Q.1 Which principle in bioethics emphasizes doing no harm to patients?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Justice
Explanation - Non-maleficence is the principle that healthcare providers should not cause harm to patients.
Correct answer is: Non-maleficence
Q.2 What legal framework governs the ethical use of human subjects in research?
The Nuremberg Code
The Clean Air Act
The Civil Rights Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act
Explanation - The Nuremberg Code was established after World War II to ensure the ethical treatment of human subjects in research.
Correct answer is: The Nuremberg Code
Q.3 Which bioethical principle gives patients the right to make decisions about their own medical treatment?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Veracity
Explanation - Autonomy emphasizes a patient’s right to make informed choices regarding their healthcare.
Correct answer is: Autonomy
Q.4 Which law regulates the confidentiality of patient medical records in the United States?
HIPAA
FMLA
ADA
FERPA
Explanation - The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects patient privacy and confidentiality of medical records.
Correct answer is: HIPAA
Q.5 What is the primary ethical concern in genetic testing?
Data storage costs
Informed consent and privacy
Equipment sterilization
Clinical trial recruitment
Explanation - Genetic testing raises ethical issues about privacy, informed consent, and potential discrimination based on genetic information.
Correct answer is: Informed consent and privacy
Q.6 Which principle in bioethics emphasizes fairness in healthcare distribution?
Autonomy
Justice
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Explanation - Justice in bioethics ensures equitable access to healthcare and fair treatment of patients.
Correct answer is: Justice
Q.7 Which case established the legal precedent for patient autonomy and informed consent in the U.S.?
Roe v. Wade
Canterbury v. Spence
Brown v. Board of Education
Marbury v. Madison
Explanation - The Canterbury v. Spence case emphasized that physicians must obtain informed consent from patients before treatment.
Correct answer is: Canterbury v. Spence
Q.8 Which international document outlines ethical principles for biomedical research involving humans?
The Geneva Conventions
The Belmont Report
The Declaration of Helsinki
The Kyoto Protocol
Explanation - The Declaration of Helsinki provides ethical guidelines for human experimentation in medical research worldwide.
Correct answer is: The Declaration of Helsinki
Q.9 Which term describes the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve suffering?
Euthanasia
Beneficence
Autonomy
Palliative care
Explanation - Euthanasia refers to intentionally ending a life to alleviate suffering, raising complex legal and ethical debates.
Correct answer is: Euthanasia
Q.10 What is a major ethical concern in the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare?
Energy consumption of AI servers
Bias and fairness in decision-making
Storage of paper records
Training of medical students
Explanation - AI in healthcare may introduce bias, affecting fair treatment, privacy, and patient outcomes, raising bioethical concerns.
Correct answer is: Bias and fairness in decision-making
Q.11 Which ethical principle requires healthcare providers to act in the best interest of the patient?
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Justice
Autonomy
Explanation - Beneficence obliges healthcare professionals to act in ways that benefit patients and promote their well-being.
Correct answer is: Beneficence
Q.12 Which act governs organ transplantation laws in the United States?
The National Organ Transplant Act
The Affordable Care Act
The Food and Drug Act
The HIPAA Act
Explanation - The National Organ Transplant Act regulates organ donation and transplantation to ensure ethical distribution and prevent commercialization.
Correct answer is: The National Organ Transplant Act
Q.13 Which bioethical issue arises from using stem cells in research?
Patenting natural resources
Consent from donors and moral status of embryos
Intellectual property disputes
Medical licensing
Explanation - Stem cell research raises concerns about donor consent and ethical questions about the moral status of embryos.
Correct answer is: Consent from donors and moral status of embryos
Q.14 Which document primarily guides ethical medical research in the United States?
The Belmont Report
The Declaration of Helsinki
The Nuremberg Code
The Geneva Conventions
Explanation - The Belmont Report establishes ethical principles like respect for persons, beneficence, and justice in U.S. research.
Correct answer is: The Belmont Report
Q.15 What does the principle of 'veracity' emphasize in medical ethics?
Telling the truth to patients
Avoiding harm to patients
Fair distribution of resources
Patient autonomy
Explanation - Veracity in bioethics emphasizes honesty and transparency in communication between healthcare providers and patients.
Correct answer is: Telling the truth to patients
Q.16 Which law addresses the ethical use of biotechnology and genetic engineering in humans?
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
Affordable Care Act
Civil Rights Act
Patent Act
Explanation - GINA protects individuals from discrimination based on genetic information in health insurance and employment.
Correct answer is: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
Q.17 Which ethical dilemma arises in end-of-life care decisions?
Balancing patient autonomy and beneficence
Choosing the cheapest treatment
Medical malpractice claims
Hospital infrastructure planning
Explanation - End-of-life care often requires balancing a patient’s wishes with the healthcare provider’s duty to act in their best interest.
Correct answer is: Balancing patient autonomy and beneficence
Q.18 Which type of consent is required when a patient fully understands the risks and benefits of a medical procedure?
Implied consent
Informed consent
Proxy consent
Emergency consent
Explanation - Informed consent ensures that a patient voluntarily agrees to treatment after understanding its risks, benefits, and alternatives.
Correct answer is: Informed consent
Q.19 Which international bioethics principle protects the rights and welfare of research subjects?
Beneficence
Respect for persons
Justice
All of the above
Explanation - International bioethics principles include beneficence, respect for persons, and justice to safeguard research participants.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.20 Which bioethical issue is most relevant to cloning humans?
Autonomy and identity
Hospital budgeting
Medical licensing
Clinical trial enrollment
Explanation - Human cloning raises complex ethical issues, including concerns about personal identity, autonomy, and potential exploitation.
Correct answer is: Autonomy and identity
Q.21 Which law aims to prevent discrimination based on genetic information in employment?
GINA
ADA
FMLA
HIPAA
Explanation - The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) prohibits employers from using genetic information in hiring or promotion decisions.
Correct answer is: GINA
Q.22 Which bioethical concept addresses the fair allocation of scarce medical resources?
Justice
Autonomy
Veracity
Beneficence
Explanation - Justice in bioethics deals with distributing healthcare resources fairly and equitably among patients.
Correct answer is: Justice
Q.23 Which case raised ethical questions about reproductive rights and bioethics in the U.S.?
Roe v. Wade
Brown v. Board of Education
Marbury v. Madison
Plessy v. Ferguson
Explanation - Roe v. Wade addressed reproductive rights, creating ethical and legal debates in bioethics.
Correct answer is: Roe v. Wade
Q.24 Which principle guides ethical decision-making in pediatric care?
Best interests of the child
Patient autonomy only
Non-maleficence only
Veracity only
Explanation - In pediatric care, decisions should prioritize the child’s welfare, even when parents or guardians are involved.
Correct answer is: Best interests of the child