Q.1 Which of the following best describes DevOps in software engineering?
A methodology for testing only
A collaboration between development and operations teams
A new programming language
A hardware-based automation system
Explanation - DevOps emphasizes collaboration between development and operations teams to improve software delivery speed, reliability, and efficiency.
Correct answer is: A collaboration between development and operations teams
Q.2 What is the main advantage of using microservices architecture?
Tightly coupled modules
Easier scaling and maintenance
Requires no testing
Eliminates the need for APIs
Explanation - Microservices allow independent deployment and scaling of smaller modules, making maintenance easier and improving system scalability.
Correct answer is: Easier scaling and maintenance
Q.3 In software engineering, what does CI/CD stand for?
Continuous Innovation / Continuous Development
Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment
Code Inspection / Code Debugging
Centralized Integration / Centralized Distribution
Explanation - CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment, practices that automate building, testing, and deploying software.
Correct answer is: Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment
Q.4 Which emerging software engineering practice focuses on integrating AI in development workflows?
MLOps
DevOps
Agile
Kanban
Explanation - MLOps is an emerging field that applies DevOps principles to machine learning systems, integrating AI into software workflows.
Correct answer is: MLOps
Q.5 What is the primary purpose of containerization in modern software engineering?
To increase code readability
To isolate applications and ensure portability
To remove the need for databases
To replace cloud computing
Explanation - Containers package applications with their dependencies, ensuring consistency and portability across environments.
Correct answer is: To isolate applications and ensure portability
Q.6 Which technology is commonly used for container orchestration?
Docker
Kubernetes
Jenkins
GitHub
Explanation - Kubernetes is the most widely used tool for orchestrating containerized applications at scale.
Correct answer is: Kubernetes
Q.7 Blockchain in software engineering is primarily used for:
Enhancing databases with immutability
Speeding up graphics rendering
Improving hardware drivers
Creating new programming paradigms
Explanation - Blockchain provides a tamper-proof, immutable ledger system, useful for secure transactions and decentralized applications.
Correct answer is: Enhancing databases with immutability
Q.8 Which software engineering trend deals with reducing bias in automated decision systems?
Edge computing
Explainable AI
Serverless computing
Agile methodology
Explanation - Explainable AI focuses on making AI decisions understandable and reducing algorithmic bias.
Correct answer is: Explainable AI
Q.9 What does 'Serverless Computing' mean in modern software systems?
Running applications without servers
Abstracting server management from developers
Eliminating APIs
Building software without testing
Explanation - Serverless computing does not eliminate servers but abstracts server management, letting developers focus on code.
Correct answer is: Abstracting server management from developers
Q.10 Which software engineering trend supports running computation close to data sources?
Edge computing
Cloud computing
Blockchain
DevOps
Explanation - Edge computing reduces latency by processing data near the source rather than relying on centralized cloud servers.
Correct answer is: Edge computing
Q.11 Quantum computing in software engineering is expected to impact which area most significantly?
Database indexing
Cryptography
Frontend design
Agile practices
Explanation - Quantum computing could break current cryptographic systems and introduce new quantum-safe algorithms.
Correct answer is: Cryptography
Q.12 Which methodology emphasizes continuous feedback and iterative delivery?
Waterfall
Agile
Big Bang
Spiral
Explanation - Agile promotes iterative development and continuous feedback, unlike the rigid waterfall model.
Correct answer is: Agile
Q.13 Low-code development platforms are designed to:
Reduce testing needs
Enable faster app development with minimal coding
Eliminate programming languages
Focus on hardware optimization
Explanation - Low-code platforms allow developers and even non-programmers to build apps quickly using drag-and-drop interfaces.
Correct answer is: Enable faster app development with minimal coding
Q.14 Which emerging approach focuses on integrating security in every stage of software development?
DevSecOps
Agile
Kanban
Scrum
Explanation - DevSecOps extends DevOps by embedding security practices throughout the software development lifecycle.
Correct answer is: DevSecOps
Q.15 Digital twins in software engineering are used for:
Replicating databases
Creating virtual models of physical systems
Eliminating cloud servers
Improving network protocols
Explanation - Digital twins are virtual representations of real-world systems used for monitoring, simulation, and optimization.
Correct answer is: Creating virtual models of physical systems
Q.16 Which of the following is an advantage of cloud-native applications?
Dependence on a single operating system
Better scalability and resilience
No need for security
Elimination of APIs
Explanation - Cloud-native applications are designed for scalability, resilience, and flexibility in cloud environments.
Correct answer is: Better scalability and resilience
Q.17 What does 'shift-left testing' mean in software engineering?
Testing after deployment
Testing earlier in the development cycle
Eliminating unit testing
Testing only UI components
Explanation - Shift-left testing means moving testing activities earlier in the development process to detect issues sooner.
Correct answer is: Testing earlier in the development cycle
Q.18 In AI-assisted software engineering, code completion tools like GitHub Copilot are examples of:
Intelligent IDE assistants
Blockchain platforms
Testing frameworks
Container orchestrators
Explanation - AI-powered code completion tools help developers by suggesting relevant code snippets inside IDEs.
Correct answer is: Intelligent IDE assistants
Q.19 What is a key characteristic of progressive web applications (PWAs)?
They only work offline
They require no browsers
They combine web and native app features
They replace all mobile apps
Explanation - PWAs provide app-like experiences while running in web browsers, including offline support and push notifications.
Correct answer is: They combine web and native app features
Q.20 Which trend uses automated bots to detect and fix vulnerabilities in dependencies?
Dependabot automation
DevSecOps
Blockchain validation
Quantum algorithms
Explanation - Tools like Dependabot automatically monitor dependencies for vulnerabilities and suggest fixes.
Correct answer is: Dependabot automation
Q.21 Green software engineering focuses on:
Faster execution only
Reducing environmental impact of software systems
Maximizing hardware usage
Eliminating cloud infrastructure
Explanation - Green software engineering emphasizes building sustainable systems with reduced carbon footprints.
Correct answer is: Reducing environmental impact of software systems
Q.22 Which software engineering trend emphasizes AI-driven testing?
Autonomous testing
Agile
Waterfall
Edge computing
Explanation - Autonomous testing uses AI/ML to design, run, and analyze software tests automatically.
Correct answer is: Autonomous testing
Q.23 What does Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enable?
Automatic UI generation
Managing infrastructure using code
Replacing databases
Cloud-free computing
Explanation - IaC automates infrastructure management using machine-readable definition files instead of manual processes.
Correct answer is: Managing infrastructure using code
Q.24 Which of the following best describes 'software observability'?
Monitoring system logs only
Gaining insights into system behavior through logs, metrics, and traces
Eliminating testing
Measuring only system uptime
Explanation - Observability combines logs, metrics, and traces to help engineers understand and troubleshoot complex systems.
Correct answer is: Gaining insights into system behavior through logs, metrics, and traces
Q.25 Which software engineering practice uses feature toggles for controlled releases?
Continuous delivery
Feature flagging
Agile standups
Waterfall
Explanation - Feature flagging allows developers to enable or disable features at runtime without redeploying code.
Correct answer is: Feature flagging