily handles civil disputes in India?
Criminal Court
Civil Court
Supreme Court
Magistrate Court
Explanation - Civil courts deal with non-criminal disputes, such as property, contracts, and family matters.
Correct answer is: Civil Court
Q.8 What is 'judicial review'?
Court making new laws
Court reviewing laws for constitutionality
Court enforcing laws
Court collecting evidence
Explanation - Judicial review is the power of courts to examine laws and executive actions to ensure they comply with the Constitution.
Correct answer is: Court reviewing laws for constitutionality
Q.9 Who is the head of the Supreme Court of India?
President of India
Attorney General
Chief Justice of India
Prime Minister
Explanation - The Chief Justice of India is the presiding head of the Supreme Court.
Correct answer is: Chief Justice of India
Q.10 What type of jurisdiction allows a court to hear a case first before any other court?
Appellate Jurisdiction
Original Jurisdiction
Supervisory Jurisdiction
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Explanation - Original jurisdiction refers to the power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court.
Correct answer is: Original Jurisdiction
Q.11 Which body appoints judges to the High Court and Supreme Court in India?
Parliament
President of India
Prime Minister
Law Ministry
Explanation - Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the President of India, often in consultation with senior judges.
Correct answer is: President of India
Q.12 What is the main difference between civil and criminal courts?
Civil courts handle crimes; criminal courts handle disputes
Civil courts enforce laws; criminal courts make laws
Civil courts handle disputes between individuals; criminal courts handle offenses against the state
Civil courts handle appeals; criminal courts handle original cases
Explanation - Civil courts deal with disputes between individuals or organizations, while criminal courts deal with acts considered offenses against society or the state.
Correct answer is: Civil courts handle disputes between individuals; criminal courts handle offenses against the state
Q.13 Which of the following is NOT a function of the judiciary?
Settling disputes
Interpreting laws
Making laws
Protecting fundamental rights
Explanation - The judiciary does not make laws; that is the role of the legislature.
Correct answer is: Making laws
Q.14 What is the term for the statement by a judge explaining the reason for a court's decision?
Verdict
Ruling
Judgment
Plea
Explanation - A judgment is the detailed explanation by a judge on how the decision in a case was reached.
Correct answer is: Judgment
Q.15 Which court has both original and appellate jurisdiction in India?
Supreme Court
District Court
Civil Court
Magistrate Court
Explanation - The Supreme Court of India can hear cases first (original jurisdiction) and also hear appeals from lower courts (appellate jurisdiction).
Correct answer is: Supreme Court
Q.16 What is the main purpose of procedural law?
Defines rights and duties
Regulates the process of enforcing rights
Punishes offenders
Amends the Constitution
Explanation - Procedural law provides the rules and methods for enforcing rights and obligations under substantive law.
Correct answer is: Regulates the process of enforcing rights
Q.17 Which of the following is an example of a subordinate court?
Supreme Court
High Court
District Court
Constitutional Bench
Explanation - District Courts are subordinate to High Courts and the Supreme Court in the judicial hierarchy.
Correct answer is: District Court
Q.18 What is the role of a magistrate in India?
Drafting laws
Presiding over minor criminal cases and civil matters
Appointing judges
Executing government policies
Explanation - Magistrates handle minor criminal offenses and civil disputes at the local level.
Correct answer is: Presiding over minor criminal cases and civil matters
Q.19 What is 'substantive law'?
Law defining rights and duties
Law defining court procedures
Law defining appeal process
Law defining punishment only
Explanation - Substantive law defines the actual rights, duties, and liabilities of individuals and organizations.
Correct answer is: Law defining rights and duties
Q.20 Which type of court decides disputes between states in India?
High Court
Supreme Court
District Court
Tribunal
Explanation - The Supreme Court has the authority to resolve disputes between different states under the Constitution of India.
Correct answer is: Supreme Court
Q.21 Which of the following describes 'appellate jurisdiction'?
The power to hear cases first
The power to review decisions of lower courts
The power to enforce laws
The power to legislate
Explanation - Appellate jurisdiction is the authority of a higher court to review and modify the decision of a lower court.
Correct answer is: The power to review decisions of lower courts
Q.22 Who is responsible for representing the government in the Supreme Court of India?
Chief Justice
Attorney General
Prime Minister
Solicitor General
Explanation - The Attorney General is the chief legal advisor to the government and represents it in the Supreme Court.
Correct answer is: Attorney General
Q.23 Which court handles constitutional matters in India?
District Court
High Court
Supreme Court
Civil Court
Explanation - The Supreme Court has the authority to interpret the Constitution and handle constitutional disputes.
Correct answer is: Supreme Court
Q.24 What is the main purpose of the appellate system in the judiciary?
To punish offenders
To provide a second review of a lower court’s decision
To make laws
To enforce laws
Explanation - The appellate system allows higher courts to review and correct errors made by lower courts, ensuring justice.
Correct answer is: To provide a second review of a lower court’s decision
Q.25 Which of the following courts has the power to strike down laws violating the Constitution?
Civil Court
High Court
Supreme Court
Magistrate Court
Explanation - The Supreme Court, through judicial review, can declare laws unconstitutional if they violate the Constitution.
Correct answer is: Supreme Court