Q.1 Which of the following best describes Agile methodology?
A sequential development model
A flexible iterative approach
A rigid documentation process
A testing-only process
Explanation - Agile focuses on iterative development, flexibility, and customer collaboration, unlike traditional sequential models.
Correct answer is: A flexible iterative approach
Q.2 What is the main goal of DevOps?
To separate development and operations
To eliminate automation
To bridge development and operations
To focus only on coding
Explanation - DevOps integrates development and operations to improve collaboration, automation, and delivery speed.
Correct answer is: To bridge development and operations
Q.3 Which Agile framework uses 'sprints' for time-boxed iterations?
Kanban
Scrum
Lean
XP
Explanation - Scrum is an Agile framework that organizes work into fixed-length iterations called sprints.
Correct answer is: Scrum
Q.4 In Agile, who is responsible for ensuring the team follows Agile practices?
Product Owner
Scrum Master
Project Manager
Developer
Explanation - The Scrum Master facilitates the process and ensures the team adheres to Agile principles.
Correct answer is: Scrum Master
Q.5 What does CI/CD stand for in DevOps?
Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment
Continuous Implementation / Continuous Design
Code Inspection / Code Debugging
Controlled Iterations / Continuous Delivery
Explanation - CI/CD refers to automating the integration and deployment of code to improve software delivery.
Correct answer is: Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment
Q.6 Which Agile principle emphasizes working software as a measure of progress?
Customer collaboration
Simplicity
Working software
Documentation
Explanation - Agile values working software over comprehensive documentation to measure progress effectively.
Correct answer is: Working software
Q.7 In DevOps, what is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?
Manual server setup
Automated infrastructure management via code
Hardware configuration scripts
Code written in C language
Explanation - IaC means managing infrastructure using code for automation and consistency.
Correct answer is: Automated infrastructure management via code
Q.8 Which Agile framework emphasizes limiting Work In Progress (WIP)?
Scrum
Kanban
Lean
Crystal
Explanation - Kanban focuses on visualizing workflow and limiting WIP to improve efficiency.
Correct answer is: Kanban
Q.9 In Scrum, who is responsible for maximizing product value?
Scrum Master
Product Owner
Developer
Stakeholder
Explanation - The Product Owner manages the product backlog and ensures the team builds maximum value.
Correct answer is: Product Owner
Q.10 Which DevOps practice ensures software works in production-like environments early?
Automated testing
Continuous delivery
Shift-left testing
Infrastructure as Code
Explanation - Shift-left testing emphasizes testing early in the development lifecycle, similar to production conditions.
Correct answer is: Shift-left testing
Q.11 Which Agile manifesto value contrasts with 'contract negotiation'?
Processes and tools
Working software
Customer collaboration
Comprehensive documentation
Explanation - Agile prioritizes customer collaboration over rigid contract negotiation.
Correct answer is: Customer collaboration
Q.12 What is the main benefit of Continuous Integration (CI)?
Avoids version control
Reduces merge conflicts and detects bugs early
Eliminates coding standards
Focuses only on UI design
Explanation - CI ensures frequent code integration, reducing conflicts and enabling early bug detection.
Correct answer is: Reduces merge conflicts and detects bugs early
Q.13 In Agile, what is a user story?
Detailed technical requirement
A bug report
A short description of a feature from user perspective
A project plan
Explanation - User stories describe features in simple language from the end-user’s perspective.
Correct answer is: A short description of a feature from user perspective
Q.14 Which tool is commonly used for CI/CD pipelines?
Jenkins
MS Word
Excel
Photoshop
Explanation - Jenkins is a widely used automation server for CI/CD pipelines in DevOps.
Correct answer is: Jenkins
Q.15 What does a burndown chart track in Scrum?
Team members’ attendance
Remaining work vs time
Number of bugs
Code complexity
Explanation - A burndown chart shows remaining work across a sprint to track progress.
Correct answer is: Remaining work vs time
Q.16 Which DevOps culture principle focuses on small, incremental releases?
Waterfall
Big Bang Deployment
Continuous Delivery
Code Freeze
Explanation - Continuous Delivery promotes releasing software in small, frequent increments.
Correct answer is: Continuous Delivery
Q.17 What is the time-box length of a typical Scrum sprint?
1-4 weeks
6 months
1 day
12 weeks
Explanation - Scrum sprints usually last between 1 to 4 weeks for iterative delivery.
Correct answer is: 1-4 weeks
Q.18 Which Agile methodology promotes pair programming and test-driven development?
XP (Extreme Programming)
Scrum
Kanban
SAFe
Explanation - Extreme Programming focuses on engineering practices like pair programming and TDD.
Correct answer is: XP (Extreme Programming)
Q.19 In DevOps, what is 'blue-green deployment'?
Switching between two environments for safe releases
Testing with blue and green teams
Using color-coded coding standards
A debugging method
Explanation - Blue-green deployment reduces downtime by switching traffic between two environments.
Correct answer is: Switching between two environments for safe releases
Q.20 What is the role of a 'retrospective' in Agile?
To design the product
To reflect on past work and improve
To assign tasks
To review budgets
Explanation - Retrospectives allow teams to reflect on the sprint and identify improvement opportunities.
Correct answer is: To reflect on past work and improve
Q.21 Which company originally developed the DevOps culture?
Google
Amazon
Flickr
Microsoft
Explanation - Flickr pioneered DevOps practices with frequent deployments in the mid-2000s.
Correct answer is: Flickr
Q.22 What is a 'minimum viable product' (MVP) in Agile?
The smallest version of a product with enough features for feedback
A bug-free final product
A prototype with no functionality
A complete system design document
Explanation - An MVP delivers core functionality to gather early feedback from users.
Correct answer is: The smallest version of a product with enough features for feedback
Q.23 Which metric is often used to measure DevOps performance?
Deployment frequency
Team size
Documentation length
Number of meetings
Explanation - DevOps performance is measured by metrics like deployment frequency, lead time, and recovery rate.
Correct answer is: Deployment frequency
Q.24 Which Agile scaling framework is designed for large enterprises?
Scrum
Kanban
SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework)
XP
Explanation - SAFe helps scale Agile practices across large organizations and multiple teams.
Correct answer is: SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework)
Q.25 In Agile, what does the 'Definition of Done' ensure?
Work is complete and meets agreed standards
A new sprint begins
Code is written only
A release is deployed
Explanation - Definition of Done sets criteria to confirm a task is truly complete and deliverable.
Correct answer is: Work is complete and meets agreed standards