Q.1 What is the main purpose of edge computing in IoT?
Data storage
Local data processing
Cloud visualization
User interface design
Explanation - Edge computing processes data locally near the data source, reducing latency and bandwidth usage.
Correct answer is: Local data processing
Q.2 Fog computing acts as an intermediary layer between:
Edge devices and users
Cloud and edge devices
Routers and switches
Applications and servers
Explanation - Fog computing bridges cloud resources and edge devices to improve processing and scalability.
Correct answer is: Cloud and edge devices
Q.3 Which of the following is a key benefit of edge computing?
High latency
Reduced bandwidth usage
Centralized control
Unlimited storage
Explanation - By processing data locally, edge computing reduces the amount of data transmitted to the cloud.
Correct answer is: Reduced bandwidth usage
Q.4 Fog computing is best described as:
Data stored in devices only
Distributed cloud computing
A type of mobile app
High-level user interface
Explanation - Fog computing extends cloud services closer to IoT devices using distributed resources.
Correct answer is: Distributed cloud computing
Q.5 Which layer does fog computing primarily support?
Application
Perception
Network
Middleware
Explanation - Fog computing resides between edge devices and cloud, largely at the network layer.
Correct answer is: Network
Q.6 Which IoT challenge is addressed by edge computing?
Data redundancy
Latency
Complex algorithms
Device mobility
Explanation - Edge computing reduces the time data takes to travel to a remote cloud, lowering latency.
Correct answer is: Latency
Q.7 Fog computing can be seen as an extension of:
Centralized servers
Edge computing
Database systems
Mobile applications
Explanation - Fog computing extends the concept of edge computing by including networking, storage, and cloud integration.
Correct answer is: Edge computing
Q.8 Which of the following is NOT a feature of edge computing?
Real-time processing
Low latency
Centralized analysis
Local decision-making
Explanation - Edge computing avoids centralized analysis by enabling processing at the device or local gateway.
Correct answer is: Centralized analysis
Q.9 Fog computing often uses which devices for intermediate processing?
Gateways
Smartphones
Wearables
Sensors
Explanation - IoT gateways are commonly used as fog nodes to process and filter data before cloud transmission.
Correct answer is: Gateways
Q.10 Which company popularized the term 'Fog Computing'?
IBM
Cisco
Google
Microsoft
Explanation - Cisco introduced the term fog computing to describe cloud extensions closer to IoT devices.
Correct answer is: Cisco
Q.11 Edge computing is critical for which type of IoT application?
Email services
Real-time video analytics
Cloud storage
Social networking
Explanation - Video analytics requires low latency and large bandwidth, which edge computing optimizes.
Correct answer is: Real-time video analytics
Q.12 Which is a drawback of relying only on cloud computing in IoT?
High latency
Low storage
No scalability
Fewer devices supported
Explanation - Cloud-only models introduce delays in response time, unsuitable for real-time IoT tasks.
Correct answer is: High latency
Q.13 Which of these devices typically operate at the edge?
Smartphones
Cloud servers
Data centers
Mainframes
Explanation - Smartphones, sensors, and gateways are edge devices close to data sources.
Correct answer is: Smartphones
Q.14 Which protocol is often used in fog computing for communication?
HTTP
MQTT
SMTP
POP3
Explanation - MQTT is lightweight and ideal for IoT fog-to-cloud communications.
Correct answer is: MQTT
Q.15 Fog nodes are responsible for:
Storing data permanently
Preprocessing data
Replacing sensors
Running social apps
Explanation - Fog nodes filter and preprocess data to reduce cloud load.
Correct answer is: Preprocessing data
Q.16 Which term best describes fog computing?
Cloud-only
Edge-only
Hybrid distributed system
Sensor network
Explanation - Fog computing is a hybrid model that extends cloud closer to devices while using distributed resources.
Correct answer is: Hybrid distributed system
Q.17 In IoT, which architecture combines cloud, fog, and edge layers?
Hierarchical
Flat
Centralized
Clustered
Explanation - A hierarchical model places edge at the bottom, fog in the middle, and cloud at the top.
Correct answer is: Hierarchical
Q.18 Edge computing is especially beneficial in:
Remote healthcare monitoring
Static file hosting
Email servers
DNS resolution
Explanation - Healthcare requires real-time analysis, achievable with edge processing.
Correct answer is: Remote healthcare monitoring
Q.19 Which is a limitation of edge computing?
Limited local resources
High latency
No real-time response
Weak security
Explanation - Edge devices typically have constrained computing and storage capacity compared to the cloud.
Correct answer is: Limited local resources
Q.20 Fog computing can be considered as:
Cloud at the edge
Only sensor communication
Wireless spectrum
Social media
Explanation - Fog computing provides cloud-like services closer to IoT endpoints.
Correct answer is: Cloud at the edge
Q.21 Which IoT scenario is best suited for fog computing?
Self-driving cars
Static database queries
Simple calculators
Text editing
Explanation - Fog computing supports ultra-low latency decision-making required in autonomous vehicles.
Correct answer is: Self-driving cars
Q.22 Which computing paradigm focuses on decentralization of IoT processing?
Cloud computing
Fog computing
Data warehousing
Mainframe computing
Explanation - Fog computing decentralizes IoT processing by using intermediate nodes.
Correct answer is: Fog computing
Q.23 Which of these is a similarity between fog and edge computing?
Both provide low latency
Both are centralized
Both require cloud only
Both replace networks
Explanation - Both paradigms aim to reduce latency by processing data closer to devices.
Correct answer is: Both provide low latency
Q.24 Which is a distinguishing feature of fog computing over edge computing?
Distributed nodes
Local decision-making
Low latency
Close to devices
Explanation - Fog computing distributes processing across multiple nodes beyond the immediate edge.
Correct answer is: Distributed nodes
Q.25 Which layer benefits most from edge analytics?
Perception layer
Application layer
Transport layer
Cloud layer
Explanation - Edge analytics operates close to sensors and devices, which are part of the perception layer.
Correct answer is: Perception layer