Q.1 Which of the following is the first stage of a criminal trial?
Cross-examination
Framing of charge
Examination of witnesses
Filing of complaint
Explanation - The filing of a complaint initiates a criminal trial process, followed by investigation and further proceedings.
Correct answer is: Filing of complaint
Q.2 What is 'burden of proof' in trial practice?
Duty to investigate the case
Responsibility to prove the case
Right to defend oneself
Power to cross-examine witnesses
Explanation - The burden of proof refers to the obligation of a party to establish the facts of its claim before the court.
Correct answer is: Responsibility to prove the case
Q.3 Which party usually bears the burden of proof in criminal trials?
Defendant
Judge
Prosecution
Witness
Explanation - In criminal trials, the prosecution must prove the accused’s guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Correct answer is: Prosecution
Q.4 What does 'voir dire' refer to in trial practice?
A jury selection process
Final judgment
Appeal hearing
Cross-examination of witnesses
Explanation - Voir dire is the process of questioning potential jurors to determine their suitability.
Correct answer is: A jury selection process
Q.5 Which of these is NOT a stage in a civil trial?
Pleadings
Presentation of evidence
Jury deliberation
Cross-examination
Explanation - In many civil trials, especially in non-jury systems, there is no stage of jury deliberation.
Correct answer is: Jury deliberation
Q.6 What is the purpose of an opening statement in a trial?
To argue the case
To present the verdict
To outline what each party intends to prove
To submit evidence
Explanation - Opening statements are meant to give the judge or jury an overview of what the party expects to prove during the trial.
Correct answer is: To outline what each party intends to prove
Q.7 Which of the following terms refers to questioning one’s own witness?
Cross-examination
Re-examination
Direct examination
Voir dire
Explanation - Direct examination is when a party questions its own witness to build its case.
Correct answer is: Direct examination
Q.8 What is the main purpose of cross-examination?
To support witness testimony
To clarify facts
To test the credibility of witnesses
To submit documents
Explanation - Cross-examination is used to challenge the accuracy and credibility of the opposing side’s witnesses.
Correct answer is: To test the credibility of witnesses
Q.9 Which document officially records the decision of a court?
Charge sheet
Judgment
Affidavit
Writ
Explanation - A judgment is the official and formal expression of the decision of a court.
Correct answer is: Judgment
Q.10 In trial procedure, what does 'adjournment' mean?
The conclusion of the trial
The temporary suspension of proceedings
The beginning of arguments
The dismissal of a case
Explanation - Adjournment refers to postponing court proceedings to another date.
Correct answer is: The temporary suspension of proceedings
Q.11 What is a 'leading question' in trial practice?
A question that suggests the answer
A question without relevance
A question asked to experts only
A question allowed only in opening statements
Explanation - A leading question is one that implies or suggests the expected answer.
Correct answer is: A question that suggests the answer
Q.12 In criminal trials, what does 'beyond reasonable doubt' mean?
Absolute certainty
Sufficient proof to remove reasonable doubt
Balance of probabilities
No need for evidence
Explanation - The prosecution must prove the accused’s guilt to such a level that no reasonable doubt remains.
Correct answer is: Sufficient proof to remove reasonable doubt
Q.13 Which stage comes immediately after pleadings in a civil trial?
Examination of witnesses
Framing of issues
Closing arguments
Judgment
Explanation - After pleadings, the court frames issues to identify the points of dispute between the parties.
Correct answer is: Framing of issues
Q.14 Who has the authority to pronounce a judgment?
Police
Plaintiff
Judge
Defendant
Explanation - A judgment is delivered by the judge as the final decision in a case.
Correct answer is: Judge
Q.15 What does 'amicus curiae' mean?
Friend of the court
Accused in trial
Lead witness
Court clerk
Explanation - An amicus curiae is a person or entity not party to a case but who assists the court with expertise.
Correct answer is: Friend of the court
Q.16 Which of these is considered documentary evidence?
Witness testimony
Written contracts
Oral statements
Cross-examination answers
Explanation - Documentary evidence includes documents such as contracts, agreements, and letters.
Correct answer is: Written contracts
Q.17 What is the purpose of closing arguments?
To introduce evidence
To cross-examine witnesses
To summarize and argue the case
To decide on judgment
Explanation - Closing arguments are made after evidence is presented, summarizing the case for the court.
Correct answer is: To summarize and argue the case
Q.18 What does 'perjury' mean in trial practice?
Forgery of documents
False testimony under oath
Contempt of court
Delay in proceedings
Explanation - Perjury refers to knowingly giving false testimony while under oath.
Correct answer is: False testimony under oath
Q.19 Who represents the government in criminal prosecutions?
Defense attorney
Public prosecutor
Judge
Court clerk
Explanation - The public prosecutor is responsible for representing the state in criminal cases.
Correct answer is: Public prosecutor
Q.20 Which principle ensures a fair trial?
Audi alteram partem
Res ipsa loquitur
Mens rea
Res judicata
Explanation - The principle of audi alteram partem means that both parties must be heard before a decision is made.
Correct answer is: Audi alteram partem
Q.21 Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence?
Oral evidence
Documentary evidence
Circumstantial evidence
Judicial decree
Explanation - A judicial decree is a court order, not evidence.
Correct answer is: Judicial decree
Q.22 What is an 'objection' during a trial?
A challenge to evidence or procedure
A request for adjournment
A type of affidavit
A form of witness testimony
Explanation - Objections are raised by counsel to prevent improper evidence or procedures.
Correct answer is: A challenge to evidence or procedure
Q.23 Which stage follows examination and cross-examination of witnesses?
Closing arguments
Framing of issues
Appeal
Filing of pleadings
Explanation - After witness examination, both parties present their closing arguments before the judgment.
Correct answer is: Closing arguments
Q.24 What is 'ex parte' proceeding?
Proceeding with both parties present
Proceeding with only one party present
Proceeding in appeal
Proceeding before jury
Explanation - Ex parte proceedings take place when only one party is present before the court.
Correct answer is: Proceeding with only one party present
Q.25 Who has the final say in interpreting procedural law during a trial?
Defense counsel
Prosecutor
Judge
Witness
Explanation - The judge interprets and applies procedural laws throughout the trial process.
Correct answer is: Judge