Q.1 What is the primary purpose of international public law?
To regulate private business contracts
To govern relations between sovereign states
To manage local municipal rules
To control corporate mergers
Explanation - International public law primarily governs the conduct and relations of sovereign states and international organizations.
Correct answer is: To govern relations between sovereign states
Q.2 Which organization is considered the main body for maintaining international peace and security?
World Trade Organization
United Nations
International Monetary Fund
International Court of Justice
Explanation - The UN, especially through its Security Council, is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
Correct answer is: United Nations
Q.3 What is the principle of 'sovereign equality' in international law?
All states have equal population
All states have equal wealth
All states have equal rights and obligations
All states share the same military power
Explanation - Sovereign equality means each state has the same legal rights and duties under international law, regardless of size or power.
Correct answer is: All states have equal rights and obligations
Q.4 Which treaty is considered the foundation of modern international law of the sea?
Geneva Convention
Vienna Convention
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Kyoto Protocol
Explanation - UNCLOS governs maritime rights and responsibilities of states and is the basis of the modern law of the sea.
Correct answer is: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Q.5 What is the function of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?
To draft international treaties
To hear disputes between states
To enforce UN resolutions militarily
To manage international trade
Explanation - The ICJ settles legal disputes submitted by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred by UN organs.
Correct answer is: To hear disputes between states
Q.6 Which of the following is a binding source of international law?
Customary international law
Political agreements
Press releases of states
UN General Assembly resolutions
Explanation - Customary international law, along with treaties, is a primary source of binding international law.
Correct answer is: Customary international law
Q.7 The principle of 'non-intervention' in international law means:
States must intervene in all conflicts
States cannot interfere in the internal affairs of other states
States can control the media of other states
States must impose economic sanctions freely
Explanation - Non-intervention prohibits states from interfering in the domestic affairs of other sovereign states.
Correct answer is: States cannot interfere in the internal affairs of other states
Q.8 Which of the following is NOT a principal organ of the United Nations?
General Assembly
Security Council
International Court of Justice
European Union Council
Explanation - The EU Council is not part of the UN; the main UN organs include the General Assembly, Security Council, ICJ, Economic and Social Council, Secretariat, and Trusteeship Council.
Correct answer is: European Union Council
Q.9 Which principle governs state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts?
Principle of autonomy
Principle of state immunity
Principle of state responsibility
Principle of diplomatic immunity
Explanation - States are responsible under international law for wrongful acts that breach their international obligations.
Correct answer is: Principle of state responsibility
Q.10 What is the main objective of the Geneva Conventions?
Regulate international trade
Protect human rights during armed conflicts
Resolve border disputes
Control migration flows
Explanation - The Geneva Conventions establish standards for humanitarian treatment during war, including protection of civilians and prisoners.
Correct answer is: Protect human rights during armed conflicts
Q.11 Which concept allows a state to bring claims against another for violations of international law?
Diplomatic recognition
Treaty negotiation
International jurisdiction
Retaliatory sanctions
Explanation - International jurisdiction gives states the authority to pursue claims for breaches of international law before appropriate legal bodies.
Correct answer is: International jurisdiction
Q.12 The principle of 'pacta sunt servanda' in international law means:
Treaties must be kept
States must avoid war
Diplomats must be immune
Customary law is optional
Explanation - This principle asserts that agreements and treaties are legally binding and must be honored by parties.
Correct answer is: Treaties must be kept
Q.13 Which treaty governs the protection of the ozone layer?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Geneva Convention
Explanation - The Montreal Protocol regulates substances that deplete the ozone layer and is a key environmental treaty.
Correct answer is: Montreal Protocol
Q.14 Which body primarily deals with international trade disputes?
International Criminal Court
World Trade Organization
International Court of Justice
UN Security Council
Explanation - The WTO's Dispute Settlement Body resolves trade disputes between member states.
Correct answer is: World Trade Organization
Q.15 What does the term 'jus cogens' refer to in international law?
Optional treaty provisions
Customary practices of states
Peremptory norms that cannot be violated
Trade regulations
Explanation - Jus cogens norms are fundamental principles of international law, such as the prohibition of genocide, that cannot be derogated.
Correct answer is: Peremptory norms that cannot be violated
Q.16 Which principle allows states to grant asylum to refugees?
Principle of territorial integrity
Principle of humanitarian protection
Principle of sovereignty
Principle of reciprocity
Explanation - States may provide asylum under international law to protect individuals from persecution.
Correct answer is: Principle of humanitarian protection
Q.17 Which document first codified the rights and duties of neutral states during war?
Hague Conventions
Geneva Conventions
UN Charter
Vienna Convention
Explanation - The Hague Conventions established international rules on neutrality and conduct of war.
Correct answer is: Hague Conventions
Q.18 What is the legal status of resolutions of the UN General Assembly?
Legally binding on all states
Binding only on member states
Generally recommendatory
Enforceable by the ICJ
Explanation - General Assembly resolutions are usually non-binding and serve as recommendations or expressions of opinion.
Correct answer is: Generally recommendatory
Q.19 Which is an example of a regional international organization?
International Monetary Fund
European Union
World Health Organization
UNESCO
Explanation - The EU is a regional organization involving European states cooperating on political and economic matters.
Correct answer is: European Union
Q.20 Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from:
International trade rules
Criminal and civil jurisdiction of host state
Being elected to office
Military service obligations
Explanation - Diplomatic immunity ensures diplomats cannot be prosecuted under local laws, allowing them to perform their duties freely.
Correct answer is: Criminal and civil jurisdiction of host state
Q.21 Which body prosecutes individuals for genocide and war crimes?
International Court of Justice
International Criminal Court
UN Security Council
World Trade Organization
Explanation - The ICC prosecutes individuals accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.
Correct answer is: International Criminal Court
Q.22 Which principle is used to settle disputes peacefully under international law?
Use of force
Negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Economic coercion
Military intervention
Explanation - International law emphasizes peaceful settlement of disputes through diplomacy and legal mechanisms.
Correct answer is: Negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Q.23 What is the legal significance of treaties in international law?
They are binding agreements between states
They are suggestions only
They create local laws only
They only apply to non-state actors
Explanation - Treaties are formal agreements that legally bind states that consent to them.
Correct answer is: They are binding agreements between states
Q.24 Which principle governs the use of force under international law?
Only self-defense and UN Security Council authorization
States can use force freely
Use of force is allowed against any neighbor
Military alliances override international law
Explanation - Under the UN Charter, force is only permitted in self-defense or when authorized by the Security Council.
Correct answer is: Only self-defense and UN Security Council authorization
Q.25 Which of the following is considered a non-state actor in international law?
France
UNICEF
Germany
Brazil
Explanation - Non-state actors like UNICEF are international organizations that participate in global governance but are not sovereign states.
Correct answer is: UNICEF