Q.1 Which document is considered the foundation of modern international human rights law?
The Magna Carta
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The US Constitution
The Napoleonic Code
Explanation - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the UN in 1948, sets out fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
Correct answer is: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Q.2 Which human right protects freedom of thought, conscience, and religion?
Civil rights
Political rights
Freedom of expression
Freedom of religion
Explanation - Freedom of religion allows individuals to practice any religion or none at all without interference from the state.
Correct answer is: Freedom of religion
Q.3 The right to education is protected under which international treaty?
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Geneva Conventions
Hague Convention
Explanation - The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recognizes the right of every child to education.
Correct answer is: Convention on the Rights of the Child
Q.4 Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental human right?
Right to life
Right to liberty
Right to property
Right to earn unlimited wealth
Explanation - Human rights protect basic freedoms and dignities, not unlimited economic gains.
Correct answer is: Right to earn unlimited wealth
Q.5 Which body monitors compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?
Human Rights Council
UN Security Council
UN Human Rights Committee
International Court of Justice
Explanation - The UN Human Rights Committee monitors state compliance with the ICCPR and reviews reports submitted by states.
Correct answer is: UN Human Rights Committee
Q.6 Which of these is an economic, social, and cultural right?
Right to vote
Right to freedom of speech
Right to work
Right to equality before law
Explanation - Economic, social, and cultural rights include rights like education, health, and work, which aim to ensure human welfare.
Correct answer is: Right to work
Q.7 Which international document first proclaimed that 'all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights'?
The Magna Carta
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Charter of the United Nations
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Explanation - UDHR, 1948, is the first international declaration affirming universal human equality and dignity.
Correct answer is: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Q.8 Which body can hear complaints of human rights violations under regional treaties in Europe?
European Court of Human Rights
International Criminal Court
World Court
UN General Assembly
Explanation - The European Court of Human Rights, established under the European Convention on Human Rights, handles violations in member states.
Correct answer is: European Court of Human Rights
Q.9 Which principle ensures that human rights cannot be suspended, even during emergencies?
Non-derogable rights
Civil liberties
Positive rights
Negative rights
Explanation - Non-derogable rights, like the right to life and prohibition of torture, cannot be suspended under any circumstances.
Correct answer is: Non-derogable rights
Q.10 Which international treaty specifically protects the rights of persons with disabilities?
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Geneva Convention
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Explanation - Adopted in 2006, this convention aims to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities.
Correct answer is: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Q.11 The principle of 'equality before the law' is guaranteed under which type of rights?
Civil rights
Economic rights
Cultural rights
Social rights
Explanation - Civil rights ensure individuals are treated equally and fairly under the law without discrimination.
Correct answer is: Civil rights
Q.12 Which human right is violated if someone is imprisoned without trial?
Right to equality
Right to liberty and security
Right to work
Right to education
Explanation - Arbitrary detention violates the right to personal liberty and security, which protects individuals from unlawful arrest.
Correct answer is: Right to liberty and security
Q.13 Which of these is a collective right rather than an individual right?
Freedom of speech
Right to self-determination
Right to privacy
Right to property
Explanation - The right to self-determination is typically exercised by peoples or groups, rather than by individual persons.
Correct answer is: Right to self-determination
Q.14 Which human rights principle prohibits torture and cruel treatment?
Non-refoulement
Prohibition of inhuman treatment
Right to development
Right to vote
Explanation - International law, including the Convention Against Torture, prohibits torture and inhuman or degrading treatment.
Correct answer is: Prohibition of inhuman treatment
Q.15 Which UN body is primarily responsible for promoting and protecting human rights worldwide?
UN Security Council
UN Human Rights Council
International Court of Justice
UN General Assembly
Explanation - The UN Human Rights Council addresses human rights violations, monitors issues globally, and makes recommendations.
Correct answer is: UN Human Rights Council
Q.16 Freedom of expression is limited in international human rights law when it:
Harms national security or public order
Offends someone's feelings
Is critical of government policies
Is expressed in private
Explanation - International human rights law allows restrictions on free expression only for legitimate reasons like security, public safety, or protection of others' rights.
Correct answer is: Harms national security or public order
Q.17 Which treaty aims to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination?
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Geneva Convention
Explanation - This treaty obliges states to eliminate racial discrimination and promote equality.
Correct answer is: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Q.18 The right to participate in government and free elections is an example of:
Civil and political rights
Economic rights
Social rights
Cultural rights
Explanation - Civil and political rights protect freedoms necessary for political participation, including voting and running for office.
Correct answer is: Civil and political rights
Q.19 Which international human rights law protects individuals from discrimination based on sex?
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Geneva Convention
Explanation - CEDAW aims to ensure gender equality and eliminate discrimination against women in all areas.
Correct answer is: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
Q.20 Which principle of human rights states that all individuals are entitled to rights without distinction of race, color, sex, language, religion, or nationality?
Universality
Non-discrimination
Indivisibility
Accountability
Explanation - Non-discrimination ensures that human rights apply equally to everyone without bias or favoritism.
Correct answer is: Non-discrimination
Q.21 Which human rights violation occurs when the government censors media without justification?
Violation of freedom of speech
Violation of right to equality
Violation of right to education
Violation of right to property
Explanation - Censorship of media without legal justification violates the fundamental right to freedom of expression.
Correct answer is: Violation of freedom of speech
Q.22 The principle of 'human dignity' is best described as:
A legal right to property
An inherent worth of all humans
A political privilege
A temporary protection under law
Explanation - Human dignity recognizes the intrinsic value of every individual, forming the basis for all human rights.
Correct answer is: An inherent worth of all humans
Q.23 Which regional human rights system operates in Africa?
European Court of Human Rights
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
Asian Human Rights Commission
Explanation - The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights protects human rights and hears complaints from African Union member states.
Correct answer is: African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
Q.24 The 'right to seek asylum' is primarily associated with:
Economic rights
Political rights
Refugee protection under international law
Cultural rights
Explanation - International law, including the 1951 Refugee Convention, guarantees the right to seek asylum from persecution.
Correct answer is: Refugee protection under international law
Q.25 Which document obliges states to respect the human rights of indigenous peoples?
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Geneva Convention
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Explanation - Adopted in 2007, this declaration recognizes and protects the rights of indigenous peoples worldwide.
Correct answer is: UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples