Q.1 Which rendering technique simulates the way light bounces off surfaces to create realistic images?
Rasterization
Ray Tracing
Scanline Rendering
Z-Buffering
Explanation - Ray tracing traces the path of light rays to simulate reflections, refractions, and shadows, creating realistic images.
Correct answer is: Ray Tracing
Q.2 What is the main disadvantage of ray tracing compared to rasterization?
Low image quality
High computational cost
Lack of realism
No support for textures
Explanation - Ray tracing is computationally expensive because it simulates multiple light paths per pixel, unlike rasterization which is faster but less realistic.
Correct answer is: High computational cost
Q.3 Which buffer is primarily used to handle hidden surface removal in rendering?
Frame Buffer
Z-Buffer
Stencil Buffer
Color Buffer
Explanation - The Z-buffer stores depth values to determine which objects are visible and which are hidden behind others.
Correct answer is: Z-Buffer
Q.4 Which shading model assumes light reflects equally in all directions?
Phong Shading
Flat Shading
Gouraud Shading
Lambertian Shading
Explanation - Lambertian shading assumes perfectly diffuse reflection where light is reflected uniformly in all directions.
Correct answer is: Lambertian Shading
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT a rendering technique?
Ray Casting
Rasterization
Fourier Transform
Radiosity
Explanation - Fourier Transform is a mathematical technique for signal processing, not a rendering technique.
Correct answer is: Fourier Transform
Q.6 Which algorithm is most suitable for real-time rendering in video games?
Ray Tracing
Radiosity
Rasterization
Path Tracing
Explanation - Rasterization is faster and widely used in real-time rendering such as in video games.
Correct answer is: Rasterization
Q.7 Phong shading is an improvement over Gouraud shading because:
It reduces memory usage
It interpolates normals instead of colors
It avoids the Z-buffer
It uses only flat colors
Explanation - Phong shading interpolates surface normals across pixels, resulting in smoother highlights compared to Gouraud shading.
Correct answer is: It interpolates normals instead of colors
Q.8 What is the primary purpose of anti-aliasing in rendering?
Increase frame rate
Reduce jagged edges
Improve memory efficiency
Enhance depth precision
Explanation - Anti-aliasing smooths out jagged edges in rendered images by blending colors at boundaries.
Correct answer is: Reduce jagged edges
Q.9 Which technique simulates global illumination by distributing light across surfaces?
Rasterization
Radiosity
Phong Shading
Ray Casting
Explanation - Radiosity computes diffuse inter-reflections between surfaces, simulating global illumination.
Correct answer is: Radiosity
Q.10 Which rendering technique is the basis for offline movie rendering?
Rasterization
Ray Tracing
Z-buffering
Scanline
Explanation - Movies often use ray tracing due to its photorealistic quality, despite being computationally expensive.
Correct answer is: Ray Tracing
Q.11 In rasterization, what is the role of the scan conversion step?
Transform coordinates
Convert primitives to pixels
Calculate light intensity
Sort triangles
Explanation - Scan conversion converts geometric primitives into pixel representations on the screen.
Correct answer is: Convert primitives to pixels
Q.12 Which shading technique can cause 'Mach banding' artifacts?
Flat Shading
Gouraud Shading
Phong Shading
Lambertian Shading
Explanation - Gouraud shading can produce banding artifacts where intensity transitions between vertices are noticeable.
Correct answer is: Gouraud Shading
Q.13 What is the primary goal of tone mapping in rendering?
Increase resolution
Convert HDR to LDR
Reduce computation time
Apply shadows
Explanation - Tone mapping converts high dynamic range images to low dynamic range displays while preserving visual details.
Correct answer is: Convert HDR to LDR
Q.14 In ray tracing, shadows are computed by:
Checking if a ray hits a light source
Interpolating vertex colors
Depth comparison in Z-buffer
Projecting polygons
Explanation - Shadow rays are cast toward light sources to check if objects block the light.
Correct answer is: Checking if a ray hits a light source
Q.15 Which rendering technique is most physically accurate but slowest?
Rasterization
Radiosity
Ray Casting
Path Tracing
Explanation - Path tracing simulates realistic light transport but is very slow compared to other methods.
Correct answer is: Path Tracing
Q.16 Which part of the rendering pipeline determines visible surfaces?
Lighting
Clipping
Hidden Surface Removal
Scan Conversion
Explanation - Hidden surface removal ensures only visible parts of objects are drawn.
Correct answer is: Hidden Surface Removal
Q.17 Which type of mapping simulates bumps and wrinkles on surfaces without increasing geometry?
Displacement Mapping
Bump Mapping
Environment Mapping
Texture Mapping
Explanation - Bump mapping perturbs surface normals to simulate detail without modifying geometry.
Correct answer is: Bump Mapping
Q.18 The Blinn-Phong model improves Phong shading by:
Using halfway vector for specular reflection
Reducing polygon count
Removing diffuse component
Faster Z-buffering
Explanation - The Blinn-Phong model uses a halfway vector between light and view directions to improve efficiency of specular highlights.
Correct answer is: Using halfway vector for specular reflection
Q.19 Which rendering algorithm is best for caustics and light scattering in water or glass?
Rasterization
Radiosity
Photon Mapping
Z-buffering
Explanation - Photon mapping simulates complex light effects like caustics by tracing photons through the scene.
Correct answer is: Photon Mapping
Q.20 Which rendering technique works by shooting rays from the eye into the scene?
Ray Tracing
Radiosity
Rasterization
Z-buffering
Explanation - Ray tracing begins by casting rays from the camera (eye) into the scene to determine visibility and lighting.
Correct answer is: Ray Tracing
Q.21 What is the main difference between ray casting and ray tracing?
Ray casting handles reflections, ray tracing doesn’t
Ray tracing includes reflections and refractions, ray casting does not
Ray casting is more realistic
Ray tracing ignores light sources
Explanation - Ray casting only determines visibility, while ray tracing simulates reflections, refractions, and shadows.
Correct answer is: Ray tracing includes reflections and refractions, ray casting does not
Q.22 Which type of aliasing occurs due to insufficient temporal sampling?
Spatial Aliasing
Texture Aliasing
Temporal Aliasing
Shadow Aliasing
Explanation - Temporal aliasing occurs when motion is sampled too infrequently, causing flickering or strobing effects.
Correct answer is: Temporal Aliasing
Q.23 What does the term 'frame buffer' refer to in rendering?
A buffer for 3D models
Storage for depth values
Memory holding pixel data for display
Temporary vertex storage
Explanation - The frame buffer holds the pixel data of the final rendered image before it is displayed on screen.
Correct answer is: Memory holding pixel data for display
Q.24 Which global illumination method subdivides surfaces into patches?
Radiosity
Path Tracing
Rasterization
Ray Casting
Explanation - Radiosity divides surfaces into patches and calculates light energy transfer between them.
Correct answer is: Radiosity
Q.25 In rendering, MIP mapping is primarily used to:
Simulate motion blur
Reduce aliasing in textures
Increase polygon count
Improve lighting accuracy
Explanation - MIP mapping stores textures at multiple resolutions to reduce aliasing when objects are far away.
Correct answer is: Reduce aliasing in textures