Q.1 What is the primary purpose of an energy audit in an industrial facility?
To increase production speed
To identify opportunities for reducing energy consumption and cost
To replace all existing equipment with new ones
To evaluate employee performance
Explanation - An energy audit systematically examines how energy is used, pinpoints inefficiencies, and recommends measures to lower consumption and operating costs.
Correct answer is: To identify opportunities for reducing energy consumption and cost
Q.2 Which international standard specifies requirements for an Energy Management System (EnMS)?
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
ISO 50001
ISO 45001
Explanation - ISO 50001 provides a framework for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving an energy management system.
Correct answer is: ISO 50001
Q.3 In a manufacturing plant, which of the following is the most effective first step to improve power factor?
Install larger transformers
Add capacitor banks close to inductive loads
Replace all motors with DC motors
Increase the line voltage
Explanation - Capacitor banks provide leading reactive power, compensating for the lagging reactive power of inductive loads, thereby improving the overall power factor.
Correct answer is: Add capacitor banks close to inductive loads
Q.4 Which metric is commonly used to express the energy efficiency of a motor-driven system?
Specific Energy Consumption (SEC)
Power Factor (PF)
Heat Rate (HR)
Load Factor (LF)
Explanation - SEC (kWh per unit of output) measures how much energy is used to produce a given amount of work, directly reflecting motor-driven system efficiency.
Correct answer is: Specific Energy Consumption (SEC)
Q.5 What is the main advantage of using Variable Speed Drives (VSD) on industrial pumps?
Higher shaft speed at all times
Reduced motor size
Ability to match pump speed to process demand, saving energy
Elimination of the need for lubrication
Explanation - VSDs adjust motor speed to match the required flow, avoiding the energy waste associated with running pumps at constant speed.
Correct answer is: Ability to match pump speed to process demand, saving energy
Q.6 Which of the following is a typical Energy Performance Indicator (EnPI) for a steel mill?
kWh per tonne of steel produced
Number of employees per shift
Length of conveyor belts
Weight of raw material purchased
Explanation - EnPIs relate energy consumption to a relevant production metric; for steel mills, energy per tonne of steel is a standard indicator.
Correct answer is: kWh per tonne of steel produced
Q.7 What does the term ‘baseline energy consumption’ refer to in industrial energy management?
The highest possible energy use for a facility
The projected energy use after all improvements
The historical average energy use against which savings are measured
The energy consumption of a competitor plant
Explanation - Baseline consumption provides a reference point derived from past data to assess the impact of energy-saving measures.
Correct answer is: The historical average energy use against which savings are measured
Q.8 Which of the following is NOT a typical component of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system in industry?
Gas turbine or engine
Heat recovery steam generator
Solar photovoltaic panels
Electrical generator
Explanation - CHP systems generate electricity and capture waste heat from the same fuel source; PV panels generate electricity directly from sunlight and are not part of CHP.
Correct answer is: Solar photovoltaic panels
Q.9 In the context of demand side management, what is ‘load shifting’?
Moving energy consumption from low-cost periods to high-cost periods
Transferring load from one factory to another
Changing the location of the power plant
Scheduling energy‑intensive processes during off‑peak hours
Explanation - Load shifting moves energy use to times when electricity rates are lower or grid demand is lower, reducing cost and peak demand.
Correct answer is: Scheduling energy‑intensive processes during off‑peak hours
Q.10 Which of the following best describes ‘energy intensity’ for a manufacturing process?
Total energy used per unit of time
Energy used per unit of product output
Maximum power demand of the plant
Total cost of electricity per year
Explanation - Energy intensity relates energy consumption to the amount of product produced, allowing comparison of efficiency across different scales.
Correct answer is: Energy used per unit of product output
Q.11 What is the most common method for measuring the energy savings of an implemented Energy Conservation Measure (ECM)?
Comparing post‑implementation data with the baseline
Estimating based on equipment nameplate ratings
Surveying employee opinions
Using the plant’s total annual revenue
Explanation - Energy savings are quantified by measuring actual consumption after the ECM and subtracting the baseline consumption for the same period.
Correct answer is: Comparing post‑implementation data with the baseline
Q.12 Which tariff structure incentivizes industrial users to reduce their peak demand?
Flat rate tariff
Time‑of‑Use (TOU) tariff
Demand charge tariff
Feed‑in tariff
Explanation - Demand charges are based on the highest power demand during a billing period, encouraging users to lower peak loads.
Correct answer is: Demand charge tariff
Q.13 What is the purpose of a ‘smart meter’ in industrial energy management?
To automatically adjust production schedules
To provide real‑time measurement and communication of electricity usage
To replace the need for any human operators
To generate electricity on‑site
Explanation - Smart meters enable continuous monitoring and remote data collection, supporting advanced analytics and demand response.
Correct answer is: To provide real‑time measurement and communication of electricity usage
Q.14 Which of the following is a typical benefit of installing LED lighting in an industrial plant?
Higher luminous intensity than all other lamps
Reduced electricity consumption and lower maintenance costs
Ability to operate at any voltage without drivers
Elimination of the need for any lighting control system
Explanation - LEDs consume less power and have longer lifespans, leading to energy and maintenance savings.
Correct answer is: Reduced electricity consumption and lower maintenance costs
Q.15 Which parameter is most directly affected by the use of a heat recovery system in a cement plant?
The colour of the cement
The plant’s thermal efficiency
The number of workers required
The size of the kiln
Explanation - Heat recovery captures waste heat, raising overall thermal efficiency and reducing fuel consumption.
Correct answer is: The plant’s thermal efficiency
Q.16 In the context of Energy Management Systems, what does the acronym ‘SCADA’ stand for?
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Standardized Computerized Automation Design
Secure Communication and Data Access
Systematic Control of Dynamic Appliances
Explanation - SCADA systems monitor and control industrial processes, providing data for energy management decisions.
Correct answer is: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Q.17 Which of the following best describes ‘peak shaving’ in an industrial context?
Increasing production during peak electricity price periods
Reducing electricity demand during peak load periods by using on‑site generation or storage
Installing larger transformers to handle peak loads
Scheduling maintenance during peak demand
Explanation - Peak shaving lowers the maximum demand, often using generators, batteries, or load management strategies.
Correct answer is: Reducing electricity demand during peak load periods by using on‑site generation or storage
Q.18 Which of the following is a common cause of high energy consumption in compressed air systems?
Using air at low pressure
Leaks and poor system sealing
Operating compressors at full load continuously
Installing variable speed drives on compressors
Explanation - Air leaks can account for up to 30 % of compressed‑air energy use, making them a prime target for savings.
Correct answer is: Leaks and poor system sealing
Q.19 What is the typical payback period considered acceptable for many industrial energy‑saving projects?
1‑2 years
3‑5 years
6‑10 years
More than 10 years
Explanation - A 3‑5 year payback balances investment risk and financial return, and is commonly used as a benchmark.
Correct answer is: 3‑5 years
Q.20 Which of the following energy‑conserving measures directly reduces the internal resistance losses in an electrical distribution system?
Increasing conductor size (reducing gauge)
Installing more lighting fixtures
Using higher voltage levels for distribution
Adding more circuit breakers
Explanation - Higher voltage reduces current for the same power, decreasing I²R losses in conductors.
Correct answer is: Using higher voltage levels for distribution
Q.21 In Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), which cost component is usually the most significant for high‑efficiency motors?
Initial purchase price
Installation cost
Energy consumption over the motor’s life
Disposal cost
Explanation - Operating (energy) costs dominate the total cost of ownership for efficient motors, often outweighing the higher upfront price.
Correct answer is: Energy consumption over the motor’s life
Q.22 Which of the following is an example of a ‘process‑level’ energy conservation measure?
Installing LED lighting in the office area
Optimizing the temperature set‑point of a furnace
Replacing the main transformer with a larger one
Adding more parking lights
Explanation - Process‑level ECMs focus on the manufacturing process itself, such as adjusting furnace temperatures to reduce energy use.
Correct answer is: Optimizing the temperature set‑point of a furnace
Q.23 Which renewable energy technology is most commonly integrated with industrial facilities for onsite generation?
Geothermal power plants
Wave energy converters
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems
Tidal turbines
Explanation - PV panels are scalable, relatively low‑maintenance, and can be installed on rooftops or unused land near industrial sites.
Correct answer is: Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems
Q.24 What does the term ‘energy‑intensive industry’ refer to?
An industry that uses a high proportion of its total cost for labor
An industry where energy accounts for a large share of production costs
An industry that produces electricity
An industry with a high number of employees
Explanation - Energy‑intensive industries (e.g., steel, chemicals, cement) have high energy consumption relative to their output value.
Correct answer is: An industry where energy accounts for a large share of production costs
Q.25 Which of the following is the most effective method for reducing energy consumption of a cooling tower?
Increasing the water flow rate
Using a higher set‑point temperature for chilled water
Installing larger fans
Reducing the ambient air temperature
Explanation - Raising the chilled water temperature reduces the cooling load and the energy required by the tower and chillers.
Correct answer is: Using a higher set‑point temperature for chilled water
Q.26 In energy accounting, what does GHG stand for?
Gross Heat Generation
Greenhouse Gas
Global Heat Gain
General Hazardous Goods
Explanation - GHG refers to gases like CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O that trap heat in the atmosphere, and their emissions are tracked for environmental impact.
Correct answer is: Greenhouse Gas
Q.27 Which of the following is a typical feature of an Energy Management Software (EMS) platform?
Automatic generation of financial statements
Real‑time data collection, visualization, and alarm management
Design of mechanical components
Control of robotic arms
Explanation - EMS platforms collect energy data, display it through dashboards, and generate alerts for abnormal consumption.
Correct answer is: Real‑time data collection, visualization, and alarm management
Q.28 What is the main advantage of using a ‘heat pump’ for industrial heating compared to direct electric heating?
Heat pumps operate at lower temperatures
Heat pumps can achieve a Coefficient of Performance (COP) greater than 1, delivering more heat per unit of electricity
Heat pumps require no maintenance
Heat pumps use fossil fuels directly
Explanation - A COP >1 means the heat pump moves more heat energy than the electrical energy it consumes, improving efficiency.
Correct answer is: Heat pumps can achieve a Coefficient of Performance (COP) greater than 1, delivering more heat per unit of electricity
Q.29 Which of the following best describes ‘demand response’ (DR) in industrial settings?
Increasing electricity consumption during peak price periods
Reducing or shifting electricity usage in response to grid signals or price incentives
Installing larger transformers
Switching to diesel generators permanently
Explanation - DR programs encourage consumers to adjust demand to help balance the grid and obtain financial benefits.
Correct answer is: Reducing or shifting electricity usage in response to grid signals or price incentives
Q.30 Which of the following is an example of a ‘technical’ energy conservation measure?
Employee energy‑awareness training
Replacing an old motor with a high‑efficiency motor
Negotiating a lower electricity tariff
Reorganizing work shifts
Explanation - Technical ECMs involve equipment upgrades or modifications that directly affect energy use.
Correct answer is: Replacing an old motor with a high‑efficiency motor
Q.31 What does the term ‘energy‑intensity index’ (EII) typically compare?
Energy consumption per unit of floor area
Energy consumption per unit of product output
Energy cost per employee
Energy price per kilowatt‑hour
Explanation - EII provides a normalized measure of how much energy is used to produce a given quantity of product.
Correct answer is: Energy consumption per unit of product output
Q.32 Which type of industrial boiler is most suitable for waste heat recovery?
Electric boiler
Biomass boiler
Condensing boiler
Steam boiler with economizer
Explanation - Economizers capture flue‑gas waste heat to preheat boiler feedwater, improving overall efficiency.
Correct answer is: Steam boiler with economizer
Q.33 In a manufacturing plant, what is the primary purpose of a ‘load factor’ calculation?
To determine the total annual production volume
To assess how effectively the installed capacity is utilized over time
To calculate the number of workers required per shift
To measure the quality of finished products
Explanation - Load factor = average load / peak load; it indicates utilization efficiency of the plant’s electrical capacity.
Correct answer is: To assess how effectively the installed capacity is utilized over time
Q.34 Which of the following standards provides guidelines for energy efficiency of industrial electric motors in the United States?
ASHRAE 90.1
IEE 60947
NEMA MG‑1
IEC 61800-5-1
Explanation - NEMA MG‑1 defines performance and efficiency classes for electric motors in the U.S.
Correct answer is: NEMA MG‑1
Q.35 Which of the following best describes the term ‘carbon footprint’ for an industrial plant?
Total number of employees
Total greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO₂‑equivalents
Total amount of waste generated
Total area of the plant site
Explanation - Carbon footprint quantifies the total GHG emissions associated with a facility's activities.
Correct answer is: Total greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO₂‑equivalents
Q.36 Which of the following actions would most directly improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeration system in an industrial process?
Increasing the evaporator temperature
Reducing the condenser temperature
Using a larger compressor
Increasing the refrigerant flow rate
Explanation - Lower condenser temperature decreases the heat rejected, improving COP.
Correct answer is: Reducing the condenser temperature
Q.37 What is the main benefit of implementing a ‘Zero‑Loss’ policy for compressed air systems?
Eliminate the need for compressors
Achieve 100 % energy efficiency by eliminating all leaks and pressure drops
Reduce the number of operators needed
Increase the operating pressure to maximum levels
Explanation - A Zero‑Loss policy aims to detect and fix every air leak and minimize pressure losses, dramatically cutting energy use.
Correct answer is: Achieve 100 % energy efficiency by eliminating all leaks and pressure drops
Q.38 In the context of industrial energy management, what does the term ‘benchmarking’ refer to?
Setting a fixed electricity price for the plant
Comparing a plant’s performance metrics against industry standards or peers
Installing benchmark devices on equipment
Measuring the weight of raw materials
Explanation - Benchmarking helps identify gaps and opportunities by measuring against best‑in‑class performance.
Correct answer is: Comparing a plant’s performance metrics against industry standards or peers
Q.39 Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of a PLC program used for load shedding in an industrial plant?
Monitoring real‑time power demand
Automatic disconnection of non‑critical loads when a threshold is exceeded
Predictive analytics using AI
User‑configurable priority levels for loads
Explanation - Basic PLC load‑shedding logic monitors demand and disconnects loads; AI‑based prediction is beyond typical PLC capabilities.
Correct answer is: Predictive analytics using AI
Q.40 Which of the following is the most suitable metric for evaluating the energy performance of a furnace?
kWh per tonne of steel produced
Number of furnace cycles per day
Average furnace wall temperature
Length of the furnace refractory
Explanation - Energy per unit of output directly reflects furnace efficiency.
Correct answer is: kWh per tonne of steel produced
Q.41 What does the acronym ‘LEED’ stand for, a certification that can also impact industrial energy management?
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Low‑Emission Energy Distribution
Local Energy Efficiency Directive
Large‑scale Energy Development
Explanation - LEED is a green building certification that includes criteria for energy efficiency and management.
Correct answer is: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Q.42 Which of the following strategies can be used to reduce energy consumption of an industrial HVAC system?
Increasing the supply air temperature set‑point
Running fans at maximum speed continuously
Installing smaller ducts
Eliminating all temperature sensors
Explanation - Raising the set‑point reduces cooling load and fan power, leading to energy savings.
Correct answer is: Increasing the supply air temperature set‑point
Q.43 What is the most common way to allocate electricity costs to different production lines in a plant?
Equal division among all lines
Based on the floor area occupied by each line
Using sub‑metering to measure actual consumption per line
By the number of employees on each line
Explanation - Sub‑metering provides accurate, line‑specific consumption data for fair cost allocation.
Correct answer is: Using sub‑metering to measure actual consumption per line
Q.44 Which of the following best describes the term ‘net present value’ (NPV) in evaluating an energy project?
The total amount of energy saved over the project life
The difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows, discounted over time
The initial investment cost only
The payback period expressed in years
Explanation - NPV accounts for the time value of money, providing a financial metric for project profitability.
Correct answer is: The difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows, discounted over time
Q.45 In an industrial setting, which technology enables real‑time visibility of energy use at the machine level?
Traditional electromechanical meters
Smart sub‑metering with IoT connectivity
Paper‑based logbooks
Manual reading of main transformer
Explanation - IoT‑enabled sub‑meters transmit data continuously, allowing machine‑level monitoring and analytics.
Correct answer is: Smart sub‑metering with IoT connectivity
Q.46 Which of the following actions would most effectively reduce the auxiliary power consumption of an electric furnace?
Insulating the furnace walls
Increasing the furnace temperature set‑point
Installing a larger blower
Operating the furnace continuously
Explanation - Insulation reduces heat losses, decreasing the auxiliary power needed to maintain temperature.
Correct answer is: Insulating the furnace walls
Q.47 Which of the following is a key advantage of using a ‘thermal storage’ system in a plant with excess waste heat?
It eliminates the need for a cooling system
It allows the stored heat to be used later, reducing fuel consumption
It increases the plant’s total power output
It reduces the size of the plant’s electrical transformers
Explanation - Thermal storage captures surplus heat for later use, improving overall energy efficiency.
Correct answer is: It allows the stored heat to be used later, reducing fuel consumption
Q.48 What does the term ‘energy‑intensive process’ usually indicate about a manufacturing step?
It has a high labor cost
It consumes a large proportion of the plant’s total energy
It requires a large amount of water
It produces the most waste material
Explanation - Energy‑intensive processes dominate the facility’s energy use and are primary targets for conservation.
Correct answer is: It consumes a large proportion of the plant’s total energy
Q.49 Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce energy losses in a three‑phase power distribution system?
Balancing the loads among the three phases
Increasing the system voltage to 33 kV
Replacing all conductors with copper
Installing more circuit breakers
Explanation - Balanced loads minimize neutral currents and reduce I²R losses across the system.
Correct answer is: Balancing the loads among the three phases
Q.50 Which of the following best defines a ‘conservation measure’ (CM) in the context of ISO 50001?
A policy document for employee conduct
An action taken to reduce energy consumption or improve efficiency
A financial audit report
A legal regulation on emissions
Explanation - CMs are specific steps (e.g., equipment upgrades, operational changes) aimed at saving energy.
Correct answer is: An action taken to reduce energy consumption or improve efficiency
Q.51 Which of the following would most likely increase the overall efficiency of a steam turbine system?
Using low‑pressure steam only
Increasing the inlet steam temperature and pressure
Operating the turbine at a constant speed regardless of load
Reducing the condenser vacuum
Explanation - Higher inlet temperature and pressure improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the turbine cycle.
Correct answer is: Increasing the inlet steam temperature and pressure
Q.52 What is the primary function of a ‘heat exchanger’ in a cogeneration plant?
To convert electricity back into heat
To transfer waste heat from one fluid to another for useful purposes
To store excess electricity
To cool down the generator
Explanation - Heat exchangers capture waste heat and transfer it to processes such as heating or steam generation.
Correct answer is: To transfer waste heat from one fluid to another for useful purposes
Q.53 Which of the following is a typical indicator that a motor is operating at a low efficiency point?
Motor runs at rated speed with full load
High slip and low power factor
Low operating temperature
Absence of vibrations
Explanation - Excess slip and lagging power factor often indicate that the motor is not operating efficiently.
Correct answer is: High slip and low power factor
Q.54 In the context of industrial energy management, what does the term ‘energy‑saving opportunity (ESO)’ refer to?
A potential reduction in energy use identified during an audit
A mandatory government regulation
A type of renewable energy technology
A financial loan for new equipment
Explanation - ESOs are specific actions or upgrades that could lead to measurable energy savings.
Correct answer is: A potential reduction in energy use identified during an audit
Q.55 Which of the following would most directly reduce the electricity demand of a large‑scale air‑compression system?
Installing larger air‑receiver tanks
Increasing the inlet pressure of compressors
Reducing system leaks and using variable‑speed drives
Operating all compressors at full load continuously
Explanation - Leak reduction eliminates waste, while VSDs match compressor speed to demand, both lowering demand.
Correct answer is: Reducing system leaks and using variable‑speed drives
Q.56 Which of the following is a key component of a ‘smart grid’ that benefits industrial energy management?
Fixed‑rate electricity tariffs
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
Manual switchboards
Physical isolation of the plant from the grid
Explanation - AMI provides two‑way communication and granular data, enabling better demand response and monitoring.
Correct answer is: Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
Q.57 What is the primary purpose of a ‘thermal imaging camera’ in an industrial energy audit?
To measure acoustic noise levels
To detect heat losses and insulation defects
To count the number of machines
To monitor employee attendance
Explanation - Thermal imaging visualizes temperature variations, revealing areas of heat loss that can be addressed.
Correct answer is: To detect heat losses and insulation defects
Q.58 Which of the following methods is most appropriate for estimating the annual energy savings from installing a VSD on a pump?
Using the pump affinity laws with expected flow reduction
Measuring the motor’s nameplate power rating only
Assuming a flat 10 % reduction for all pumps
Counting the number of pumps installed
Explanation - Affinity laws relate pump speed to flow, head, and power, allowing accurate savings estimation.
Correct answer is: Using the pump affinity laws with expected flow reduction
Q.59 In industrial energy management, which of the following is considered a ‘soft’ energy conservation measure?
Installing high‑efficiency motors
Upgrading lighting to LEDs
Employee training and awareness programs
Replacing boilers with higher‑efficiency models
Explanation - Soft measures involve behavioral or procedural changes rather than physical equipment upgrades.
Correct answer is: Employee training and awareness programs
Q.60 Which of the following is a common reason for a plant’s power factor to deteriorate over time?
Installation of new capacitors
Aging of inductive loads such as motors and transformers
Increasing the supply voltage
Switching to DC power
Explanation - As inductive equipment ages, their reactive power demand can increase, lowering the overall power factor.
Correct answer is: Aging of inductive loads such as motors and transformers
Q.61 Which of the following best describes ‘energy accounting’ in an industrial context?
Recording the number of employees per department
Tracking energy consumption, costs, and savings across the organization
Calculating the total weight of raw materials used
Measuring the temperature of process streams
Explanation - Energy accounting provides a systematic way to monitor and report energy usage and financial impacts.
Correct answer is: Tracking energy consumption, costs, and savings across the organization
Q.62 Which of the following actions is most likely to reduce the auxiliary power consumption of a large‑scale dryer?
Increasing the dryer inlet air temperature
Installing a heat recovery system to reuse exhaust heat
Operating the dryer at full capacity continuously
Replacing the dryer with a larger one
Explanation - Recovered heat can pre‑heat incoming air, reducing the energy needed for drying.
Correct answer is: Installing a heat recovery system to reuse exhaust heat
Q.63 Which of the following is a typical characteristic of a ‘high‑efficiency’ industrial motor?
Operating at a very low voltage
Having a high efficiency class (IE3 or IE4)
Being larger than a standard motor of the same power rating
Running at a fixed speed only
Explanation - IE3 and IE4 motors meet stricter efficiency standards, consuming less electricity for the same output.
Correct answer is: Having a high efficiency class (IE3 or IE4)
Q.64 What is the main advantage of using a ‘heat‑pump‑based’ water heating system in an industrial process over direct electric resistance heating?
Higher operating temperatures
Lower initial capital cost
Higher coefficient of performance (COP) resulting in less electricity use per unit of heat
No need for a refrigerant
Explanation - Heat pumps move heat rather than generate it, providing more heating output per unit of electricity.
Correct answer is: Higher coefficient of performance (COP) resulting in less electricity use per unit of heat
Q.65 Which of the following is the most accurate method for determining the baseline energy consumption for a new production line?
Using the plant’s overall average consumption
Applying a generic industry factor
Conducting a detailed simulation or monitoring during a trial run
Estimating based on the number of workers
Explanation - A trial run provides real data that reflects the line’s specific energy profile, giving an accurate baseline.
Correct answer is: Conducting a detailed simulation or monitoring during a trial run
Q.66 Which of the following best explains the term ‘energy‑performance contract’ (EPC) in industry?
A contract where an energy service company (ESCO) guarantees a certain level of energy savings and is paid from the realized savings
A lease agreement for purchasing electricity
A legal agreement to limit emissions
A contract for the sale of renewable energy certificates
Explanation - EPCs transfer the performance risk to the ESCO, which is compensated based on achieved savings.
Correct answer is: A contract where an energy service company (ESCO) guarantees a certain level of energy savings and is paid from the realized savings
Q.67 In an industrial plant, which of the following equipment typically has the highest specific energy consumption (kWh/tonne)?
HVAC system
Compressed air system
Cement kiln
Office lighting
Explanation - Cement kilns require very high temperatures, resulting in high energy use per unit of product.
Correct answer is: Cement kiln
Q.68 Which of the following is a direct benefit of implementing a ‘continuous monitoring’ system for energy in an industrial facility?
Eliminating the need for maintenance staff
Detecting abnormal consumption patterns promptly
Reducing the need for safety equipment
Increasing the plant’s production capacity
Explanation - Continuous monitoring allows early identification of faults or inefficiencies, enabling quick corrective actions.
Correct answer is: Detecting abnormal consumption patterns promptly
Q.69 What does the term ‘load factor’ indicate about a plant’s electricity usage?
The ratio of maximum demand to average demand
The ratio of average demand to maximum demand
The total annual electricity cost
The amount of power lost due to resistance
Explanation - Load factor = average load ÷ peak load; a higher value indicates more consistent utilization of capacity.
Correct answer is: The ratio of average demand to maximum demand
Q.70 Which of the following is an example of a ‘cogeneration’ (CHP) system application in industry?
Using excess heat from a gas turbine to produce steam for a process
Installing solar panels on the roof
Replacing a diesel generator with a natural‑gas generator
Using wind turbines to generate electricity
Explanation - CHP captures waste heat from electricity generation for useful thermal applications, improving overall efficiency.
Correct answer is: Using excess heat from a gas turbine to produce steam for a process
Q.71 Which of the following is the most appropriate metric to evaluate the effectiveness of an energy‑saving project aimed at reducing HVAC consumption?
kWh per square metre of floor area per year
Number of HVAC units installed
Total cost of the HVAC system
Average temperature set‑point
Explanation - This metric normalizes energy use to the building size, allowing comparison before and after the project.
Correct answer is: kWh per square metre of floor area per year
Q.72 Which of the following measures can directly improve the overall plant efficiency by reducing the amount of wasted heat in a steel rolling mill?
Installing a regenerative furnace
Increasing the speed of the rolling mill
Using larger rolling rollers
Operating the mill at a lower temperature
Explanation - Regenerative furnaces capture and reuse heat from exhaust gases, lowering overall energy consumption.
Correct answer is: Installing a regenerative furnace
Q.73 What is the primary role of an 'energy manager' in an industrial organization?
To design new production lines
To develop and oversee the implementation of energy‑saving strategies and monitor performance
To handle human resources
To manage inventory
Explanation - An energy manager leads the systematic approach to improve energy efficiency across the plant.
Correct answer is: To develop and oversee the implementation of energy‑saving strategies and monitor performance
Q.74 Which of the following technologies enables 'demand‑side management' through automatic load reduction in response to utility signals?
Smart thermostats
Fixed‑speed induction motors
Manual switchboards
Analog voltage regulators
Explanation - Smart thermostats can receive signals and adjust set‑points or shut down non‑critical loads automatically.
Correct answer is: Smart thermostats
Q.75 In the context of industrial energy conservation, what does the term ‘retrofit’ mean?
Building a new plant from scratch
Upgrading existing equipment or systems to improve efficiency
Shutting down old machinery permanently
Changing the product line
Explanation - Retrofit involves installing newer, more efficient components into existing infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Upgrading existing equipment or systems to improve efficiency
Q.76 Which of the following is a common method to reduce the energy consumption of a large‑scale industrial dryer?
Increasing the inlet air temperature
Adding more drying stages
Recovering and reusing the latent heat from exhaust air
Operating the dryer continuously without breaks
Explanation - Heat recovery reduces the need for fresh heating energy, lowering overall consumption.
Correct answer is: Recovering and reusing the latent heat from exhaust air
Q.77 What does the term ‘energy‑intensity ratio’ compare in an industrial process?
Energy consumption per unit of labor
Energy consumption per unit of product output
Energy consumption per unit of raw material
Energy consumption per unit of water used
Explanation - The energy‑intensity ratio normalizes energy use to the amount of product produced.
Correct answer is: Energy consumption per unit of product output
Q.78 Which of the following actions is most effective for reducing the standby power consumption of industrial equipment?
Installing automatic disconnects that turn off power when equipment is idle
Running all equipment at full load at all times
Increasing the voltage supplied to the equipment
Adding more lighting near the equipment
Explanation - Automatic disconnects eliminate phantom loads, significantly cutting standby power draw.
Correct answer is: Installing automatic disconnects that turn off power when equipment is idle
Q.79 Which of the following is a key benefit of applying Six Sigma methodology to energy management projects?
It guarantees zero energy consumption
It provides a structured approach to identify, measure, and eliminate energy waste
It replaces the need for any technical expertise
It reduces the need for capital investment
Explanation - Six Sigma’s DMAIC process helps systematically improve energy performance and reduce variability.
Correct answer is: It provides a structured approach to identify, measure, and eliminate energy waste
Q.80 In an industrial plant, which of the following is typically the largest source of non‑process electricity consumption?
Motors driving the production line
Lighting and office equipment
Compressed air system
HVAC systems
Explanation - Compressed air often accounts for a significant portion of auxiliary electricity use if not properly managed.
Correct answer is: Compressed air system
Q.81 What is the most common unit used to express the energy consumption of a large industrial facility?
Kilowatt‑hours (kWh)
British Thermal Units (BTU)
Joules (J)
Kilograms (kg)
Explanation - kWh is the standard unit for electrical energy consumption reporting and billing.
Correct answer is: Kilowatt‑hours (kWh)
Q.82 Which of the following best describes a ‘heat‑integrated’ process in an industrial plant?
A process that uses only electricity for heating
A process where waste heat from one unit is used to supply heat to another unit
A process that operates at ambient temperature
A process that does not require any heating
Explanation - Heat integration improves overall plant efficiency by reusing internal heat streams.
Correct answer is: A process where waste heat from one unit is used to supply heat to another unit
Q.83 Which of the following is a typical indicator that a plant’s electrical distribution system needs upgrading?
Frequent tripping of circuit breakers due to overload
Low ambient temperature in the plant
High number of employees
Excessive lighting in office areas
Explanation - Repeated overload trips signal that the existing infrastructure cannot handle the current load demand.
Correct answer is: Frequent tripping of circuit breakers due to overload
Q.84 Which of the following is the most appropriate method for allocating the cost of a shared utility meter to multiple production lines?
Dividing the cost equally among all lines
Allocating based on each line’s measured energy consumption using sub‑meters
Assigning the cost to the line with the highest production volume
Charging the cost to the administrative department
Explanation - Sub‑metering provides accurate usage data, ensuring fair cost distribution.
Correct answer is: Allocating based on each line’s measured energy consumption using sub‑meters
Q.85 What is the primary advantage of using a ‘real‑time energy monitoring system’ (EMS) in an industrial facility?
It eliminates the need for any human operators
It provides instantaneous visibility of energy use, enabling quick corrective actions
It automatically reduces production output to save energy
It replaces the need for maintenance
Explanation - Real‑time data helps detect abnormal consumption, allowing immediate response and optimization.
Correct answer is: It provides instantaneous visibility of energy use, enabling quick corrective actions
Q.86 Which of the following is a typical feature of a ‘demand response’ (DR) event for an industrial customer?
The utility pays the customer to increase its electricity usage
The customer reduces or shifts its load in response to a signal from the utility
The customer must shut down all operations permanently
The utility installs new equipment at the plant
Explanation - DR events incentivize customers to lower demand during grid stress periods, often with financial compensation.
Correct answer is: The customer reduces or shifts its load in response to a signal from the utility
Q.87 Which of the following is a key advantage of implementing a ‘heat‑pump‑driven’ HVAC system in a large industrial building?
It eliminates the need for any electricity
It can provide both heating and cooling with a COP greater than 1, improving overall energy efficiency
It requires no maintenance
It operates only at very low temperatures
Explanation - Heat pumps move heat rather than generate it, offering efficient heating and cooling in a single system.
Correct answer is: It can provide both heating and cooling with a COP greater than 1, improving overall energy efficiency
Q.88 Which of the following best defines ‘energy‑intensity index’ (EII) for a manufacturing plant?
Total annual electricity cost divided by the number of employees
Energy consumption per unit of product output
Peak demand divided by average demand
Total number of machines multiplied by their rated power
Explanation - EII normalizes energy use to production volume, allowing comparison across time or facilities.
Correct answer is: Energy consumption per unit of product output
Q.89 Which of the following actions is most likely to improve the overall efficiency of a large‑scale industrial chiller system?
Increasing the chilled water set‑point temperature
Running the chiller at full capacity 24/7
Reducing the condenser water flow rate
Installing a larger evaporator
Explanation - A higher set‑point reduces the temperature lift and the compressor work required, saving energy.
Correct answer is: Increasing the chilled water set‑point temperature
Q.90 In the context of energy management, what does the abbreviation ‘GWP’ stand for?
Global Waste Production
Gross Working Power
Global Warming Potential
General Water Pressure
Explanation - GWP quantifies the relative heat‑trapping ability of a greenhouse gas compared to CO₂ over a specific time horizon.
Correct answer is: Global Warming Potential
Q.91 Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce energy loss in a high‑voltage transmission line within a plant?
Increasing the line resistance
Reducing the operating voltage
Increasing the conductor cross‑section to lower resistance
Adding more transformers
Explanation - Larger conductors have lower resistance, reducing I²R losses in transmission.
Correct answer is: Increasing the conductor cross‑section to lower resistance
Q.92 Which of the following measures directly reduces the auxiliary power consumption of a large industrial furnace?
Installing better insulation on the furnace walls
Increasing the furnace operating temperature
Running the furnace at maximum capacity continuously
Using a larger fuel nozzle
Explanation - Improved insulation cuts heat losses, lowering the amount of auxiliary power needed to maintain temperature.
Correct answer is: Installing better insulation on the furnace walls
Q.93 Which of the following best describes a ‘load‑shedding’ strategy in an industrial plant?
Increasing the plant’s overall power demand
Intentionally disconnecting non‑critical loads during periods of high demand or grid stress
Adding more heavy‑load equipment
Operating all equipment at full capacity at all times
Explanation - Load shedding reduces peak demand, helping avoid demand charges and supporting grid reliability.
Correct answer is: Intentionally disconnecting non‑critical loads during periods of high demand or grid stress
Q.94 Which of the following is the most common reason for installing a power factor correction capacitor bank?
To increase the plant’s total power demand
To reduce reactive power drawn from the grid and improve power factor
To lower the plant’s voltage level
To replace the need for transformers
Explanation - Capacitor banks supply leading reactive power, offsetting the lagging reactive power of inductive loads.
Correct answer is: To reduce reactive power drawn from the grid and improve power factor
Q.95 Which of the following best defines the term ‘energy conservation measure’ (ECM) in an industrial context?
A mandatory regulation imposed by the government
A voluntary program to increase production speed
A specific action or technology implemented to reduce energy consumption
A financial audit of the company’s accounts
Explanation - ECMs are practical steps (e.g., equipment upgrades, process changes) designed to achieve energy savings.
Correct answer is: A specific action or technology implemented to reduce energy consumption
Q.96 Which of the following is a primary benefit of using a ‘heat‑recovery steam generator’ (HRSG) in a combined cycle power plant?
It increases the amount of fuel required
It captures waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust to produce additional steam, improving overall efficiency
It reduces the need for water treatment
It eliminates the need for a gas turbine
Explanation - HRSGs recover exhaust heat to generate steam for a steam turbine, raising plant efficiency.
Correct answer is: It captures waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust to produce additional steam, improving overall efficiency
Q.97 What is the most appropriate metric to assess the energy performance of an industrial lighting system?
Lumens per watt (lm/W)
Number of light fixtures
Length of wiring runs
Operating voltage
Explanation - lm/W measures how much light output is produced per unit of electrical power, indicating lighting efficiency.
Correct answer is: Lumens per watt (lm/W)
Q.98 Which of the following is a common cause of excessive energy consumption in an industrial compressed‑air system?
Operating the system at low pressure
Frequent maintenance of compressors
Air leaks in the distribution network
Using variable‑speed drives on compressors
Explanation - Leaks can waste a large portion of the energy used to compress air, making them a priority for reduction.
Correct answer is: Air leaks in the distribution network
Q.99 Which of the following best describes the term ‘energy‑efficiency ratio’ (EER) for a cooling device?
Cooling output (BTU/h) divided by electrical input (W)
Total cost of the device divided by its lifespan
Ratio of the device’s weight to its power rating
Number of cooling cycles per hour
Explanation - EER quantifies how effectively a cooling device converts electrical energy into cooling capacity.
Correct answer is: Cooling output (BTU/h) divided by electrical input (W)
Q.100 Which of the following is an example of a ‘process‑level’ energy‑saving opportunity in a petrochemical plant?
Replacing office lighting with LEDs
Optimizing the temperature set‑point of a distillation column
Installing a larger main transformer
Adding more parking spaces
Explanation - Process‑level measures target the core production steps, such as adjusting set‑points to reduce energy use.
Correct answer is: Optimizing the temperature set‑point of a distillation column
Q.101 Which of the following best explains why ‘peak shaving’ can reduce electricity costs for an industrial plant?
It increases the plant’s total energy consumption
It reduces the maximum demand recorded, lowering demand‑related charges
It eliminates the need for any electricity
It raises the plant’s power factor above 1
Explanation - Peak shaving limits the highest demand level, which is often a major component of the electricity bill.
Correct answer is: It reduces the maximum demand recorded, lowering demand‑related charges