Q.1 Which of the following best describes the Waterfall model?
A linear sequential approach where each phase must be completed before the next begins
An iterative model with repeated cycles
A model focused on rapid prototyping
A model without distinct phases
Explanation - The Waterfall model follows a sequential design process: requirements → design → implementation → testing → maintenance.
Correct answer is: A linear sequential approach where each phase must be completed before the next begins
Q.2 Which software process model is most suitable for projects with rapidly changing requirements?
Waterfall Model
Spiral Model
V-Model
Incremental Model
Explanation - The Spiral model allows iterative refinement through repeated cycles, making it suitable for projects with evolving requirements.
Correct answer is: Spiral Model
Q.3 What is the main advantage of the Incremental model?
All requirements must be known upfront
Software is developed and delivered in pieces or increments
It eliminates the need for testing
It avoids documentation
Explanation - Incremental model develops the system in small parts, allowing partial deployment and feedback at each stage.
Correct answer is: Software is developed and delivered in pieces or increments
Q.4 Which model emphasizes verification and validation at each stage?
V-Model
Waterfall Model
Iterative Model
Prototyping Model
Explanation - The V-Model maps each development phase to a corresponding testing phase, ensuring verification and validation.
Correct answer is: V-Model
Q.5 Rapid Application Development (RAD) model primarily focuses on:
Extensive upfront planning
Quick development using prototypes
Sequential development
Testing only after development is complete
Explanation - RAD emphasizes rapid prototyping and iterative delivery to speed up the development process.
Correct answer is: Quick development using prototypes
Q.6 Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Waterfall model?
It is expensive for large projects
It does not support changing requirements easily
It lacks documentation
It cannot be used for small projects
Explanation - Waterfall requires all requirements to be defined upfront; changes later are costly and difficult to manage.
Correct answer is: It does not support changing requirements easily
Q.7 In which model is risk analysis an explicit activity?
Spiral Model
Incremental Model
Waterfall Model
RAD Model
Explanation - The Spiral model includes risk analysis as a core activity in each iteration to manage potential project risks.
Correct answer is: Spiral Model
Q.8 Which process model is also called the 'Classic Life Cycle'?
Waterfall Model
Agile Model
Spiral Model
RAD Model
Explanation - The Waterfall model is considered the traditional or classic software development life cycle model.
Correct answer is: Waterfall Model
Q.9 What is the main goal of the Prototyping model?
To create a full system immediately
To build a working prototype for user feedback before full development
To avoid documentation
To implement testing only after deployment
Explanation - Prototyping allows users to evaluate and refine requirements early by using a functional model of the system.
Correct answer is: To build a working prototype for user feedback before full development
Q.10 Agile methodology emphasizes:
Comprehensive documentation and rigid plans
Flexibility, collaboration, and iterative delivery
Single-phase development
Extensive upfront design
Explanation - Agile promotes adaptive planning, early delivery, and continual improvement with a focus on customer collaboration.
Correct answer is: Flexibility, collaboration, and iterative delivery
Q.11 Which model is particularly suitable for large, complex, and high-risk projects?
Waterfall Model
Spiral Model
RAD Model
Prototyping Model
Explanation - The Spiral model's iterative cycles and focus on risk management make it ideal for large and high-risk projects.
Correct answer is: Spiral Model
Q.12 In the Incremental model, testing is done:
Only at the end of the project
After each increment is developed
Before development begins
Only during maintenance
Explanation - Incremental development allows testing of each increment independently to ensure functionality before moving to the next increment.
Correct answer is: After each increment is developed
Q.13 Which software process model is most appropriate for small projects with well-understood requirements?
Waterfall Model
Agile Model
Spiral Model
RAD Model
Explanation - For small projects with clear requirements, the linear Waterfall model is efficient and easy to manage.
Correct answer is: Waterfall Model
Q.14 Which model is based on building successive prototypes to refine requirements?
Prototyping Model
Waterfall Model
V-Model
Spiral Model
Explanation - The Prototyping model iteratively develops working models to capture user requirements accurately.
Correct answer is: Prototyping Model
Q.15 Which model encourages concurrent development activities?
Concurrent Development Model
Waterfall Model
V-Model
RAD Model
Explanation - The Concurrent model allows multiple activities such as coding, testing, and design to occur simultaneously.
Correct answer is: Concurrent Development Model
Q.16 Agile models include all of the following EXCEPT:
Scrum
Extreme Programming (XP)
RAD
Kanban
Explanation - RAD is a rapid development model but is not strictly considered an Agile methodology.
Correct answer is: RAD
Q.17 What is a key characteristic of the Spiral model?
It is strictly linear
It focuses on iterative risk assessment and refinement
It avoids prototyping
It eliminates documentation
Explanation - The Spiral model combines iterative development with systematic risk analysis for better project management.
Correct answer is: It focuses on iterative risk assessment and refinement
Q.18 Which model is best for projects where user interaction and feedback are critical?
Prototyping Model
Waterfall Model
V-Model
Spiral Model
Explanation - Prototyping allows early user feedback and interaction to refine the system before final development.
Correct answer is: Prototyping Model
Q.19 In which model is software delivered incrementally to the customer?
Incremental Model
Waterfall Model
V-Model
Spiral Model
Explanation - The Incremental model breaks the system into parts, delivering each increment to the customer as it is completed.
Correct answer is: Incremental Model
Q.20 Which of the following is a limitation of the RAD model?
It cannot handle changing requirements
It requires highly skilled developers and designers
It is too rigid for small projects
It discourages user feedback
Explanation - RAD relies on rapid prototyping and component reuse, requiring experienced developers for success.
Correct answer is: It requires highly skilled developers and designers
Q.21 Which model is also known as the Verification and Validation model?
V-Model
Waterfall Model
Agile Model
Prototyping Model
Explanation - The V-Model pairs each development phase with a corresponding testing phase to emphasize verification and validation.
Correct answer is: V-Model
Q.22 Which process model is flexible enough to accommodate frequent requirement changes?
Agile Model
Waterfall Model
V-Model
Concurrent Model
Explanation - Agile methodologies are designed to embrace change, allowing teams to adapt and refine requirements iteratively.
Correct answer is: Agile Model
Q.23 Which model allows partial implementation to be delivered to the client before final completion?
Incremental Model
Waterfall Model
V-Model
RAD Model
Explanation - Incremental development delivers functional parts of the software as they are completed, allowing early use and feedback.
Correct answer is: Incremental Model
Q.24 Which model is generally the most expensive and time-consuming due to extensive risk analysis?
Spiral Model
Waterfall Model
RAD Model
Prototyping Model
Explanation - Spiral model's focus on iterative risk assessment and planning can increase cost and development time compared to simpler models.
Correct answer is: Spiral Model