Q.1 Which of the following is a key feature of NewSQL databases?
Support for unstructured data only
Combining ACID compliance with scalability
Lack of SQL support
Exclusive use for small datasets
Explanation - NewSQL databases aim to provide the scalability of NoSQL systems while maintaining the ACID guarantees of traditional SQL databases.
Correct answer is: Combining ACID compliance with scalability
Q.2 Which emerging database technology is primarily used for large-scale graph data?
Relational Databases
Graph Databases
Document Databases
Key-Value Stores
Explanation - Graph databases are optimized for handling data structured as nodes, edges, and properties, making them ideal for social networks, recommendation engines, and network analysis.
Correct answer is: Graph Databases
Q.3 What is a major trend in cloud database deployment?
Exclusive on-premises deployment
Hybrid and multi-cloud deployments
Elimination of security features
Manual scaling of resources
Explanation - Modern databases increasingly support hybrid architectures and multi-cloud deployments to improve scalability, availability, and disaster recovery.
Correct answer is: Hybrid and multi-cloud deployments
Q.4 Which emerging technology enables real-time analytics on streaming data?
Data Warehousing
In-Memory Databases
Batch Processing
Relational Databases
Explanation - In-memory databases store data in RAM rather than on disk, enabling ultra-fast access and real-time analytics on streaming data.
Correct answer is: In-Memory Databases
Q.5 Which database type is most suitable for handling IoT-generated data?
Graph Databases
Time-Series Databases
Relational Databases
Flat File Systems
Explanation - Time-series databases are optimized for handling sequentially indexed data, which is common in IoT applications such as sensors and telemetry.
Correct answer is: Time-Series Databases
Q.6 Which of the following is considered a serverless database platform?
Amazon Aurora Serverless
MySQL Community Edition
Oracle 11g
PostgreSQL 9.6
Explanation - Serverless databases automatically scale resources based on demand, reducing operational overhead. Amazon Aurora Serverless is a leading example.
Correct answer is: Amazon Aurora Serverless
Q.7 Blockchain databases are primarily used for which of the following purposes?
High-speed in-memory computation
Immutable transaction recording
Traditional SQL query optimization
Streaming analytics
Explanation - Blockchain technology ensures tamper-proof and immutable records, making it suitable for financial transactions, supply chains, and digital assets.
Correct answer is: Immutable transaction recording
Q.8 Which emerging database concept emphasizes minimal human administration and auto-scaling?
Self-driving databases
Data lakes
Graph databases
ETL pipelines
Explanation - Self-driving databases leverage AI and automation to manage performance tuning, scaling, and maintenance without extensive human intervention.
Correct answer is: Self-driving databases
Q.9 Which database trend focuses on unifying OLTP and OLAP workloads?
HTAP (Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing)
NoSQL
Distributed Ledger
Columnar Storage
Explanation - HTAP databases allow real-time transactional and analytical processing in a single system, improving efficiency and reducing latency.
Correct answer is: HTAP (Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing)
Q.10 Which of the following is a key driver for edge databases?
High-latency cloud connections
Decentralized, low-latency processing near devices
Requirement for large-scale relational queries
Batch processing of historical data
Explanation - Edge databases process data close to the source, reducing latency and bandwidth usage, which is critical for IoT and real-time applications.
Correct answer is: Decentralized, low-latency processing near devices
Q.11 Which emerging trend allows developers to interact with databases using AI-powered natural language queries?
GraphQL interfaces
AI-assisted query interfaces
Batch ETL processing
Manual SQL optimization
Explanation - AI-assisted interfaces allow users to ask questions in natural language and convert them into optimized database queries, increasing accessibility and productivity.
Correct answer is: AI-assisted query interfaces
Q.12 Multi-model databases support:
Only relational data
Only document data
Multiple data models like document, graph, key-value
Only unstructured data
Explanation - Multi-model databases enable storing and querying different types of data models within a single database system, providing flexibility for modern applications.
Correct answer is: Multiple data models like document, graph, key-value
Q.13 Which emerging database technology is optimized for analytics on massive datasets using distributed computing?
Hadoop-based Data Lakes
In-memory relational databases
Key-Value Stores
Graph Databases
Explanation - Data lakes built on Hadoop or similar platforms allow storing and processing massive amounts of structured and unstructured data using distributed computing frameworks.
Correct answer is: Hadoop-based Data Lakes
Q.14 Serverless databases are characterized by:
Fixed resource allocation
Automatic scaling based on workload
Manual replication configuration
Single-node deployment only
Explanation - Serverless databases dynamically allocate resources according to workload demand, minimizing manual management and cost.
Correct answer is: Automatic scaling based on workload
Q.15 Which emerging database trend is closely associated with microservices architecture?
Polyglot persistence
Batch ETL
Data Warehousing
Traditional RDBMS
Explanation - Polyglot persistence involves using different database technologies for different services, which aligns with microservices' principle of using the best tool for each component.
Correct answer is: Polyglot persistence
Q.16 Graph databases are particularly useful in which of the following applications?
Bank account ledger maintenance
Social network connections
Simple inventory management
Batch transaction processing
Explanation - Graph databases excel at managing and querying complex relationships, such as friend connections, recommendations, and network analyses.
Correct answer is: Social network connections
Q.17 Which technology trend focuses on providing database services on demand without server management?
Cloud-native databases
Embedded databases
Flat-file databases
Distributed ledger databases
Explanation - Cloud-native databases leverage cloud infrastructure for automatic scaling, high availability, and minimal administration.
Correct answer is: Cloud-native databases
Q.18 Which database innovation allows analytics on live transactional data without affecting performance?
OLAP cubes
HTAP systems
Batch processing
Columnar RDBMS
Explanation - HTAP (Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing) enables concurrent transactional and analytical processing, supporting real-time insights on live data.
Correct answer is: HTAP systems
Q.19 Which emerging trend focuses on decentralizing data storage to improve security and redundancy?
Blockchain databases
Centralized RDBMS
Data lakes
In-memory databases
Explanation - Blockchain databases decentralize data across nodes, ensuring immutability, security, and redundancy, making tampering difficult.
Correct answer is: Blockchain databases
Q.20 Time-series databases are designed primarily for:
Handling sequential, timestamped data efficiently
Storing large text documents
Relational joins between tables
Real-time AI inference
Explanation - Time-series databases optimize storage and querying of sequential data points indexed by time, which is common in IoT, finance, and monitoring applications.
Correct answer is: Handling sequential, timestamped data efficiently
Q.21 Which emerging database type is designed to handle huge volumes of semi-structured data with high flexibility?
Document-oriented databases
Relational databases
Key-value databases
Graph databases
Explanation - Document-oriented databases, like MongoDB, store semi-structured data (JSON, XML) and allow flexible schema design, suitable for modern applications.
Correct answer is: Document-oriented databases
Q.22 Edge databases are most beneficial in:
Data centers only
IoT and local device processing scenarios
Batch data warehouses
Static websites
Explanation - Edge databases provide low-latency access and processing near the source, which is essential for IoT and real-time applications.
Correct answer is: IoT and local device processing scenarios
Q.23 Which emerging trend enables databases to support multiple query languages on a single dataset?
Multi-model databases
Single-table relational databases
Columnar stores
Key-value caches
Explanation - Multi-model databases allow access via SQL, graph queries, document APIs, etc., on the same dataset, improving flexibility for developers.
Correct answer is: Multi-model databases
Q.24 Which emerging database technology is most suitable for applications requiring tamper-proof audit trails?
Blockchain databases
Relational databases
Key-value stores
Time-series databases
Explanation - Blockchain databases maintain immutable records, making them ideal for applications needing secure, verifiable audit trails.
Correct answer is: Blockchain databases
Q.25 Which trend focuses on using AI/ML to optimize database operations automatically?
Autonomous databases
Flat-file storage
Distributed ledger
Batch ETL pipelines
Explanation - Autonomous databases leverage AI/ML to automate tasks like tuning, scaling, patching, and backup, reducing human intervention and errors.
Correct answer is: Autonomous databases