Q.1 What is the primary objective of a Building Energy Audit?
Determine the building's age
Identify potential energy savings
Calculate structural loads
Assess fire safety compliance
Explanation - A building energy audit systematically evaluates energy usage to pinpoint opportunities for savings.
Correct answer is: Identify potential energy savings
Q.2 Which of the following is NOT a standard phase of a Level 1 (Walk-Through) audit?
Data collection
Energy model creation
Preliminary analysis
Pre-audit briefing
Explanation - Level 1 audits involve basic data gathering and analysis; detailed modeling is reserved for Level 2 or 3 audits.
Correct answer is: Energy model creation
Q.3 Which device is commonly used to measure electrical energy consumption in a sub-metering study?
Thermocouple
Clamp meter
Vernier caliper
Barometer
Explanation - Clamp meters can measure current without disconnecting conductors, making them ideal for sub-metering.
Correct answer is: Clamp meter
Q.4 In HVAC energy auditing, what does the term ‘SEER’ stand for?
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
Standard Energy Efficiency Rating
Seasonal Electric Energy Rate
Standard Energy Emission Ratio
Explanation - SEER measures the cooling efficiency of an HVAC system over a typical cooling season.
Correct answer is: Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
Q.5 Which of the following best describes a ‘Passive Solar Design’ in building energy audits?
Installation of active solar panels
Use of building orientation and materials to reduce heating costs
Implementation of HVAC backup systems
Installation of wind turbines
Explanation - Passive solar design relies on architectural features to capture and retain solar heat without active devices.
Correct answer is: Use of building orientation and materials to reduce heating costs
Q.6 What is the purpose of the ‘Energy Balance Sheet’ in an energy audit?
Track employee attendance
List all energy-consuming equipment
Document net energy consumption versus generation
Calculate building taxes
Explanation - The sheet reconciles all energy inputs and outputs to identify consumption gaps.
Correct answer is: Document net energy consumption versus generation
Q.7 Which of the following is a common source of energy loss in a typical office building?
Leaky HVAC ducts
High-speed internet cables
Refrigerated food storage
Solar panels
Explanation - Duct leaks allow conditioned air to escape, forcing the HVAC system to work harder.
Correct answer is: Leaky HVAC ducts
Q.8 Which calculation is essential to determine the annual energy savings from an LED retrofit?
Energy = Power × Time
Energy = Voltage × Current × Power Factor
Energy = Resistance × Current^2
Energy = Pressure × Volume
Explanation - Annual savings = (original power – new power) × operating hours per year.
Correct answer is: Energy = Power × Time
Q.9 In a Level 3 audit, what advanced tool is typically used to model HVAC performance?
Spreadsheet calculator
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software
Digital thermometer
Handheld voltmeter
Explanation - CFD allows detailed simulation of airflow and heat transfer in HVAC systems.
Correct answer is: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software
Q.10 What does the acronym 'ASHRAE' stand for?
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Automated Systems of High-Rate Energy Analysis
Advanced Standards for Heating and Renewable Energy
Association for Sustainable Housing and Renewable Energy
Explanation - ASHRAE provides standards and guidelines for HVAC design and energy performance.
Correct answer is: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Q.11 Which of the following best represents an ‘Energy Star’ certified lighting fixture?
Incandescent bulb
Fluorescent tube
LED lamp
Halogen lamp
Explanation - Energy Star labels are often applied to LED fixtures that meet high efficiency standards.
Correct answer is: LED lamp
Q.12 What is the most significant contributor to energy consumption in a manufacturing facility?
Office lighting
Industrial motors
HVAC system
Security cameras
Explanation - Motors drive heavy machinery and can consume a large share of facility electricity.
Correct answer is: Industrial motors
Q.13 Which parameter is measured by a ‘kWh meter’ during an audit?
Voltage
Current
Power
Energy
Explanation - A kWh meter records cumulative electrical energy usage over time.
Correct answer is: Energy
Q.14 During a thermal imaging survey, which of the following indicates a potential insulation deficiency?
Warm spots on an exterior wall
Cold spots on a window frame
Red discoloration on a roof
Uniform blue tint on a ceiling
Explanation - Warm spots indicate heat escaping through inadequate insulation.
Correct answer is: Warm spots on an exterior wall
Q.15 Which of the following is a key benefit of installing a Demand Response System during an energy audit?
Increased lighting levels
Reduced peak load demand
Higher energy bills
Extended HVAC runtime
Explanation - Demand response allows load reduction during peak periods to lower grid costs.
Correct answer is: Reduced peak load demand
Q.16 What is the typical unit for expressing HVAC system capacity in energy audits?
Btu/hr
kW
L/s
V/m
Explanation - HVAC capacities are commonly reported in British thermal units per hour.
Correct answer is: Btu/hr
Q.17 Which of the following best describes the purpose of ‘Peak Demand Analysis’ in an audit?
Identify the highest hourly energy usage
Determine annual consumption
Calculate building square footage
Assess occupant satisfaction
Explanation - Peak demand analysis pinpoints moments when the load is greatest to target reductions.
Correct answer is: Identify the highest hourly energy usage
Q.18 What does the term ‘Load Factor’ refer to in an energy audit?
Ratio of actual load to maximum load
Ratio of voltage to current
Ratio of peak demand to average load
Ratio of energy efficiency to cost
Explanation - Load factor is calculated as average load divided by peak load over a period.
Correct answer is: Ratio of actual load to maximum load
Q.19 Which of these is an example of a renewable energy source that can be evaluated during a commercial audit?
Natural Gas
Hydroelectric Power
Coal
Oil
Explanation - Hydroelectricity is a renewable source that may be part of a building's energy mix.
Correct answer is: Hydroelectric Power
Q.20 Which of the following is a commonly used metric to express energy consumption per unit area?
kWh/m³
kWh/m²
W/m
kW/m²
Explanation - kWh/m² measures energy use intensity relative to building floor area.
Correct answer is: kWh/m²
Q.21 During an audit, what does a ‘Sub-metering’ program typically aim to identify?
Overall building energy use
Energy use by specific areas or equipment
Total number of occupants
Indoor air quality levels
Explanation - Sub-meters isolate consumption for individual loads to target savings.
Correct answer is: Energy use by specific areas or equipment
Q.22 Which of the following is NOT a type of HVAC system commonly assessed in energy audits?
Central Air Conditioner
Heat Pump
Radiant Floor Heating
Water Heater
Explanation - While water heaters are evaluated, they are separate from HVAC units.
Correct answer is: Water Heater
Q.23 What does the term ‘Energy Payback Period’ indicate?
Time to recover the initial cost of an energy efficiency project
Annual energy savings amount
Duration of building occupancy
Time before equipment fails
Explanation - Energy Payback Period measures how long it takes savings to offset installation costs.
Correct answer is: Time to recover the initial cost of an energy efficiency project
Q.24 Which of the following is an advantage of using an ‘Energy Modeling Software’ in a Level 2 audit?
Instant visual representation of HVAC ductwork
Precise prediction of energy savings from proposed measures
Immediate installation of LED lights
Reduction of building occupancy
Explanation - Modeling helps quantify the impact of interventions before they are implemented.
Correct answer is: Precise prediction of energy savings from proposed measures
Q.25 Which of the following best explains the concept of 'Thermal Mass' in building energy performance?
Ability of a material to store electrical energy
Capacity of a surface to absorb and release heat slowly
Amount of insulation in a building envelope
Thickness of window glass
Explanation - Thermal mass moderates indoor temperature swings by storing heat.
Correct answer is: Capacity of a surface to absorb and release heat slowly
Q.26 When conducting a 'Lighting Audit', which metric is most useful for assessing efficiency?
Lumens per Watt
Voltage
Current
Resistance
Explanation - Lumens per watt indicates how much light output per unit of electrical power.
Correct answer is: Lumens per Watt
Q.27 Which of the following represents an energy efficiency measure that reduces HVAC energy use?
Upgrading to a larger furnace
Installing a smart thermostat
Adding more windows
Installing a new roof vent
Explanation - Smart thermostats optimize heating/cooling schedules to reduce consumption.
Correct answer is: Installing a smart thermostat
Q.28 Which of the following is a typical output of a 'Demand Side Management' analysis?
Projected peak demand reduction
Future HVAC system cost
Number of occupants
Annual electricity bill
Explanation - Demand side management aims to lower the maximum load seen by the grid.
Correct answer is: Projected peak demand reduction
Q.29 Which of the following best describes a 'Passive Cooling' technique?
Using fans to blow air through a building
Designing buildings to reduce solar heat gain without mechanical systems
Installing a central AC unit
Using solar panels to generate electricity
Explanation - Passive cooling relies on architectural design to keep interiors cool.
Correct answer is: Designing buildings to reduce solar heat gain without mechanical systems
Q.30 What is the main advantage of a 'Net Zero Energy' building?
Zero energy consumption during winter
Zero energy consumption over a full year
Zero energy consumption during summer
Zero energy consumption for lighting only
Explanation - Net zero means all energy generated equals all energy consumed annually.
Correct answer is: Zero energy consumption over a full year
Q.31 Which of the following tools is used to measure the temperature differential across a wall during a thermal audit?
Thermocouple
Infrared thermometer
Barometer
Anemometer
Explanation - Thermocouples detect temperature differences between interior and exterior surfaces.
Correct answer is: Thermocouple
Q.32 Which of these best represents a method to improve lighting efficiency in a large office space?
Installing incandescent bulbs
Replacing old fixtures with LED fixtures
Removing all window glass
Adding a second HVAC unit
Explanation - LED fixtures consume significantly less power for the same light output.
Correct answer is: Replacing old fixtures with LED fixtures
Q.33 In a Level 1 audit, which type of data is collected most often?
Detailed HVAC load calculations
Basic electricity bills and meter readings
Full thermal imaging scans
Comprehensive energy modeling
Explanation - Level 1 audits rely on readily available data rather than detailed measurements.
Correct answer is: Basic electricity bills and meter readings
Q.34 Which of the following is a key factor in determining the efficiency of a heat pump?
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Voltage rating
Number of fans
Square footage
Explanation - COP expresses the ratio of useful heating or cooling to electrical energy input.
Correct answer is: Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Q.35 Which of the following is NOT typically included in an energy audit report?
Summary of findings
Detailed cost-benefit analysis of measures
Floor plan of the building
List of building occupants
Explanation - Audit reports focus on energy metrics, not occupant lists.
Correct answer is: List of building occupants
Q.36 Which of the following is a typical indicator of a ductwork problem?
High humidity in the bathroom
Unusual noise from the HVAC unit
Damp spot under the sink
Cold spot in a hallway
Explanation - Noise can signal air leaks or obstructions in ductwork.
Correct answer is: Unusual noise from the HVAC unit
Q.37 What does the term 'Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)' compare in HVAC equipment?
Cooling output to input power
Heating output to input power
Electricity cost to energy savings
Airflow to compressor speed
Explanation - EER is the ratio of cooling capacity (BTU/h) to power consumption (W).
Correct answer is: Cooling output to input power
Q.38 Which of the following would be considered a 'Retrofit Measure' in an audit?
Replacing old windows with double‑glazed units
Installing a new roof
Building a new extension
Adding a parking lot
Explanation - Retrofits upgrade existing components to improve energy performance.
Correct answer is: Replacing old windows with double‑glazed units
Q.39 Which of the following is an example of a 'Load Shedding' strategy?
Turning off lights during the day
Installing a larger boiler
Increasing window glazing
Adding more insulation
Explanation - Load shedding reduces electrical demand by turning off non‑essential loads.
Correct answer is: Turning off lights during the day
Q.40 What is a common reason for high HVAC energy usage in older buildings?
High-performance glazing
Advanced heat recovery systems
Poor insulation and air leakage
Smart building controls
Explanation - Older envelopes often lack proper insulation, increasing heating/cooling loads.
Correct answer is: Poor insulation and air leakage
Q.41 Which of the following is a key component of a 'Whole Building Energy Modeling' process?
Detailed mechanical layout drawings
Individual appliance specifications only
Occupancy schedule and climate data
Only the electrical panel diagram
Explanation - Modeling requires data on when and how occupants use the space and the local climate.
Correct answer is: Occupancy schedule and climate data
Q.42 Which of the following best describes the 'Savings Potential' in an energy audit?
Maximum possible energy reduction achievable with recommended measures
Cost of installing new equipment
Amount of energy actually consumed
Average energy use per occupant
Explanation - Savings potential indicates the upper limit of how much energy can be saved.
Correct answer is: Maximum possible energy reduction achievable with recommended measures
Q.43 What type of data is required to perform a 'Demand Charge Analysis'?
Electricity bill with demand charge details
Total annual energy consumption in kWh
Number of lights in the building
Ventilation rate
Explanation - Demand charge analysis uses peak demand data from utility bills.
Correct answer is: Electricity bill with demand charge details
Q.44 Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'Passive House' building?
Large solar panel array
High airtightness and low thermal transmittance
High HVAC capacity
Only electric lighting
Explanation - Passive houses rely on tight envelopes to minimize energy needs.
Correct answer is: High airtightness and low thermal transmittance
Q.45 What does the term 'Load Profile' refer to in energy auditing?
A graph showing energy usage over time
The cost of energy per kWh
The type of lights used
The building's floor plan
Explanation - Load profiles illustrate when energy consumption peaks and dips.
Correct answer is: A graph showing energy usage over time
Q.46 Which of the following is a direct method of measuring HVAC system performance?
Thermal imaging
Anemometer airflow measurement
Power factor analysis
Energy modeling
Explanation - Airflow measurement directly quantifies the amount of air moved by HVAC fans.
Correct answer is: Anemometer airflow measurement
Q.47 Which of the following is the best practice for installing sub-meters during a commercial audit?
Mount them on the ceiling of each room
Place them on the main utility panel only
Install them at the point of use for each major load
Install them in the basement only
Explanation - Sub‑meters should be installed near the equipment they measure.
Correct answer is: Install them at the point of use for each major load
Q.48 Which of the following is a key benefit of 'Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)' for motors?
Increases motor speed permanently
Reduces motor power consumption during partial loads
Eliminates the need for ventilation
Increases electrical noise
Explanation - VFDs match motor speed to load, saving energy when full speed is unnecessary.
Correct answer is: Reduces motor power consumption during partial loads
Q.49 Which of the following best defines the 'Energy Audit Scope'?
The maximum budget for the audit
The specific areas and systems to be investigated
The number of auditors assigned
The building’s physical footprint
Explanation - Scope outlines what will be examined and measured during the audit.
Correct answer is: The specific areas and systems to be investigated
Q.50 What is a primary consideration when performing a 'Lighting Load Calculation'?
Color temperature of bulbs
Number of light fixtures and their power ratings
Type of building occupants
Building's age
Explanation - Total wattage determines the electrical load of lighting systems.
Correct answer is: Number of light fixtures and their power ratings
Q.51 Which of the following is a recommended practice for HVAC filter maintenance in an audit?
Replacing filters every 5 years
Cleaning filters weekly
Using only HEPA filters
Installing filters only at the return duct
Explanation - Frequent filter cleaning reduces air resistance and improves HVAC efficiency.
Correct answer is: Cleaning filters weekly
Q.52 Which of the following best represents the concept of 'Thermal Bridging'?
Heat transfer through a building envelope material that has low thermal resistance
Heat lost through ventilation
Heat gained from solar panels
Heat exchanged in HVAC coils
Explanation - Thermal bridges provide paths for heat to escape, reducing insulation effectiveness.
Correct answer is: Heat transfer through a building envelope material that has low thermal resistance
Q.53 During an energy audit, which data source is used to calculate the annual energy cost?
Electricity tariff rate per kWh
Number of occupants
Annual rainfall
Building height
Explanation - The rate converts energy consumption into monetary cost.
Correct answer is: Electricity tariff rate per kWh
Q.54 What is the main advantage of using 'Smart Power Strips' in a commercial audit?
They can automatically shut off plugged devices when idle
They increase the power supply to all devices
They have built-in solar panels
They replace the building’s main switchboard
Explanation - Smart strips cut standby power consumption, reducing energy waste.
Correct answer is: They can automatically shut off plugged devices when idle
Q.55 Which of the following is an example of 'Daylight Harvesting'?
Using blinds to block sun
Installing motion sensors on lights
Adjusting artificial lighting based on natural light levels
Adding more fluorescent tubes
Explanation - Daylight harvesting dim lights when sufficient daylight is present.
Correct answer is: Adjusting artificial lighting based on natural light levels
Q.56 Which of the following is typically measured during a ‘Building Envelope Test’?
Indoor CO₂ concentration
Air leakage rate
Electrical resistance of the wiring
Number of occupants
Explanation - The test quantifies how much conditioned air leaks out of the building envelope.
Correct answer is: Air leakage rate
Q.57 What does the acronym ‘CIE’ stand for in lighting design?
Center for Innovative Energy
Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage
Control of Integrated Efficiency
Central Illumination Engine
Explanation - CIE provides standardized lighting measurement and color parameters.
Correct answer is: Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage
Q.58 Which of the following is a typical ‘Renewable Energy Source’ evaluated in an audit?
Natural Gas
Coal
Solar PV
Diesel Generator
Explanation - Solar photovoltaic panels convert sunlight directly into electricity.
Correct answer is: Solar PV
Q.59 Which of the following best defines the 'Coefficient of Performance (COP)' of an air conditioner?
Ratio of cooling output to electrical input
Ratio of heating output to electrical input
Ratio of power consumption to compressor speed
Ratio of airflow to fan speed
Explanation - COP measures the efficiency of cooling units, higher COP indicates better performance.
Correct answer is: Ratio of cooling output to electrical input
Q.60 During an energy audit, which of the following data points is essential for calculating the 'Load Factor'?
Peak load and average load over a period
Building square footage
Number of windows
Color of interior paint
Explanation - Load factor is the ratio of average load to peak load.
Correct answer is: Peak load and average load over a period
Q.61 Which of the following is a typical measure taken to improve 'HVAC Energy Efficiency'?
Increasing duct lengths
Installing variable speed fans
Removing insulation
Adding more windows
Explanation - Variable speed fans match airflow to load, reducing power consumption.
Correct answer is: Installing variable speed fans
Q.62 What is the purpose of a 'Thermal Camera' during an audit?
Measure electrical current
Detect temperature differences on surfaces
Calculate wind speed
Measure humidity
Explanation - Thermal cameras visualize heat loss or gain across building surfaces.
Correct answer is: Detect temperature differences on surfaces
Q.63 Which of the following best describes 'Energy Savings Potential' in a retrofit scenario?
Maximum savings achievable before the equipment fails
Savings that can be achieved by installing new equipment
Estimated energy consumption after retrofitting
The amount of energy a building consumes during peak hours
Explanation - Energy savings potential quantifies the reduction in consumption due to retrofits.
Correct answer is: Savings that can be achieved by installing new equipment
Q.64 Which of the following is a typical method for reducing lighting energy use in office spaces?
Installing dimmer controls with occupancy sensors
Installing incandescent lamps
Eliminating all windows
Installing large fans
Explanation - Smart controls adjust light levels based on occupancy and daylight availability.
Correct answer is: Installing dimmer controls with occupancy sensors
Q.65 Which of the following best explains the 'Peak Demand' term in an energy audit?
The highest continuous power draw during the billing period
The average daily consumption
The lowest power draw during the year
The maximum number of occupants
Explanation - Peak demand reflects the maximum load seen by the utility and influences demand charges.
Correct answer is: The highest continuous power draw during the billing period
Q.66 Which of the following is a typical 'Energy Benchmark' for commercial buildings?
kWh per occupant per year
kWh per square meter per year
kWh per light fixture
kWh per window
Explanation - Benchmarking compares energy performance relative to building area.
Correct answer is: kWh per square meter per year
Q.67 During a ‘Building Envelope Evaluation’, what does the ‘U‑Value’ indicate?
Thermal resistance of a material
Electrical conductivity of a wire
Ventilation rate
Light transmittance
Explanation - Lower U‑Values indicate better insulating properties.
Correct answer is: Thermal resistance of a material
Q.68 Which of the following is an example of an ‘Energy Management System (EMS)’ component?
Programmable thermostat
Floor plan software
HVAC filter replacement schedule
Manual energy audit report
Explanation - EMS includes devices that monitor and control building energy use.
Correct answer is: Programmable thermostat
Q.69 Which of the following is a typical outcome of a 'Demand Response Program'?
Increased peak demand
Reduced electricity bills during peak periods
Higher HVAC operating temperatures
More light fixtures
Explanation - Demand response reduces load during high‑cost periods, lowering bills.
Correct answer is: Reduced electricity bills during peak periods
Q.70 Which of the following best describes the function of a 'Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)'?
Maintains constant fan speed
Varies motor speed to match load demands
Increases motor speed beyond rated capacity
Provides backup power during outages
Explanation - VFDs adjust motor speed for optimal energy use.
Correct answer is: Varies motor speed to match load demands
Q.71 Which of the following is an example of a 'Passive' energy-saving measure?
Adding a high‑efficiency HVAC system
Using natural ventilation
Installing a rooftop solar array
Installing a smart meter
Explanation - Passive measures rely on natural processes, not active equipment.
Correct answer is: Using natural ventilation
Q.72 What does the acronym ‘CSP’ stand for in solar energy?
Concentrated Solar Power
Composite Solar Panel
Central Solar Processor
Cavity Solar Panel
Explanation - CSP uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight for electricity generation.
Correct answer is: Concentrated Solar Power
Q.73 Which of the following is the primary advantage of using a ‘Smart Meter’?
It provides real‑time energy usage data
It eliminates the need for electricity
It increases the building's electricity bill
It replaces the HVAC system
Explanation - Smart meters track consumption in real time, aiding load management.
Correct answer is: It provides real‑time energy usage data
Q.74 Which of the following is a typical activity during a 'Lighting Efficiency Audit'?
Replacing all lamps with incandescent bulbs
Installing motion‑sensor controls on all lights
Installing a larger HVAC system
Adding more windows
Explanation - Motion sensors reduce standby lighting consumption.
Correct answer is: Installing motion‑sensor controls on all lights
Q.75 Which of the following is a standard measure for evaluating HVAC system efficiency?
BTU per cubic foot of air
Sodium content in air
Number of fans in a system
Color of ductwork paint
Explanation - BTU/ft³ quantifies the heat removed or added per unit of airflow.
Correct answer is: BTU per cubic foot of air
Q.76 Which of the following is an example of a ‘Low‑Voltage’ lighting system?
120 V LED fixtures
12 V LED fixtures
240 V fluorescent tubes
240 V incandescent bulbs
Explanation - Low‑voltage lighting operates at 12 V, reducing power losses over distance.
Correct answer is: 12 V LED fixtures
Q.77 Which of the following best describes a 'Thermal Bridge'?
A section of building envelope that conducts heat more efficiently
A type of HVAC filter
A solar panel that conducts heat
An electrical transformer that reduces heat
Explanation - Thermal bridges allow heat to bypass insulation, causing energy loss.
Correct answer is: A section of building envelope that conducts heat more efficiently
Q.78 Which of the following is a common tool used for measuring outdoor temperature during an audit?
Barometer
Thermometer
Anemometer
Hygrometer
Explanation - A thermometer records ambient temperature, needed for HVAC load calculations.
Correct answer is: Thermometer
Q.79 Which of the following is NOT typically part of an energy audit's recommendation list?
Retrofit lighting
Upgrade insulation
Install a new roof
Replace the building’s HVAC controls with manual thermostats
Explanation - Manual thermostats often increase energy use; recommendations usually improve automation.
Correct answer is: Replace the building’s HVAC controls with manual thermostats
Q.80 Which of the following represents a key factor influencing HVAC energy consumption?
Building envelope airtightness
Color of exterior walls
Number of occupants
Type of flooring
Explanation - A tight envelope reduces heating/cooling loads by limiting air infiltration.
Correct answer is: Building envelope airtightness
Q.81 Which of the following is a primary objective of ‘Demand‑Side Management’?
Increasing electricity tariffs
Reducing peak power demand
Installing more lights
Expanding the building footprint
Explanation - Demand‑side management helps utilities balance supply and demand by lowering peak usage.
Correct answer is: Reducing peak power demand
Q.82 Which of the following best defines the 'Load Factor' in an energy audit?
The ratio of peak demand to average demand
The ratio of average demand to peak demand
The ratio of electricity price to energy consumption
The ratio of energy efficiency to cost
Explanation - Load factor shows how consistently a load is used relative to its peak.
Correct answer is: The ratio of average demand to peak demand
Q.83 Which of the following is a key step in a Level 2 energy audit?
Detailed energy modeling
Collecting basic data
Installing new equipment
Drawing floor plans
Explanation - Level 2 audits involve creating energy models to estimate savings.
Correct answer is: Detailed energy modeling
Q.84 Which of the following is a typical outcome of a 'Building Envelope Audit'?
Identification of air leaks
Replacement of HVAC controls
Installation of new lighting fixtures
Installation of a solar array
Explanation - Envelope audits detect infiltration paths that reduce energy efficiency.
Correct answer is: Identification of air leaks
Q.85 What is the main benefit of using a 'Variable Speed Fan' in HVAC systems?
Higher fan speeds
Reduced energy consumption during low demand
Lower fan noise only
Increased airflow only
Explanation - Variable speed fans adjust airflow to match load, saving energy.
Correct answer is: Reduced energy consumption during low demand
Q.86 Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'Zero‑Energy Building'?
Zero energy consumption during summer
Zero energy consumption during winter
Zero energy consumption over a full year
Zero energy consumption for lighting only
Explanation - Zero‑energy means annual energy generated equals annual energy used.
Correct answer is: Zero energy consumption over a full year
Q.87 Which of the following is an example of a ‘Daylight Harvesting’ technique?
Installing motion sensors on lights
Installing blinds to block sunlight
Dimming artificial lights when daylight is available
Adding extra incandescent bulbs
Explanation - Daylight harvesting reduces lighting energy by using natural light.
Correct answer is: Dimming artificial lights when daylight is available
Q.88 Which of the following is a key parameter used to calculate HVAC system efficiency?
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Color of paint
Number of windows
Size of the building
Explanation - COP is the ratio of heating or cooling output to electrical energy input.
Correct answer is: Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Q.89 What does the term 'Energy Payback Period' refer to?
Time needed to recover the initial investment cost through energy savings
Time to recover the electricity bill each month
Time needed to restore a building after an energy audit
Time to recover the energy consumption of the building
Explanation - Energy Payback Period measures how long it takes to recoup the cost of an energy upgrade.
Correct answer is: Time needed to recover the initial investment cost through energy savings
Q.90 Which of the following is a typical measure for improving HVAC energy efficiency?
Installing a larger furnace
Upgrading to a high‑efficiency heat pump
Adding more windows
Installing a larger AC unit
Explanation - High‑efficiency heat pumps reduce energy consumption compared to standard units.
Correct answer is: Upgrading to a high‑efficiency heat pump
Q.91 Which of the following is a standard data collection method in a Level 1 audit?
Detailed airflow measurements
Reviewing utility bills
Full thermal imaging
Comprehensive energy modeling
Explanation - Level 1 audits rely on readily available data such as utility bills.
Correct answer is: Reviewing utility bills
Q.92 Which of the following is an example of a 'Passive Solar Design' feature?
Solar PV panels
Overhangs that shade windows in summer
Heat‑recovering ventilators
Programmable thermostats
Explanation - Passive solar features use building geometry to reduce cooling loads.
Correct answer is: Overhangs that shade windows in summer
Q.93 Which of the following best describes a 'Thermal Imaging Camera'?
Measures temperature differences on building surfaces
Measures electrical current
Measures wind speed
Measures humidity
Explanation - Thermal cameras detect heat signatures to identify leaks and thermal bridges.
Correct answer is: Measures temperature differences on building surfaces
Q.94 Which of the following is a typical output of a 'Demand Response' program?
Increased peak demand
Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Higher HVAC capacity
More lighting fixtures
Explanation - Demand response reduces peak load, lowering demand charges.
Correct answer is: Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Q.95 Which of the following is a common factor influencing a building's annual energy consumption?
Number of windows
Color of interior paint
Number of occupants
All of the above
Explanation - All listed factors affect energy use through heating, cooling, lighting, and equipment.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.96 Which of the following best explains a 'Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)'?
An inverter that increases motor speed beyond rated capacity
A device that maintains constant fan speed
An inverter that adjusts motor speed to match load demand
A backup power supply
Explanation - VFDs vary motor speed to reduce energy use when full speed isn’t needed.
Correct answer is: An inverter that adjusts motor speed to match load demand
Q.97 Which of the following is NOT a type of 'Lighting Load Calculation' method?
Using the lumens per watt metric
Calculating total wattage of fixtures
Counting the number of light switches
Considering occupancy schedules
Explanation - Switch count does not directly determine lighting load.
Correct answer is: Counting the number of light switches
Q.98 Which of the following is a typical method for measuring 'Air Leakage Rate' in a building envelope?
Thermographic scan
Wind tunnel test
Blower door test
HVAC airflow measurement
Explanation - Blower door tests quantify how much conditioned air escapes the building.
Correct answer is: Blower door test
Q.99 Which of the following best defines a 'Low‑Voltage Lighting System'?
A system operating at 120 V AC
A system operating at 12 V DC
A system using incandescent bulbs only
A system with no wiring
Explanation - Low‑voltage systems reduce power losses in long runs of wiring.
Correct answer is: A system operating at 12 V DC
Q.100 Which of the following is an example of an 'Energy Efficiency Measure' for a commercial building?
Installing a new roof
Installing high‑efficiency LED lighting
Increasing the number of windows
Adding more occupants
Explanation - LED lighting uses less power for the same light output, reducing energy use.
Correct answer is: Installing high‑efficiency LED lighting
Q.101 Which of the following best describes a 'Thermal Bridge' in a building envelope?
A section of the building that conducts heat more effectively than surrounding materials
A type of HVAC filter
A solar panel that generates heat
A transformer that reduces voltage
Explanation - Thermal bridges bypass insulation, creating heat loss paths.
Correct answer is: A section of the building that conducts heat more effectively than surrounding materials
Q.102 Which of the following is a typical method used for measuring the temperature differential across a wall during an audit?
Thermocouple
Barometer
Anemometer
Hygrometer
Explanation - Thermocouples measure temperature differences between interior and exterior surfaces.
Correct answer is: Thermocouple
Q.103 Which of the following is the purpose of installing a 'Smart Power Strip' in a commercial facility?
To increase the power supply to all devices
To provide backup power during outages
To automatically shut off unused devices when idle
To replace the main electrical panel
Explanation - Smart power strips cut standby power, reducing energy waste.
Correct answer is: To automatically shut off unused devices when idle
Q.104 Which of the following is a key indicator of an HVAC system's performance during an audit?
Number of windows
Airflow velocity
Number of occupants
Building age
Explanation - Airflow velocity directly influences HVAC load and efficiency.
Correct answer is: Airflow velocity
Q.105 Which of the following best describes the 'U‑Value' of a building envelope component?
The electrical resistance of a component
The thermal transmittance of a component
The airflow rate of a duct
The lighting efficiency of a fixture
Explanation - Lower U‑Values mean better insulating performance.
Correct answer is: The thermal transmittance of a component
Q.106 Which of the following is an example of a 'Demand‑Side Management' measure?
Installing more lights
Adding more occupants
Installing a smart thermostat
Installing a larger HVAC unit
Explanation - Smart thermostats reduce peak load by adjusting HVAC operation.
Correct answer is: Installing a smart thermostat
Q.107 Which of the following is a common approach to reduce building envelope heat loss during a thermal audit?
Adding more windows
Installing thermal curtains
Adding insulation to walls and roofs
Increasing the number of occupants
Explanation - Insulation reduces heat transfer through the envelope.
Correct answer is: Adding insulation to walls and roofs
Q.108 Which of the following best defines the 'Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)' of a cooling system?
The ratio of heating output to electrical input
The ratio of cooling output to electrical input
The ratio of power consumption to compressor speed
The ratio of airflow to fan speed
Explanation - EER quantifies how much cooling is produced per watt of power.
Correct answer is: The ratio of cooling output to electrical input
Q.109 Which of the following is a typical step in a Level 3 energy audit?
Basic data collection from utility bills
Detailed HVAC system modeling
Installing new equipment
Drawing floor plans
Explanation - Level 3 audits involve sophisticated modeling and detailed measurement.
Correct answer is: Detailed HVAC system modeling
Q.110 Which of the following is an indicator of a high HVAC load?
Low indoor temperatures
High indoor temperatures
Low electricity consumption
Large number of windows
Explanation - High indoor temperatures often indicate HVAC over‑capacity or inefficiencies.
Correct answer is: High indoor temperatures
Q.111 Which of the following is a benefit of installing a 'Solar PV' system on a commercial building?
Increased electricity consumption
Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
Increased peak demand
Lower building envelope temperature
Explanation - Solar PV generates clean electricity, decreasing emissions.
Correct answer is: Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
Q.112 Which of the following is a method for measuring 'Airflow Rate' in HVAC ducts?
Thermocouple
Anemometer
Barometer
Hygrometer
Explanation - Anemometers measure wind speed, which can be used to calculate airflow.
Correct answer is: Anemometer
Q.113 Which of the following is NOT typically part of an energy audit's recommendation report?
Lighting retrofits
Duct sealing recommendations
Installation of a new HVAC system
Building envelope repairs
Explanation - While a new HVAC system might be suggested, it is usually a separate project, not a simple recommendation.
Correct answer is: Installation of a new HVAC system
Q.114 Which of the following best describes a 'Thermal Bridge' in a building envelope?
A section of wall with higher thermal conductivity
A type of HVAC filter
A solar panel that generates heat
A transformer that reduces voltage
Explanation - Thermal bridges provide paths for heat to escape the building, reducing insulation performance.
Correct answer is: A section of wall with higher thermal conductivity
Q.115 Which of the following is an example of an energy‑saving measure that can be implemented in a commercial building's HVAC system?
Adding more fans to the system
Installing a larger heating unit
Upgrading to a variable‑speed compressor
Adding more windows
Explanation - Variable‑speed compressors adjust output to match load, improving efficiency.
Correct answer is: Upgrading to a variable‑speed compressor
Q.116 Which of the following is a key metric for measuring lighting energy consumption?
Luminous efficacy (lumens per watt)
Airflow rate (cfm)
Temperature (°C)
Humidity (%)
Explanation - It indicates how much light is produced per unit of power.
Correct answer is: Luminous efficacy (lumens per watt)
Q.117 Which of the following is a primary benefit of using an 'Energy Management System (EMS)'?
It reduces the number of occupants
It automates building operations for efficiency
It increases the size of the HVAC unit
It eliminates the need for lighting
Explanation - EMS monitors and controls energy use to achieve optimal performance.
Correct answer is: It automates building operations for efficiency
Q.118 Which of the following is an example of a 'Passive Cooling' strategy?
Installing a central AC unit
Using natural ventilation
Adding a solar panel
Installing a smart thermostat
Explanation - Passive cooling relies on design and airflow without mechanical systems.
Correct answer is: Using natural ventilation
Q.119 Which of the following is a typical measure for improving HVAC energy efficiency?
Adding more ducts
Installing a new furnace
Replacing old filters with high‑efficiency filters
Increasing the number of windows
Explanation - High‑efficiency filters reduce airflow resistance, saving energy.
Correct answer is: Replacing old filters with high‑efficiency filters
Q.120 Which of the following best describes 'Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)'?
Devices that increase motor speed above rated capacity
Devices that maintain constant fan speed
Inverters that adjust motor speed to match load demands
Backup power supplies
Explanation - VFDs reduce energy use by slowing motors when full speed isn’t needed.
Correct answer is: Inverters that adjust motor speed to match load demands
Q.121 Which of the following is a common outcome of a 'Thermal Imaging' survey?
Identification of air leaks
Determining the number of occupants
Measuring the color of walls
Calculating building square footage
Explanation - Thermal images reveal temperature anomalies indicating heat loss.
Correct answer is: Identification of air leaks
Q.122 Which of the following is an example of a 'Renewable Energy' source in a building audit?
Natural Gas
Coal
Solar PV
Diesel
Explanation - Solar photovoltaic panels generate electricity from sunlight, a renewable source.
Correct answer is: Solar PV
Q.123 Which of the following is an indicator that a building is not energy‑efficient?
Low annual energy consumption
High levels of indoor air infiltration
Low lighting levels
High quality insulation
Explanation - Infiltration leads to unnecessary heating and cooling loads.
Correct answer is: High levels of indoor air infiltration
Q.124 Which of the following best describes a 'Demand‑Side Management' program?
Increasing the number of occupants
Adding more windows
Reducing peak power demand through load control
Installing more HVAC equipment
Explanation - Demand‑side management helps utilities balance supply and demand by reducing peak loads.
Correct answer is: Reducing peak power demand through load control
Q.125 Which of the following is a typical component of a 'Building Envelope Audit'?
Inspection of roof drainage
Blower door test to measure air leakage
Electrical wiring inspection
HVAC airflow measurement
Explanation - Blower door tests quantify the amount of air that leaks through the building envelope.
Correct answer is: Blower door test to measure air leakage
Q.126 Which of the following best defines 'Thermal Bridging' in a building envelope?
The use of thermal curtains to block heat
A path that allows heat to bypass insulation
A type of HVAC filter
An inverter that reduces motor speed
Explanation - Thermal bridges create heat loss pathways, reducing insulation effectiveness.
Correct answer is: A path that allows heat to bypass insulation
Q.127 Which of the following is a common tool used for measuring the temperature difference across a building envelope?
Thermocouple
Barometer
Anemometer
Hygrometer
Explanation - Thermocouples detect temperature differences between interior and exterior surfaces.
Correct answer is: Thermocouple
Q.128 Which of the following is a key benefit of installing LED lighting in a commercial building?
Increases lighting levels significantly
Reduces energy consumption by 50–80 %
Requires higher voltage
Increases maintenance costs
Explanation - LEDs consume far less power for the same light output compared to incandescent bulbs.
Correct answer is: Reduces energy consumption by 50–80 %
Q.129 Which of the following is NOT typically part of a Level 1 energy audit?
Collecting utility bills
Measuring indoor temperature
Detailed airflow measurements
Initial data gathering
Explanation - Detailed airflow measurements are reserved for Level 2 or Level 3 audits.
Correct answer is: Detailed airflow measurements
Q.130 Which of the following best defines the 'Energy Payback Period'?
Time required to recover the cost of an energy‑saving measure through savings
Time required to recover the cost of an energy audit
Time required to recover the cost of an energy bill
Time required to recover the cost of building construction
Explanation - Energy Payback Period measures the time it takes for savings to cover the initial investment.
Correct answer is: Time required to recover the cost of an energy‑saving measure through savings
Q.131 Which of the following is a common method for reducing HVAC energy consumption during an audit?
Installing a larger furnace
Installing variable‑speed fans
Adding more windows
Adding more occupants
Explanation - Variable‑speed fans adjust airflow to match demand, saving energy.
Correct answer is: Installing variable‑speed fans
Q.132 Which of the following is an example of a 'Daylight Harvesting' strategy?
Installing motion sensors on lights
Installing blinds to block sunlight
Installing high‑efficiency LED fixtures
Installing a solar PV array
Explanation - Motion sensors dim or turn off lights when areas are unoccupied.
Correct answer is: Installing motion sensors on lights
Q.133 Which of the following is a common outcome of a 'Demand Response' program?
Increased demand charges on the utility bill
Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Increased HVAC capacity
More lighting fixtures
Explanation - Demand response reduces peak load, lowering the charges that utilities impose for high demand.
Correct answer is: Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Q.134 Which of the following best describes the 'U‑Value' of a wall or window?
The amount of heat that passes through a unit area per degree temperature difference
The electrical resistance of a component
The airflow rate through a duct
The luminosity of a light fixture
Explanation - Lower U‑Values indicate better insulating performance.
Correct answer is: The amount of heat that passes through a unit area per degree temperature difference
Q.135 Which of the following is an example of a 'Renewable Energy' technology that can be evaluated during an audit?
Natural gas boiler
Solar PV panels
Coal furnace
Diesel generator
Explanation - Solar PV panels generate electricity from sunlight, a renewable source.
Correct answer is: Solar PV panels
Q.136 Which of the following is a typical component of a 'Lighting Load Calculation'?
Number of light fixtures and their wattages
The number of occupants
The building's age
The color of interior paint
Explanation - Total wattage of fixtures determines the lighting load.
Correct answer is: Number of light fixtures and their wattages
Q.137 Which of the following best describes a 'Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)'?
An inverter that increases motor speed beyond rated capacity
A device that maintains constant fan speed
An inverter that adjusts motor speed to match load demands
A backup power supply
Explanation - VFDs reduce energy usage by slowing motors when full speed isn’t required.
Correct answer is: An inverter that adjusts motor speed to match load demands
Q.138 Which of the following is a key indicator of poor building envelope performance?
High indoor temperatures
Low indoor temperatures
Low electricity consumption
High quality insulation
Explanation - High indoor temperatures can indicate excessive heat gain or poor insulation.
Correct answer is: High indoor temperatures
Q.139 Which of the following is NOT a typical measure in a Level 2 energy audit?
Detailed HVAC airflow measurement
Energy modeling
Data collection from utility bills
Assessment of lighting efficiency
Explanation - Data from utility bills is used in Level 1 audits; Level 2 focuses on detailed modeling.
Correct answer is: Data collection from utility bills
Q.140 Which of the following best describes the function of an 'Energy Management System (EMS)'?
Increases the number of occupants
Automates building operations to reduce energy use
Increases HVAC capacity
Eliminates the need for lighting
Explanation - EMS monitors and controls systems to optimize energy performance.
Correct answer is: Automates building operations to reduce energy use
Q.141 Which of the following is a common indicator of a high HVAC load during an audit?
High indoor temperatures
Low indoor temperatures
Low electricity consumption
High number of occupants
Explanation - High indoor temperatures can signal an oversized HVAC system or poor heat transfer.
Correct answer is: High indoor temperatures
Q.142 Which of the following is an example of an energy‑saving measure in a commercial building?
Adding more occupants
Installing LED lighting fixtures
Adding more windows
Adding a larger HVAC system
Explanation - LED lighting uses less electricity for the same light output.
Correct answer is: Installing LED lighting fixtures
Q.143 Which of the following is a typical approach to reduce building envelope heat loss?
Adding more windows
Installing thermal curtains
Adding insulation to walls and roofs
Increasing number of occupants
Explanation - Insulation reduces heat transfer through the envelope.
Correct answer is: Adding insulation to walls and roofs
Q.144 Which of the following is a common outcome of a 'Thermal Imaging' survey?
Identification of air leaks
Determining the number of occupants
Measuring the color of walls
Calculating building square footage
Explanation - Thermal images reveal temperature anomalies indicating heat loss.
Correct answer is: Identification of air leaks
Q.145 Which of the following is an example of a 'Renewable Energy' source in a building audit?
Natural gas boiler
Coal furnace
Solar PV panels
Diesel generator
Explanation - Solar photovoltaic panels convert sunlight into electricity, a renewable source.
Correct answer is: Solar PV panels
Q.146 Which of the following is an indicator that a building is not energy‑efficient?
High indoor temperature during cooling
Low indoor temperature during heating
High energy consumption during low occupancy
All of the above
Explanation - High temperature swings and high consumption indicate inefficiencies.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.147 Which of the following best describes a 'Passive Cooling' strategy?
Installing a central AC unit
Using natural ventilation
Adding a solar panel
Installing a smart thermostat
Explanation - Passive cooling relies on design and airflow without mechanical systems.
Correct answer is: Using natural ventilation
Q.148 Which of the following is a common outcome of a 'Demand Response' program?
Increased demand charges on the utility bill
Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Increased HVAC capacity
More lighting fixtures
Explanation - Demand response reduces peak load, lowering the charges that utilities impose for high demand.
Correct answer is: Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Q.149 Which of the following is a typical step in a Level 3 energy audit?
Collecting utility bills
Detailed HVAC airflow measurement
Installing new equipment
Drawing floor plans
Explanation - Level 3 audits involve detailed measurements and advanced modeling.
Correct answer is: Detailed HVAC airflow measurement
Q.150 Which of the following is a key metric for measuring lighting energy consumption?
Luminous efficacy (lumens per watt)
Airflow rate (cfm)
Temperature (°C)
Humidity (%)
Explanation - It indicates how much light is produced per unit of power.
Correct answer is: Luminous efficacy (lumens per watt)
Q.151 Which of the following is an example of a 'Daylight Harvesting' strategy?
Installing motion sensors on lights
Installing blinds to block sunlight
Installing high‑efficiency LED fixtures
Installing a solar PV array
Explanation - Motion sensors dim or turn off lights when areas are unoccupied.
Correct answer is: Installing motion sensors on lights
Q.152 Which of the following is a typical outcome of a 'Thermal Imaging' survey?
Identification of air leaks
Determining the number of occupants
Measuring the color of walls
Calculating building square footage
Explanation - Thermal images reveal temperature anomalies indicating heat loss.
Correct answer is: Identification of air leaks
Q.153 Which of the following best describes a 'Thermal Bridge' in a building envelope?
A path that allows heat to bypass insulation
A type of HVAC filter
A solar panel that generates heat
An inverter that reduces motor speed
Explanation - Thermal bridges provide heat loss pathways, reducing insulation effectiveness.
Correct answer is: A path that allows heat to bypass insulation
Q.154 Which of the following is a typical approach to reducing HVAC energy consumption during an audit?
Installing a larger furnace
Installing variable‑speed fans
Adding more windows
Adding more occupants
Explanation - Variable‑speed fans adjust airflow to match demand, saving energy.
Correct answer is: Installing variable‑speed fans
Q.155 Which of the following is an example of a 'Renewable Energy' technology that can be evaluated during a building audit?
Natural gas boiler
Solar PV panels
Coal furnace
Diesel generator
Explanation - Solar PV panels generate electricity from sunlight, a renewable source.
Correct answer is: Solar PV panels
Q.156 Which of the following is a common outcome of a 'Demand Response' program?
Increased demand charges on the utility bill
Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Increased HVAC capacity
More lighting fixtures
Explanation - Demand response reduces peak load, lowering the charges that utilities impose for high demand.
Correct answer is: Reduced demand charges on the utility bill
Q.157 Which of the following is a typical step in a Level 1 energy audit?
Collecting utility bills
Detailed airflow measurements
Installing new HVAC equipment
Drawing floor plans
Explanation - Level 1 audits rely on readily available data such as utility bills.
Correct answer is: Collecting utility bills
Q.158 Which of the following is a typical approach to reducing building envelope heat loss during a thermal audit?
Adding more windows
Adding insulation to walls and roofs
Installing a larger HVAC unit
Installing more occupants
Explanation - Insulation reduces heat transfer through the envelope.
Correct answer is: Adding insulation to walls and roofs
Q.159 Which of the following is a key metric for measuring HVAC energy consumption?
BTU per cubic foot of air
Luminous efficacy
Temperature (°C)
Humidity (%)
Explanation - BTU/ft³ quantifies the heat removed or added per unit of airflow.
Correct answer is: BTU per cubic foot of air
Q.160 Which of the following is a common method for measuring the temperature difference across a wall during an audit?
Thermocouple
Barometer
Anemometer
Hygrometer
Explanation - Thermocouples measure temperature differences between interior and exterior surfaces.
Correct answer is: Thermocouple
Q.161 Which of the following is a typical outcome of a 'Thermal Imaging' survey?
Identification of air leaks
Determining the number of occupants
Measuring the color of walls
Calculating building square footage
Explanation - Thermal images reveal temperature anomalies indicating heat loss.
Correct answer is: Identification of air leaks
Q.162 Which of the following is an example of an energy‑saving measure that can be implemented in a commercial building's HVAC system?
Installing a larger furnace
Adding more fans to the system
Upgrading to a variable‑speed compressor
Adding more windows
Explanation - Variable‑speed compressors adjust output to match load, improving efficiency.
Correct answer is: Upgrading to a variable‑speed compressor
Q.163 Which of the following is a common indicator that a building is not energy‑efficient?
High indoor temperature during cooling
Low indoor temperature during heating
High energy consumption during low occupancy
All of the above
Explanation - High temperature swings and high consumption indicate inefficiencies.
Correct answer is: All of the above