Q.1 Which international organization primarily deals with maintaining global peace and security?
World Trade Organization
United Nations
International Monetary Fund
World Health Organization
Explanation - The United Nations (UN) is the main international organization focused on maintaining global peace, security, and fostering cooperation among nations.
Correct answer is: United Nations
Q.2 What is the principle of 'Sovereign Equality of States' in international law?
All states have equal economic power
All states have equal legal status and rights
All states must follow the same domestic laws
All states must have the same military strength
Explanation - Sovereign equality means that all states, regardless of size or power, have equal rights and obligations under international law.
Correct answer is: All states have equal legal status and rights
Q.3 Which treaty is considered the cornerstone of modern international humanitarian law?
Geneva Conventions
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Treaty of Versailles
Explanation - The Geneva Conventions set standards for humanitarian treatment in war, including protection of civilians and prisoners of war.
Correct answer is: Geneva Conventions
Q.4 Which body of the United Nations resolves disputes between states under international law?
International Court of Justice
UN Security Council
UN General Assembly
International Criminal Court
Explanation - The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the UN that settles legal disputes submitted by states.
Correct answer is: International Court of Justice
Q.5 What is the main purpose of diplomatic immunity?
To exempt diplomats from paying taxes in their home country
To protect diplomats from legal actions in the host country
To allow diplomats to engage in military activities
To permit diplomats to vote in the host country
Explanation - Diplomatic immunity ensures that diplomats can perform their duties without fear of harassment or legal persecution by the host country.
Correct answer is: To protect diplomats from legal actions in the host country
Q.6 Which principle allows countries to intervene in another state to prevent genocide or human rights abuses?
Doctrine of Sovereignty
Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Monroe Doctrine
Non-Intervention Principle
Explanation - R2P is an international norm that states have a responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.
Correct answer is: Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Q.7 Which law governs the rights and responsibilities of states in the use of oceans?
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
Geneva Convention
Vienna Convention
Treaty of Maastricht
Explanation - UNCLOS establishes rules for navigation, territorial waters, exclusive economic zones, and marine resources among nations.
Correct answer is: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
Q.8 Which international court prosecutes individuals for crimes like genocide and war crimes?
International Court of Justice
International Criminal Court
Permanent Court of Arbitration
European Court of Human Rights
Explanation - The ICC has jurisdiction over individuals accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression.
Correct answer is: International Criminal Court
Q.9 The concept of 'jus cogens' refers to:
Optional international treaties
Norms from which no derogation is permitted
Economic agreements between states
Regional trade rules
Explanation - Jus cogens are peremptory norms of international law that cannot be violated, such as prohibitions against genocide or slavery.
Correct answer is: Norms from which no derogation is permitted
Q.10 Which international organization monitors and enforces global trade rules?
United Nations
World Trade Organization
International Monetary Fund
World Bank
Explanation - The WTO oversees international trade agreements, resolves trade disputes, and ensures that trade flows smoothly and predictably.
Correct answer is: World Trade Organization
Q.11 Which principle in international law allows self-defense against an armed attack?
Principle of Non-Intervention
Right of Collective Self-Defense
Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention
Principle of Sovereignty
Explanation - Article 51 of the UN Charter recognizes the inherent right of states to defend themselves individually or collectively if attacked.
Correct answer is: Right of Collective Self-Defense
Q.12 What is the main purpose of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961)?
Regulate international trade
Set rules for diplomatic conduct and privileges
Protect the environment
Ensure freedom of navigation at sea
Explanation - The Vienna Convention codifies the rules for diplomatic missions, including immunity, privileges, and responsibilities of diplomats.
Correct answer is: Set rules for diplomatic conduct and privileges
Q.13 Which international law principle prohibits the use of force except in self-defense or UN Security Council authorization?
Principle of Sovereignty
Prohibition of the Use of Force
Doctrine of Intervention
Law of Treaties
Explanation - The UN Charter restricts states from using force against others unless acting in self-defense or under Security Council approval.
Correct answer is: Prohibition of the Use of Force
Q.14 Which agreement established the International Court of Justice?
Charter of the United Nations
Geneva Conventions
Treaty of Versailles
Kyoto Protocol
Explanation - The ICJ was established under the UN Charter as the principal judicial body to resolve disputes between states under international law.
Correct answer is: Charter of the United Nations
Q.15 Which term describes the practice of recognizing and enforcing another country's legal judgments?
Diplomatic Immunity
Extradition
Treaty Compliance
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Explanation - This legal practice allows courts in one country to recognize and enforce decisions issued by courts in another country.
Correct answer is: Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Q.16 Which UN body can impose sanctions on countries violating international peace?
International Court of Justice
UN General Assembly
UN Security Council
UN Human Rights Council
Explanation - The Security Council has the authority to impose sanctions, authorize military action, and take measures to maintain or restore international peace.
Correct answer is: UN Security Council
Q.17 What is the purpose of bilateral treaties between states?
To establish laws within a single country
To regulate relations between two countries
To regulate trade globally
To enforce international humanitarian law
Explanation - Bilateral treaties are agreements between two states that govern their mutual rights and obligations, such as trade, defense, or diplomacy.
Correct answer is: To regulate relations between two countries
Q.18 Which concept allows states to be responsible for damages caused by internationally wrongful acts?
State Responsibility
Sovereign Immunity
Diplomatic Privilege
Non-Intervention
Explanation - Under international law, states are liable for actions that violate international norms, including damages or reparations to affected parties.
Correct answer is: State Responsibility
Q.19 The term 'soft law' in international relations refers to:
Legally binding treaties
Non-binding norms, guidelines, or declarations
National laws adopted internationally
Military alliances between states
Explanation - Soft law refers to instruments like declarations or resolutions that influence state behavior without being legally enforceable.
Correct answer is: Non-binding norms, guidelines, or declarations
Q.20 Which principle requires states to settle disputes peacefully without threatening or using force?
Principle of Non-Intervention
Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
Sovereign Immunity
Collective Security
Explanation - Under international law, states are obligated to resolve disputes by negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or judicial settlement.
Correct answer is: Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
Q.21 Which international agreement aimed to limit nuclear weapons and promote disarmament?
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Geneva Convention
Explanation - The NPT seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful nuclear energy use while working toward disarmament.
Correct answer is: Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
Q.22 What is the primary function of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in international relations?
Enforce human rights
Provide financial stability and loans to countries
Regulate military conflicts
Manage international trade disputes
Explanation - The IMF provides financial support, monitors economic policies, and helps stabilize economies of member countries during crises.
Correct answer is: Provide financial stability and loans to countries
Q.23 Which principle restricts states from intervening in the domestic affairs of other states?
Non-Intervention Principle
Right of Self-Defense
Collective Security
Responsibility to Protect
Explanation - The non-intervention principle is a fundamental norm of international law, ensuring that states do not interfere in internal matters of others.
Correct answer is: Non-Intervention Principle
Q.24 Which legal instrument defines the rules for international treaties between states?
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
UN Charter
Geneva Conventions
NPT
Explanation - The Vienna Convention codifies the rules on how treaties are made, interpreted, and terminated under international law.
Correct answer is: Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Q.25 What does the term 'multilateralism' refer to in international relations?
Collaboration among multiple countries to achieve common goals
A single country acting alone
Military intervention in another country
Trade agreements between two countries only
Explanation - Multilateralism is the process where multiple countries work together through international institutions or agreements to address global issues.
Correct answer is: Collaboration among multiple countries to achieve common goals