Q.1 Which document is often considered the foundation of modern human rights?
Magna Carta
The Communist Manifesto
Napoleonic Code
Federalist Papers
Explanation - The Magna Carta of 1215 limited the power of the king and established principles that influenced later human rights frameworks.
Correct answer is: Magna Carta
Q.2 Which right is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
Right to vote
Freedom of speech
Right to a fair trial
Right to privacy
Explanation - The First Amendment protects freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.
Correct answer is: Freedom of speech
Q.3 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by which organization?
United Nations
European Union
World Trade Organization
NATO
Explanation - In 1948, the UN adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, setting out fundamental freedoms for all people.
Correct answer is: United Nations
Q.4 Which of the following is considered a civil liberty?
Freedom of religion
Owning property
Healthcare access
Minimum wage
Explanation - Civil liberties protect individual freedoms, such as religion, speech, and assembly, from government interference.
Correct answer is: Freedom of religion
Q.5 What is the right to a fair trial mainly designed to protect?
Government interests
Judges’ authority
Accused individuals
Police powers
Explanation - The right to a fair trial ensures justice by protecting those accused from unfair treatment or abuse of power.
Correct answer is: Accused individuals
Q.6 Which liberty is limited during a state of emergency in most countries?
Right to own property
Freedom of movement
Right to marry
Freedom from torture
Explanation - In emergencies, governments often restrict movement for security, though certain rights like freedom from torture remain absolute.
Correct answer is: Freedom of movement
Q.7 Which philosopher is closely associated with the concept of natural rights?
Karl Marx
John Locke
Plato
Thomas Hobbes
Explanation - John Locke argued that individuals inherently possess rights to life, liberty, and property.
Correct answer is: John Locke
Q.8 Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery?
10th Amendment
13th Amendment
15th Amendment
19th Amendment
Explanation - The 13th Amendment (1865) formally abolished slavery in the United States.
Correct answer is: 13th Amendment
Q.9 Which type of rights are guaranteed equally to all without discrimination?
Civil rights
Economic rights
Political rights
Cultural rights
Explanation - Civil rights ensure equal protection under the law and prohibit discrimination.
Correct answer is: Civil rights
Q.10 What does the right to privacy generally protect?
Government records
Personal and family life
Corporate interests
Public safety
Explanation - The right to privacy protects individuals from unwarranted intrusion into their personal and family life.
Correct answer is: Personal and family life
Q.11 Which document first declared 'all men are created equal'?
Bill of Rights
Declaration of Independence
U.S. Constitution
Emancipation Proclamation
Explanation - The U.S. Declaration of Independence (1776) proclaimed equality and unalienable rights.
Correct answer is: Declaration of Independence
Q.12 Which international treaty protects children’s rights?
Geneva Conventions
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Hague Convention
Kyoto Protocol
Explanation - The CRC, adopted by the UN in 1989, is the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history.
Correct answer is: Convention on the Rights of the Child
Q.13 Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment is protected by which U.S. amendment?
5th Amendment
6th Amendment
8th Amendment
10th Amendment
Explanation - The 8th Amendment prohibits excessive bail, fines, and cruel or unusual punishment.
Correct answer is: 8th Amendment
Q.14 The Indian Constitution guarantees the 'Right to Equality' under which article?
Article 12
Article 14
Article 19
Article 21
Explanation - Article 14 ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the laws in India.
Correct answer is: Article 14
Q.15 Which freedom allows citizens to gather peacefully and express opinions?
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of religion
Right to property
Freedom of association
Explanation - Freedom of assembly ensures citizens can gather peacefully for protests or meetings.
Correct answer is: Freedom of assembly
Q.16 Which legal principle ensures that laws apply equally to all citizens?
Rule of law
Judicial review
Checks and balances
Due process
Explanation - The rule of law requires that no one is above the law and all are treated equally under it.
Correct answer is: Rule of law
Q.17 What is habeas corpus primarily designed to protect against?
Unfair taxation
Unlawful detention
Censorship
Discrimination
Explanation - Habeas corpus allows individuals to challenge unlawful imprisonment before a court.
Correct answer is: Unlawful detention
Q.18 Which group was enfranchised in the U.S. by the 19th Amendment?
Former slaves
Women
Immigrants
Young adults
Explanation - The 19th Amendment (1920) granted women the right to vote in the United States.
Correct answer is: Women
Q.19 Which European document was adopted in 1950 to protect human rights?
Lisbon Treaty
European Convention on Human Rights
Maastricht Treaty
Treaty of Rome
Explanation - The ECHR established rights enforceable in the European Court of Human Rights.
Correct answer is: European Convention on Human Rights
Q.20 Which right ensures that laws are not applied retroactively?
Right to privacy
Right to non-retroactivity
Right to assembly
Right to property
Explanation - Non-retroactivity ensures individuals cannot be punished under laws that were not in force at the time of their actions.
Correct answer is: Right to non-retroactivity
Q.21 Which human right is considered absolute and cannot be restricted?
Right to vote
Freedom from torture
Freedom of speech
Right to property
Explanation - Freedom from torture is absolute under international law and cannot be limited under any circumstances.
Correct answer is: Freedom from torture
Q.22 Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the right to counsel for defendants?
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board
Gideon v. Wainwright
Roe v. Wade
Explanation - In 1963, Gideon v. Wainwright guaranteed the right to legal counsel for defendants unable to afford one.
Correct answer is: Gideon v. Wainwright
Q.23 Which freedom is directly linked to freedom of thought?
Freedom of movement
Freedom of religion
Right to trial
Freedom of association
Explanation - Freedom of thought and conscience naturally extends to freedom of religion and belief.
Correct answer is: Freedom of religion
Q.24 The right to information in India is legally recognized under which Act?
Right to Education Act
Right to Information Act
Human Rights Act
Consumer Protection Act
Explanation - The RTI Act (2005) empowers Indian citizens to seek transparency from public authorities.
Correct answer is: Right to Information Act
Q.25 Which amendment lowered the voting age to 18 in the U.S.?
21st Amendment
22nd Amendment
24th Amendment
26th Amendment
Explanation - Ratified in 1971, the 26th Amendment lowered the U.S. voting age to 18.
Correct answer is: 26th Amendment