Q.1 What is the primary purpose of Environmental Law in business?
To increase company profits
To regulate business activities that impact the environment
To provide tax benefits to businesses
To promote international trade
Explanation - Environmental Law governs business practices to minimize harmful effects on the environment, ensuring sustainable operations.
Correct answer is: To regulate business activities that impact the environment
Q.2 Which of the following is a key principle of sustainable business practices?
Maximizing short-term profits
Ignoring environmental regulations
Balancing economic, social, and environmental goals
Outsourcing all production
Explanation - Sustainability in business aims to meet present needs without compromising future generations, integrating economic, social, and environmental factors.
Correct answer is: Balancing economic, social, and environmental goals
Q.3 Which international agreement focuses on climate change mitigation?
Kyoto Protocol
Geneva Convention
Paris Agreement
Montreal Protocol
Explanation - The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, aims to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Paris Agreement
Q.4 Which Indian law regulates environmental pollution and protection?
Factories Act, 1948
Environment Protection Act, 1986
Companies Act, 2013
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
Explanation - The Environment Protection Act provides the framework for preventing and controlling environmental pollution in India.
Correct answer is: Environment Protection Act, 1986
Q.5 What is a common requirement for businesses under environmental laws?
Conducting Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
Hiring more employees
Increasing marketing spend
Reducing product prices
Explanation - EIAs are used to evaluate the potential environmental effects of business projects before approval.
Correct answer is: Conducting Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
Q.6 Which of the following is considered a renewable energy source?
Coal
Oil
Solar
Natural Gas
Explanation - Solar energy is renewable because it is continuously available and does not deplete natural resources.
Correct answer is: Solar
Q.7 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India under Section 135 of the Companies Act mandates companies to:
Pay higher dividends
Contribute a percentage of profits for social and environmental causes
Reduce employee salaries
Avoid taxation
Explanation - Section 135 requires certain companies to spend at least 2% of average net profits on CSR activities including environmental sustainability.
Correct answer is: Contribute a percentage of profits for social and environmental causes
Q.8 Which of the following practices contributes directly to sustainability?
Excessive packaging
Recycling materials
Dumping waste into rivers
Using single-use plastics
Explanation - Recycling reduces waste, conserves resources, and promotes sustainable business practices.
Correct answer is: Recycling materials
Q.9 The term 'carbon footprint' refers to:
The number of trees planted by a company
The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an activity
The size of a company’s office
The amount of paper used annually
Explanation - A carbon footprint measures the impact of activities on climate change through greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an activity
Q.10 Which regulatory body in India monitors air and water pollution?
Reserve Bank of India
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Securities and Exchange Board of India
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
Explanation - The CPCB is responsible for monitoring, controlling, and preventing environmental pollution in India.
Correct answer is: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Q.11 Greenwashing refers to:
Accurately reporting environmental performance
Misleading consumers about environmental practices
Planting trees in urban areas
Adopting renewable energy
Explanation - Greenwashing occurs when a company exaggerates or falsely claims to be environmentally friendly to improve its image.
Correct answer is: Misleading consumers about environmental practices
Q.12 Which of these is a key objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to business?
Maximizing profits at any cost
Promoting peace, social equity, and environmental sustainability
Eliminating all regulations
Focusing only on local markets
Explanation - SDGs encourage businesses to adopt practices that are socially responsible and environmentally sustainable.
Correct answer is: Promoting peace, social equity, and environmental sustainability
Q.13 Which practice reduces industrial waste in production?
Lean manufacturing
Mass production without recycling
Importing raw materials
Using disposable products
Explanation - Lean manufacturing aims to minimize waste, reduce costs, and improve efficiency while promoting sustainability.
Correct answer is: Lean manufacturing
Q.14 Which of the following is an example of environmental compliance?
Discharging untreated wastewater
Proper disposal of hazardous chemicals
Illegal logging
Dumping e-waste into rivers
Explanation - Complying with environmental laws ensures safe handling and disposal of hazardous substances to protect health and the environment.
Correct answer is: Proper disposal of hazardous chemicals
Q.15 The concept of 'triple bottom line' in business includes:
Profit, people, planet
Profit, production, promotion
People, process, performance
Planet, product, pricing
Explanation - The triple bottom line emphasizes sustainable business success measured by financial, social, and environmental performance.
Correct answer is: Profit, people, planet
Q.16 Which international treaty aims to protect the ozone layer?
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Kyoto Protocol
Copenhagen Accord
Explanation - The Montreal Protocol regulates substances that deplete the ozone layer, like CFCs, to protect the environment.
Correct answer is: Montreal Protocol
Q.17 Which of the following best defines sustainable business?
A business that maximizes profits without concern for resources
A business that minimizes negative environmental and social impacts while generating profits
A business that operates only in urban areas
A business that avoids government regulations
Explanation - Sustainable businesses integrate environmental and social responsibility with profitability to ensure long-term viability.
Correct answer is: A business that minimizes negative environmental and social impacts while generating profits
Q.18 What is the main goal of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in India?
Monitor stock markets
Adjudicate environmental disputes
Regulate banking activities
Supervise elections
Explanation - The NGT is a specialized body in India that addresses cases related to environmental protection and conservation.
Correct answer is: Adjudicate environmental disputes
Q.19 Which of the following is a major cause of business-related environmental degradation?
Sustainable production
Overconsumption of resources and pollution
Corporate social responsibility
Renewable energy adoption
Explanation - Unsustainable use of natural resources and industrial emissions contribute to environmental harm.
Correct answer is: Overconsumption of resources and pollution
Q.20 Which Indian act specifically regulates hazardous waste management?
Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016
Companies Act, 2013
Factories Act, 1948
Environment Protection Act, 1986
Explanation - These rules regulate the handling, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous wastes to prevent environmental damage.
Correct answer is: Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016
Q.21 The term 'eco-labeling' refers to:
Certification indicating environmentally friendly products
Advertising campaigns
Financial audits
Employee training programs
Explanation - Eco-labeling helps consumers identify products with reduced environmental impacts.
Correct answer is: Certification indicating environmentally friendly products
Q.22 Which of the following is an example of a sustainable business initiative?
Using non-renewable energy for all operations
Implementing water recycling systems
Increasing single-use plastic packaging
Excessive deforestation for expansion
Explanation - Recycling water reduces resource consumption and demonstrates commitment to sustainability.
Correct answer is: Implementing water recycling systems
Q.23 Which global body monitors environmental and sustainability standards?
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Explanation - UNEP promotes global environmental sustainability, policy guidance, and monitoring.
Correct answer is: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Q.24 Environmental audits in businesses are conducted to:
Assess compliance with environmental laws and policies
Reduce employee salaries
Maximize short-term profits
Increase advertising budgets
Explanation - Environmental audits evaluate a company’s practices to ensure regulatory compliance and identify areas for improvement.
Correct answer is: Assess compliance with environmental laws and policies
Q.25 Which practice helps companies achieve carbon neutrality?
Reducing emissions and offsetting remaining carbon through green projects
Increasing fossil fuel usage
Ignoring environmental regulations
Producing more single-use plastics
Explanation - Carbon neutrality involves lowering emissions and compensating unavoidable emissions by funding sustainable initiatives.
Correct answer is: Reducing emissions and offsetting remaining carbon through green projects