Q.1 Which of the following is the primary objective of energy management?
Reduce energy consumption while maintaining performance
Increase energy consumption to boost production
Eliminate all energy use
Make energy prices higher
Explanation - Energy management seeks to use energy efficiently, reducing waste without compromising system performance or user comfort.
Correct answer is: Reduce energy consumption while maintaining performance
Q.2 What is a key component of an Energy Management System (EMS)?
Automatic meter reading (AMR)
High-speed internet connection
Central heating unit
Solar panel installation
Explanation - An EMS relies on accurate, timely data; AMR provides real-time consumption data critical for analysis.
Correct answer is: Automatic meter reading (AMR)
Q.3 Which law states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant?
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Law of conservation of mass
Newton's first law
Explanation - The first law expresses energy conservation in an isolated system, equating internal energy change with heat added and work done.
Correct answer is: First law of thermodynamics
Q.4 What does the term 'load shedding' refer to?
Reducing power supply during peak demand
Increasing power supply during peak demand
Installing additional power generators
Measuring energy consumption
Explanation - Load shedding limits supply to prevent grid overload, typically during peak usage times.
Correct answer is: Reducing power supply during peak demand
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT a typical energy conservation strategy?
Improved insulation
Use of energy‑efficient lighting
Increasing ventilation rates
Installing smart thermostats
Explanation - While ventilation is important for health, increasing it generally raises energy use unless controlled by smart systems.
Correct answer is: Increasing ventilation rates
Q.6 What is the purpose of a demand‑response program?
To reduce consumption during peak periods by incentivizing users
To increase energy supply during off‑peak times
To measure energy consumption only
To replace all traditional power plants with renewables
Explanation - Demand‑response programs shift or reduce load when the grid is stressed, saving costs and enhancing reliability.
Correct answer is: To reduce consumption during peak periods by incentivizing users
Q.7 Which of these is an example of passive solar design?
Large south‑facing windows with low‑E coating
Solar panels on the roof
Wind turbines on campus
Hydro‑electric dam
Explanation - Passive design uses building geometry and materials to naturally control solar gain, without mechanical systems.
Correct answer is: Large south‑facing windows with low‑E coating
Q.8 What does the term 'energy audit' entail?
Assessing building energy use and identifying savings opportunities
Testing the quality of drinking water
Analyzing structural integrity of a building
Measuring the noise levels in a facility
Explanation - An energy audit systematically reviews energy consumption, losses, and possible improvements.
Correct answer is: Assessing building energy use and identifying savings opportunities
Q.9 Which of the following best defines 'energy efficiency'?
Using less energy to perform the same task
Using more energy to increase production
Eliminating all energy waste
Generating energy from renewable sources only
Explanation - Energy efficiency means achieving the desired result with fewer energy inputs.
Correct answer is: Using less energy to perform the same task
Q.10 What is 'Peak Demand' in a power system?
Highest power usage during a defined period
Lowest power usage during a defined period
Average power consumption over a year
Total energy produced in a day
Explanation - Peak demand refers to the maximum load recorded over a specified period, crucial for grid sizing.
Correct answer is: Highest power usage during a defined period
Q.11 Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
Wind
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Explanation - Wind is replenished naturally and does not emit greenhouse gases during operation.
Correct answer is: Wind
Q.12 The term 'Grid Parity' refers to what?
The point where renewable energy costs equal conventional energy
The maximum voltage the grid can handle
The frequency at which the grid operates
The point where the grid can supply all consumers
Explanation - Grid parity means renewable energy production costs are competitive with conventional electricity.
Correct answer is: The point where renewable energy costs equal conventional energy
Q.13 Which device can directly reduce electricity usage in an office building?
Occupancy sensors for lights
LED bulbs
High‑power incandescent bulbs
Large decorative mirrors
Explanation - Sensors turn lights off when rooms are unoccupied, cutting unnecessary energy consumption.
Correct answer is: Occupancy sensors for lights
Q.14 What is the main purpose of a smart meter?
To provide real‑time consumption data to consumers
To increase billing errors
To generate electricity from solar panels
To regulate water pressure
Explanation - Smart meters enable consumers and utilities to monitor and manage usage actively.
Correct answer is: To provide real‑time consumption data to consumers
Q.15 Which of the following is NOT a factor considered in energy modeling?
Building envelope performance
Occupancy patterns
Color of interior paint
HVAC equipment efficiency
Explanation - Energy models focus on thermal properties, not aesthetics like paint color.
Correct answer is: Color of interior paint
Q.16 What does 'Energy Performance Contracting' involve?
Contracting for guaranteed energy savings by a provider
Contracting for energy procurement only
Contracting for building renovation only
Contracting for water usage reduction only
Explanation - EPCs involve a third party implementing measures with a guaranteed savings outcome.
Correct answer is: Contracting for guaranteed energy savings by a provider
Q.17 Which metric measures the amount of energy used per unit of output?
Energy Intensity
Energy Density
Energy Output
Energy Ratio
Explanation - Energy intensity is energy consumption divided by a measure of output, such as production volume.
Correct answer is: Energy Intensity
Q.18 Which of the following is a typical feature of a Building Energy Management System (BEMS)?
Centralized control of HVAC and lighting
Automatic irrigation scheduling
Automated door locks
Automated waste disposal
Explanation - BEMS integrates subsystems like HVAC, lighting, and power to optimize energy use.
Correct answer is: Centralized control of HVAC and lighting
Q.19 Which of these is a direct benefit of installing LED lighting?
Lower energy consumption
Higher maintenance costs
Shorter lifespan
Higher operating temperatures
Explanation - LEDs consume significantly less power and have longer lifespans compared to incandescent bulbs.
Correct answer is: Lower energy consumption
Q.20 What does 'Peak‑to‑Average Ratio' (PAR) indicate?
The ratio between maximum and average load
The ratio between renewable and non‑renewable generation
The ratio between indoor and outdoor temperatures
The ratio of electrical to thermal energy
Explanation - PAR reflects load variability; a high PAR indicates high peaks relative to average consumption.
Correct answer is: The ratio between maximum and average load
Q.21 Which of the following is a benefit of a time‑of‑use (TOU) electricity rate?
Encourages consumption during peak times
Encourages shifting load to off‑peak times
Increases overall electricity costs
Simplifies billing for utilities
Explanation - TOU rates charge more during peak periods, motivating consumers to shift usage.
Correct answer is: Encourages shifting load to off‑peak times
Q.22 Which of the following devices is specifically designed to reduce standby power consumption?
Power strip with on/off switch
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
Surge protector
Voltage regulator
Explanation - A power strip with a switch can cut off power to multiple devices, eliminating phantom loads.
Correct answer is: Power strip with on/off switch
Q.23 What is the primary advantage of using a variable‑speed fan motor?
Higher noise levels
Reduced power consumption
Longer motor life due to high speed
Increased airflow regardless of speed
Explanation - Variable‑speed motors adjust to required airflow, using less energy than constant‑speed motors.
Correct answer is: Reduced power consumption
Q.24 Which law of thermodynamics explains that some energy is lost as heat during conversion?
First law
Second law
Third law
Fourth law
Explanation - The second law introduces entropy, stating that not all input energy can be converted to useful work.
Correct answer is: Second law
Q.25 Which of these is a type of demand‑side management (DSM) strategy?
Energy conservation education
Energy subsidies
Fuel taxes
Power plant construction
Explanation - DSM includes measures to alter consumption patterns, such as education to reduce use.
Correct answer is: Energy conservation education
Q.26 What does the abbreviation 'PUE' stand for in data center energy terms?
Power Usage Effectiveness
Peak Usage Efficiency
Performance Utility Expenditure
Power Utilization Energy
Explanation - PUE is a ratio of total facility energy to IT equipment energy, indicating efficiency.
Correct answer is: Power Usage Effectiveness
Q.27 Which of the following is a key factor affecting the thermal performance of a building envelope?
Insulation R‑value
Number of occupants
Roof color
Type of flooring material
Explanation - Higher R‑value insulation reduces heat transfer through the envelope.
Correct answer is: Insulation R‑value
Q.28 What does 'cumulative energy consumption' refer to?
Energy used in a single minute
Energy used over a specified period
Average energy consumption per device
Energy produced by renewables only
Explanation - Cumulative consumption aggregates energy use over days, months, or years.
Correct answer is: Energy used over a specified period
Q.29 Which of the following is a primary source of heat loss in a cold climate building?
Ventilation losses
Solar gain
Electrical losses
Mechanical losses
Explanation - Ventilation exchanges indoor air with cold outdoor air, causing heat loss if uncontrolled.
Correct answer is: Ventilation losses
Q.30 Which of the following is a renewable energy certification program for buildings?
LEED
ISO 50001
NFPA 70E
ANSI A117.1
Explanation - LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) evaluates sustainable building practices.
Correct answer is: LEED
Q.31 Which metric expresses energy efficiency in terms of units per dollar spent?
Energy cost per unit
Energy savings index
Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
Utility cost ratio
Explanation - Energy cost per unit measures the cost effectiveness of energy consumption.
Correct answer is: Energy cost per unit
Q.32 Which of the following is a primary benefit of using a heat‑recovery ventilator (HRV)?
Increases indoor temperature
Recovers heat from exhaust air to pre‑heat incoming air
Reduces indoor humidity
Increases energy consumption
Explanation - HRVs transfer heat from outgoing stale air to incoming fresh air, saving HVAC energy.
Correct answer is: Recovers heat from exhaust air to pre‑heat incoming air
Q.33 Which of these is a method to reduce lighting energy consumption during daylight hours?
Daylight harvesting with sensors
Installing more bulbs
Using incandescent bulbs
Turning off daylight sensors
Explanation - Sensors detect daylight and dim or turn off artificial lights to save energy.
Correct answer is: Daylight harvesting with sensors
Q.34 What does the term 'energy stewardship' most closely refer to?
Active management of energy consumption and waste
Passive use of energy without consideration
Selling excess energy to neighbors
Increasing energy usage for economic growth
Explanation - Energy stewardship involves conscious planning and actions to reduce waste and improve efficiency.
Correct answer is: Active management of energy consumption and waste
Q.35 Which of the following best defines 'Peak‑to‑Average Ratio' (PAR)?
The ratio of peak power to average power consumption
The ratio of energy saved to total energy used
The ratio of renewable energy to total energy
The ratio of battery capacity to peak load
Explanation - PAR reflects load variability: a higher ratio indicates more pronounced peaks.
Correct answer is: The ratio of peak power to average power consumption
Q.36 Which of the following is an example of a 'smart' device that can help with energy conservation?
Smart thermostat
Traditional incandescent bulb
Manual dimmer switch
Unpowered LED lamp
Explanation - Smart thermostats adapt heating/cooling based on occupancy and schedule, reducing waste.
Correct answer is: Smart thermostat
Q.37 What is the purpose of a 'utility bill analysis'?
To identify patterns and anomalies in energy use
To increase billing frequency
To calculate water usage
To determine heating fuel type
Explanation - Bill analysis helps spot irregularities and opportunities for cost savings.
Correct answer is: To identify patterns and anomalies in energy use
Q.38 Which of the following best describes 'thermal mass' in a building?
Materials that store heat and release it slowly
Materials that insulate against heat
Materials that generate heat
Materials that reflect solar radiation
Explanation - Thermal mass, like concrete, absorbs heat during the day and releases it at night, stabilizing indoor temperatures.
Correct answer is: Materials that store heat and release it slowly
Q.39 What is the primary reason for installing a 'heat‑pump' in a building?
To transfer heat between indoor and outdoor air efficiently
To produce electricity
To provide direct heating only
To reduce water pressure
Explanation - Heat pumps move heat rather than generate it, providing energy‑efficient heating and cooling.
Correct answer is: To transfer heat between indoor and outdoor air efficiently
Q.40 Which of the following is a typical component of an energy performance contracting (EPC) agreement?
Guaranteed savings target
Construction of new building
Installation of non‑energy equipment
Regular marketing campaigns
Explanation - EPCs rely on a promised savings figure for the contractor to be compensated.
Correct answer is: Guaranteed savings target
Q.41 Which of these is considered a 'non‑renewable' energy source?
Coal
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Explanation - Coal is a fossil fuel that depletes over geological time and emits CO₂.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.42 Which of the following is a measure of energy efficiency for air‑conditioners?
Coefficient of performance (COP)
Thermal conductivity
Electrical resistance
Mass density
Explanation - COP = cooling output / electrical input, indicating efficiency.
Correct answer is: Coefficient of performance (COP)
Q.43 What does the term 'load factor' represent?
Average load divided by peak load over a period
Peak load divided by average load
Total energy used divided by time period
Ratio of renewable energy to total energy
Explanation - Load factor indicates how evenly a load is distributed over time.
Correct answer is: Average load divided by peak load over a period
Q.44 Which of the following is a passive heating strategy for a building?
South‑facing windows with thermal mass
Solar panels on the roof
Geothermal heat pumps
Wind turbines
Explanation - Passive strategies use natural sources without mechanical aid, such as solar gain.
Correct answer is: South‑facing windows with thermal mass
Q.45 Which of these devices can help reduce the 'phantom load' of electronics?
Smart power strip
Standard outlet
Heavy‑load generator
Battery charger
Explanation - Smart power strips shut off power when devices are not in use, cutting standby consumption.
Correct answer is: Smart power strip
Q.46 Which of the following best describes 'energy benchmarking'?
Comparing a building's performance against similar facilities
Measuring energy usage of a single device
Testing the structural integrity of a building
Calculating the cost of energy per square foot
Explanation - Benchmarking identifies relative performance to set improvement goals.
Correct answer is: Comparing a building's performance against similar facilities
Q.47 What is the main advantage of variable frequency drives (VFDs) in motor applications?
They reduce energy consumption by adjusting speed
They increase power consumption for reliability
They provide higher noise levels
They are used only in HVAC fans
Explanation - VFDs allow motors to run at lower speeds for partial loads, saving energy.
Correct answer is: They reduce energy consumption by adjusting speed
Q.48 Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy generation method?
Wind turbines
Coal combustion
Natural gas boilers
Diesel generators
Explanation - Wind turbines convert kinetic wind energy into electricity without depleting resources.
Correct answer is: Wind turbines
Q.49 What does 'energy intensity' measure?
Energy use per unit of economic output
Energy production per unit of area
Energy consumption per building area
Both A and C
Explanation - Energy intensity can refer to energy per GDP or per square meter, indicating efficiency.
Correct answer is: Both A and C
Q.50 Which of the following is a common indicator of energy waste in HVAC systems?
Unbalanced air distribution
Excessive fan speed
Proper filter maintenance
Low humidity control
Explanation - Uneven airflow can lead to over‑cooling or heating of spaces, wasting energy.
Correct answer is: Unbalanced air distribution
Q.51 Which of these is NOT typically a component of a building’s energy management plan?
Load monitoring
Water usage analysis
Insulation assessment
Lighting upgrade strategy
Explanation - Water usage is separate from energy; however, it can be part of a sustainability plan.
Correct answer is: Water usage analysis
Q.52 Which of these best describes the role of a 'control zone' in HVAC design?
A spatial area with its own temperature setpoint
A zone where no heating is allowed
A place for energy storage
A zone dedicated to renewable energy sources
Explanation - Control zones allow localized temperature control for energy savings.
Correct answer is: A spatial area with its own temperature setpoint
Q.53 Which of the following is an example of a 'smart' lighting fixture?
LED bulb with motion sensor
Incandescent bulb
Fluorescent tube
Halogen lamp
Explanation - Smart lighting automatically adjusts or turns off based on occupancy, reducing waste.
Correct answer is: LED bulb with motion sensor
Q.54 What does 'cumulative load factor' calculate?
The sum of peak loads divided by the total operating hours
Average load divided by peak load
Total energy consumption over a year
Ratio of renewable to non‑renewable energy
Explanation - Cumulative load factor considers all peaks over time for overall grid sizing.
Correct answer is: The sum of peak loads divided by the total operating hours
Q.55 Which of the following best describes 'energy return on investment' (EROI)?
Ratio of energy produced to energy invested
Energy saved per dollar invested
Total energy consumption of a building
Energy used by the power plant per unit of output
Explanation - EROI measures the efficiency of energy projects by comparing output to input energy.
Correct answer is: Ratio of energy produced to energy invested
Q.56 Which of these is a typical outcome of a comprehensive energy audit?
Recommendations for energy savings
New HVAC system design only
Only cost analysis of equipment
Detailed building schematics
Explanation - An audit identifies inefficiencies and suggests improvement measures.
Correct answer is: Recommendations for energy savings
Q.57 Which of the following best illustrates a 'smart grid' concept?
Two‑wire power lines without monitoring
Real‑time data exchange between utilities and consumers
Fixed tariff rates for all customers
Manual meter reading every quarter
Explanation - A smart grid uses digital communication to optimize distribution and demand.
Correct answer is: Real‑time data exchange between utilities and consumers
Q.58 Which of the following is a commonly used standard for energy management in organizations?
ISO 50001
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
ISO 27001
Explanation - ISO 50001 provides a framework for establishing an effective energy management system.
Correct answer is: ISO 50001
Q.59 Which of the following is NOT a typical measure to reduce HVAC energy consumption?
Improved duct sealing
Using larger HVAC units
Implementing demand‑side management
Installing variable speed drives
Explanation - Oversized equipment runs inefficiently, wasting energy.
Correct answer is: Using larger HVAC units
Q.60 Which of the following best explains 'energy cost recovery' in an EPC?
Recovering savings to compensate the contractor
Recovering costs of utilities from consumers
Recovering construction costs from the building owner
Recovering lost revenue from electricity tariffs
Explanation - In EPCs, the contractor's compensation is tied to the energy savings achieved.
Correct answer is: Recovering savings to compensate the contractor
Q.61 What is the main advantage of using high‑efficiency LED bulbs over incandescent bulbs?
Lower energy consumption
Higher heat output
Shorter lifespan
Higher initial cost
Explanation - LED bulbs use a fraction of the energy of incandescents while producing the same light.
Correct answer is: Lower energy consumption
Q.62 Which of the following is a typical application for a heat‑pump system?
Space heating and cooling
Direct electricity generation
Water purification
Waste disposal
Explanation - Heat pumps move heat rather than generate it, making them efficient for climate control.
Correct answer is: Space heating and cooling
Q.63 Which of these best describes a 'baseline' in energy performance analysis?
The energy usage data used for comparison
The maximum energy consumption ever recorded
The projected future energy consumption
The energy consumption of a competitor
Explanation - A baseline sets a reference point against which improvements are measured.
Correct answer is: The energy usage data used for comparison
Q.64 What is the purpose of 'energy benchmarking' tools like ENERGY STAR?
To compare building performance with similar facilities
To install new equipment in buildings
To schedule maintenance
To measure water quality
Explanation - Benchmarking helps identify areas for improvement by comparing against peers.
Correct answer is: To compare building performance with similar facilities
Q.65 Which of the following best illustrates a 'smart load control' strategy?
Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Installing more incandescent bulbs
Increasing electrical outlets
Adding additional generators
Explanation - Smart load control shifts high‑power operations to less expensive time periods.
Correct answer is: Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Q.66 Which of these is an example of a 'carbon offset' in energy management?
Purchasing credits that represent emissions avoided elsewhere
Installing more electrical panels
Increasing building occupancy
Building a new data center
Explanation - Offsets compensate for emissions by supporting projects that reduce or remove CO₂.
Correct answer is: Purchasing credits that represent emissions avoided elsewhere
Q.67 Which of the following best describes 'energy procurement' in a corporate context?
Selecting energy suppliers and negotiating rates
Installing solar panels on a building
Installing energy‑efficient appliances
Replacing all mechanical systems
Explanation - Procurement involves sourcing energy at favorable terms to reduce costs.
Correct answer is: Selecting energy suppliers and negotiating rates
Q.68 Which of the following best describes a 'load factor' of 0.75?
Average load is 75% of peak load
Peak load is 75% of average load
The load is 75% of the building size
The load is 75% of the utility capacity
Explanation - Load factor = average load / peak load; 0.75 means the average is 75% of the peak.
Correct answer is: Average load is 75% of peak load
Q.69 Which of these is a typical energy‑saving measure for office spaces?
Installing occupancy sensors for lights
Adding extra office chairs
Installing larger HVAC units
Installing more windows for natural light
Explanation - Sensors reduce unnecessary lighting, lowering electricity consumption.
Correct answer is: Installing occupancy sensors for lights
Q.70 Which of the following is an example of a 'passive' solar heating technique?
Solar water heaters
Solar panels
Solar air heaters
Solar thermal collectors
Explanation - Solar thermal collectors absorb heat passively and transfer it to a fluid.
Correct answer is: Solar thermal collectors
Q.71 What does the acronym 'PUE' represent in data center operations?
Power Usage Effectiveness
Peak Usage Efficiency
Power Utilization Energy
Performance Utility Expenditure
Explanation - PUE measures overall data center energy efficiency: total energy / IT energy.
Correct answer is: Power Usage Effectiveness
Q.72 Which of these is an example of a 'demand‑response' event?
Temporarily reducing HVAC output during peak hours
Increasing water supply during a drought
Adding new solar panels on a roof
Installing more lights in a hallway
Explanation - Demand‑response events reduce load during high demand to stabilize the grid.
Correct answer is: Temporarily reducing HVAC output during peak hours
Q.73 Which of the following best describes an 'energy‑efficient' HVAC system?
One that uses the least amount of power to provide a given level of service
One that consumes the most power for maximum output
One that uses fossil fuels exclusively
One that is only used during winter
Explanation - Energy efficiency is defined by delivering required performance with minimal energy.
Correct answer is: One that uses the least amount of power to provide a given level of service
Q.74 Which of these is a common method to reduce energy usage in data centers?
Improving cooling efficiency
Increasing server density without cooling
Adding more power supplies
Increasing lighting levels
Explanation - Cooling accounts for a large portion of data center energy; efficiency improves overall savings.
Correct answer is: Improving cooling efficiency
Q.75 What does 'Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)' measure?
Cooling output per electrical input
Lighting output per watt
Heating output per unit of fuel
Power consumption per square foot
Explanation - EER = BTU of cooling / watt of electricity; higher values indicate more efficient units.
Correct answer is: Cooling output per electrical input
Q.76 Which of these is a primary benefit of a smart building system?
Automated energy optimization and cost savings
Manual control of all systems
Increased complexity of maintenance
Higher energy consumption
Explanation - Smart systems use data and automation to improve efficiency and reduce waste.
Correct answer is: Automated energy optimization and cost savings
Q.77 Which of the following best describes 'load shedding' in an industrial plant?
Shutting down non‑essential equipment during peak demand
Increasing production to meet demand
Installing additional generators
Reducing raw material input
Explanation - Load shedding reduces peak load by temporarily disconnecting non‑critical loads.
Correct answer is: Shutting down non‑essential equipment during peak demand
Q.78 Which of these is an example of a 'demand‑side management' technique?
Installing high‑efficiency lighting
Building more transmission lines
Installing solar panels on rooftops
Installing new wind turbines
Explanation - Demand‑side management includes measures that reduce or shift energy consumption.
Correct answer is: Installing high‑efficiency lighting
Q.79 Which of these best describes a 'smart thermostat'?
A thermostat that adjusts temperature based on occupancy and schedule
A thermostat that requires manual adjustments only
A thermostat that does not connect to the internet
A thermostat that only measures temperature
Explanation - Smart thermostats automate temperature control, reducing energy waste.
Correct answer is: A thermostat that adjusts temperature based on occupancy and schedule
Q.80 Which of these is NOT typically part of an energy audit report?
Energy consumption analysis
List of potential savings actions
Detailed building renovation plans
Recommendations for equipment upgrades
Explanation - Audits focus on energy, not full architectural redesign.
Correct answer is: Detailed building renovation plans
Q.81 What is 'load profile' in energy management?
Graph of energy consumption over time
List of all devices in a building
Plan for future construction
The maximum capacity of a transformer
Explanation - Load profiles help identify peak times and patterns for better management.
Correct answer is: Graph of energy consumption over time
Q.82 Which of the following is an example of 'energy conservation' measure?
Installing a smart lighting system
Adding more light fixtures
Installing a new heating system with higher capacity
Increasing building occupancy
Explanation - Smart systems reduce unnecessary energy use by optimizing lighting schedules.
Correct answer is: Installing a smart lighting system
Q.83 Which of these represents the most cost-effective source of energy in most modern buildings?
Solar photovoltaic panels
Conventional diesel generators
Coal-fired power plants
Nuclear reactors
Explanation - Solar PV has become highly cost‑competitive, especially in sunny regions.
Correct answer is: Solar photovoltaic panels
Q.84 Which of the following is a primary benefit of using variable‑speed fans in HVAC systems?
Lower energy consumption during partial load
Higher noise levels
Increased maintenance cost
Reduced airflow control
Explanation - Variable‑speed fans adjust to the exact airflow needed, reducing waste.
Correct answer is: Lower energy consumption during partial load
Q.85 Which of the following best describes 'energy benchmarking'?
Comparing a building's energy use with similar buildings
Measuring the energy of a single device
Calculating the building's total energy use only
Monitoring the battery life of electronic devices
Explanation - Benchmarking identifies where a building stands relative to peers for improvement.
Correct answer is: Comparing a building's energy use with similar buildings
Q.86 Which of the following is an example of a 'demand‑response' event?
Shutting down non‑essential equipment during peak demand
Installing additional lights in a hallway
Adding more servers to a data center
Installing a new HVAC unit
Explanation - Demand‑response events temporarily reduce load to support grid stability.
Correct answer is: Shutting down non‑essential equipment during peak demand
Q.87 What is the primary purpose of a 'utility bill analysis'?
Identify patterns and anomalies in energy use
Increase billing frequency
Calculate water usage
Determine heating fuel type
Explanation - Bill analysis helps spot irregularities and opportunities for cost savings.
Correct answer is: Identify patterns and anomalies in energy use
Q.88 Which of the following is an example of an 'energy‑efficient' lighting option?
LED bulbs
Incandescent bulbs
Halogen bulbs
CFL bulbs
Explanation - LEDs consume less power and have a longer lifespan compared to traditional bulbs.
Correct answer is: LED bulbs
Q.89 Which of the following best represents a 'smart' device for energy conservation?
Smart thermostat
Manual dimmer switch
Incandescent bulb
Unpowered LED lamp
Explanation - Smart thermostats adjust heating/cooling automatically based on usage patterns.
Correct answer is: Smart thermostat
Q.90 Which of the following is a key benefit of installing heat‑recovery ventilation systems?
Reduced heating costs by recovering waste heat
Increased humidity
Higher energy consumption
Higher ventilation rates
Explanation - Heat‑recovery ventilators transfer heat from exhaust to incoming air, saving energy.
Correct answer is: Reduced heating costs by recovering waste heat
Q.91 Which of the following is a typical outcome of an energy audit?
Recommendations for energy savings
Construction of new building
Only cost analysis of equipment
Detailed building schematics
Explanation - An audit identifies inefficiencies and proposes improvements.
Correct answer is: Recommendations for energy savings
Q.92 Which of these best illustrates an 'energy‑saving' strategy?
Installing a smart lighting system
Adding more light fixtures
Installing a new heating system with higher capacity
Increasing building occupancy
Explanation - Smart lighting reduces unnecessary consumption by adjusting to occupancy.
Correct answer is: Installing a smart lighting system
Q.93 Which of these is NOT typically part of a building energy management plan?
Load monitoring
Water usage analysis
Insulation assessment
Lighting upgrade strategy
Explanation - Water usage is a separate resource, though sometimes combined in sustainability plans.
Correct answer is: Water usage analysis
Q.94 Which of these is a measure to reduce 'phantom load' in an office environment?
Using a power strip with an on/off switch
Installing more light fixtures
Adding additional outlets
Installing a larger HVAC unit
Explanation - Power strips allow complete shutdown of devices, cutting standby power use.
Correct answer is: Using a power strip with an on/off switch
Q.95 Which of the following best describes 'energy benchmarking'?
Comparing a building's energy use with similar buildings
Measuring the energy of a single device
Calculating the building's total energy use only
Monitoring the battery life of electronic devices
Explanation - Benchmarking helps identify relative performance and improvement opportunities.
Correct answer is: Comparing a building's energy use with similar buildings
Q.96 Which of the following is a commonly used metric for data center energy efficiency?
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
Thermal conductivity
Electrical resistance
Mass density
Explanation - PUE = total facility energy / IT equipment energy, indicating overall efficiency.
Correct answer is: Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
Q.97 Which of the following best describes 'demand‑side management' (DSM)?
Strategies that alter consumer energy use
Increasing the capacity of power plants
Installing more wind turbines
Expanding transmission lines
Explanation - DSM includes conservation, load shifting, and efficiency measures.
Correct answer is: Strategies that alter consumer energy use
Q.98 Which of these is a benefit of using high‑efficiency LEDs instead of incandescent bulbs?
Lower energy consumption
Higher heat output
Shorter lifespan
Higher initial cost
Explanation - LEDs use far less power and last longer than incandescent bulbs.
Correct answer is: Lower energy consumption
Q.99 Which of these is NOT an advantage of smart building technologies?
Automated energy optimization
Higher maintenance complexity
Real‑time monitoring
Potential for cost savings
Explanation - While smart systems require maintenance, the overall benefit is greater efficiency and savings.
Correct answer is: Higher maintenance complexity
Q.100 Which of the following best illustrates a 'smart load control' approach?
Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Installing more incandescent bulbs
Increasing electrical outlets
Adding additional generators
Explanation - Smart load control shifts high‑energy operations to cheaper times.
Correct answer is: Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Q.101 Which of the following is a primary benefit of using high‑efficiency HVAC equipment?
Reduced operating cost and energy consumption
Higher noise levels
Higher upfront cost
Increased maintenance requirements
Explanation - Efficient HVAC units consume less energy for the same thermal output.
Correct answer is: Reduced operating cost and energy consumption
Q.102 Which of these is a typical outcome of an Energy Management System (EMS) implementation?
Automated energy usage monitoring and control
Increased energy consumption
Installation of new generators
Decreased data collection frequency
Explanation - EMS centralizes monitoring, analysis, and control of building systems.
Correct answer is: Automated energy usage monitoring and control
Q.103 What does the acronym 'ISO 50001' refer to?
International standard for energy management systems
Standard for water quality
Standard for fire safety
Standard for data security
Explanation - ISO 50001 provides a framework for continuous energy performance improvement.
Correct answer is: International standard for energy management systems
Q.104 Which of these best describes a 'smart thermostat' function?
Adjusts temperature based on occupancy and schedule
Remains on all the time
Only measures temperature
Requires manual adjustments only
Explanation - Smart thermostats automate temperature control for efficiency.
Correct answer is: Adjusts temperature based on occupancy and schedule
Q.105 Which of these is an example of a renewable energy source?
Wind power
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Explanation - Wind is renewable and emits no greenhouse gases during operation.
Correct answer is: Wind power
Q.106 Which of these is a measure to reduce peak load?
Implementing demand‑response programs
Installing additional lights
Increasing building occupancy
Adding more HVAC units
Explanation - Demand‑response reduces load during critical peak periods.
Correct answer is: Implementing demand‑response programs
Q.107 What does PUE stand for in data center terminology?
Power Usage Effectiveness
Peak Usage Efficiency
Power Utilization Energy
Performance Utility Expenditure
Explanation - PUE = total facility energy / IT equipment energy, measuring overall efficiency.
Correct answer is: Power Usage Effectiveness
Q.108 Which of the following best describes a 'demand‑response' event?
Shutting down non‑essential equipment during peak demand
Installing additional lights in a hallway
Adding more servers to a data center
Installing a new HVAC unit
Explanation - Demand‑response temporarily reduces load to support grid stability.
Correct answer is: Shutting down non‑essential equipment during peak demand
Q.109 Which of the following is a common metric for HVAC energy efficiency?
Coefficient of performance (COP)
Thermal conductivity
Electrical resistance
Mass density
Explanation - COP = cooling output / electrical input; higher COP indicates better efficiency.
Correct answer is: Coefficient of performance (COP)
Q.110 Which of the following is NOT typically part of an energy management plan?
Load monitoring
Water usage analysis
Insulation assessment
Lighting upgrade strategy
Explanation - Water usage is separate from energy management but sometimes included in sustainability plans.
Correct answer is: Water usage analysis
Q.111 Which of these best describes a 'smart building' system?
Automated energy optimization and real‑time monitoring
Manual control of all building systems
Increased maintenance complexity
Higher energy consumption
Explanation - Smart buildings use sensors and controls to improve efficiency and reduce waste.
Correct answer is: Automated energy optimization and real‑time monitoring
Q.112 Which of the following is a typical outcome of an energy audit?
Recommendations for energy savings
Construction of new building
Only cost analysis of equipment
Detailed building schematics
Explanation - Audits identify inefficiencies and propose improvements.
Correct answer is: Recommendations for energy savings
Q.113 What is the purpose of a 'baseline' in energy performance analysis?
The reference point for energy consumption comparison
The maximum energy usage recorded
The projected future consumption
The consumption of a competitor
Explanation - A baseline provides a benchmark against which energy improvements are measured.
Correct answer is: The reference point for energy consumption comparison
Q.114 Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?
Coal
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Explanation - Coal is a fossil fuel and not renewable.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.115 Which of the following best illustrates a 'smart load control' approach?
Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Installing more incandescent bulbs
Increasing electrical outlets
Adding additional generators
Explanation - Smart load control shifts high‑energy use to off‑peak periods to reduce cost.
Correct answer is: Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Q.116 Which of the following is an example of a 'demand‑side management' technique?
Installing high‑efficiency lighting
Building more transmission lines
Installing solar panels on rooftops
Installing new wind turbines
Explanation - Demand‑side management includes measures that reduce or shift consumption.
Correct answer is: Installing high‑efficiency lighting
Q.117 Which of the following is a benefit of using high‑efficiency LED bulbs?
Lower energy consumption
Higher heat output
Shorter lifespan
Higher initial cost
Explanation - LEDs use less power and last longer than incandescent or halogen bulbs.
Correct answer is: Lower energy consumption
Q.118 Which of these is an example of 'energy conservation' measure?
Installing a smart lighting system
Adding more light fixtures
Installing a new heating system with higher capacity
Increasing building occupancy
Explanation - Smart lighting reduces unnecessary consumption by adjusting to occupancy.
Correct answer is: Installing a smart lighting system
Q.119 Which of the following is a typical measure to reduce phantom load?
Using a power strip with an on/off switch
Adding more light fixtures
Installing additional outlets
Installing a larger HVAC unit
Explanation - Power strips allow complete shutdown of devices, cutting standby power.
Correct answer is: Using a power strip with an on/off switch
Q.120 Which of the following best describes 'energy benchmarking'?
Comparing a building's energy use with similar buildings
Measuring the energy of a single device
Calculating the building's total energy use only
Monitoring the battery life of electronic devices
Explanation - Benchmarking identifies relative performance and improvement opportunities.
Correct answer is: Comparing a building's energy use with similar buildings
Q.121 Which of the following is a key metric for data center energy efficiency?
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
Thermal conductivity
Electrical resistance
Mass density
Explanation - PUE = total facility energy / IT energy; a lower number indicates better efficiency.
Correct answer is: Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
Q.122 Which of the following best describes a 'demand‑side management' (DSM) strategy?
Altering consumer energy use
Increasing power plant capacity
Installing additional wind turbines
Expanding transmission lines
Explanation - DSM includes conservation, load shifting, and efficiency measures.
Correct answer is: Altering consumer energy use
Q.123 Which of these is a typical outcome of an EMS implementation?
Automated monitoring and control of building systems
Increased energy consumption
Installation of new generators
Reduced data collection frequency
Explanation - An EMS centralizes data and allows real‑time optimization of energy use.
Correct answer is: Automated monitoring and control of building systems
Q.124 What is the primary advantage of using variable‑speed drives in HVAC systems?
Lower energy consumption during partial load
Higher noise levels
Increased maintenance cost
Reduced airflow control
Explanation - Variable‑speed drives adjust motor speed to match the required airflow, saving energy.
Correct answer is: Lower energy consumption during partial load
Q.125 Which of the following best illustrates a 'smart load control' approach?
Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Installing more incandescent bulbs
Increasing electrical outlets
Adding additional generators
Explanation - Smart load control moves high‑energy consumption to times when electricity is cheaper.
Correct answer is: Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Q.126 Which of these is a common method to reduce energy usage in data centers?
Improving cooling efficiency
Increasing server density without cooling
Adding more power supplies
Increasing lighting levels
Explanation - Cooling often accounts for a large portion of a data center's energy use; efficiency gains are significant.
Correct answer is: Improving cooling efficiency
Q.127 Which of the following best describes an energy audit?
A systematic review of energy use and opportunities for savings
A plan for constructing a new building
A detailed financial report
A structural integrity assessment
Explanation - Energy audits identify inefficiencies and recommend actions.
Correct answer is: A systematic review of energy use and opportunities for savings
Q.128 Which of the following is NOT typically part of an energy management plan?
Load monitoring
Water usage analysis
Insulation assessment
Lighting upgrade strategy
Explanation - Water usage is usually separate from energy management but may be included in broader sustainability strategies.
Correct answer is: Water usage analysis
Q.129 Which of the following is a key benefit of using high‑efficiency HVAC equipment?
Reduced operating cost and energy consumption
Higher noise levels
Higher upfront cost
Increased maintenance requirements
Explanation - Efficient HVAC units consume less energy for the same thermal output, reducing costs.
Correct answer is: Reduced operating cost and energy consumption
Q.130 Which of the following best illustrates a 'smart load control' approach?
Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Installing more incandescent bulbs
Increasing electrical outlets
Adding additional generators
Explanation - Smart load control shifts high‑energy operations to lower‑cost times to reduce peak demand and cost.
Correct answer is: Scheduling HVAC operation during off‑peak hours
Q.131 What does the term 'energy intensity' measure?
Energy used per unit of economic output or area
Total energy consumption over a year
Energy consumption per device
The ratio of renewable to total energy
Explanation - Energy intensity indicates how much energy is used for a given level of output.
Correct answer is: Energy used per unit of economic output or area
Q.132 Which of these best describes a 'smart building' system?
Automated energy optimization and real‑time monitoring
Manual control of all building systems
Increased maintenance complexity
Higher energy consumption
Explanation - Smart buildings use sensors and controls to improve efficiency and reduce waste.
Correct answer is: Automated energy optimization and real‑time monitoring
Q.133 Which of these is NOT typically part of an energy management plan?
Load monitoring
Water usage analysis
Insulation assessment
Lighting upgrade strategy
Explanation - Water usage is separate from energy management but sometimes combined in sustainability plans.
Correct answer is: Water usage analysis
Q.134 Which of these is an example of a renewable energy source?
Wind power
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Explanation - Wind is a renewable source that does not emit greenhouse gases during operation.
Correct answer is: Wind power