Q.1 What does perception in robotics primarily refer to?
Understanding robot kinematics
Robot’s ability to interpret sensory data
Controlling robot actuators
Designing robot bodies
Explanation - Perception in robotics refers to the process of collecting and interpreting sensory data (e.g., from cameras, lidar, sonar) so that the robot can understand its environment.
Correct answer is: Robot’s ability to interpret sensory data
Q.2 Which sensor is commonly used for depth perception in robots?
GPS
IMU
Lidar
Microphone
Explanation - Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) is widely used to measure distances and create 3D maps, helping robots perceive depth.
Correct answer is: Lidar
Q.3 What is SLAM in robotics?
Simultaneous Learning and Motion
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Sequential Localization and Measurement
Systematic Location and Monitoring
Explanation - SLAM allows a robot to build a map of an unknown environment while simultaneously keeping track of its own location within that map.
Correct answer is: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Q.4 Which of the following is an exteroceptive sensor?
Accelerometer
Gyroscope
Camera
Motor encoder
Explanation - Exteroceptive sensors gather information about the robot’s environment; cameras are a primary example.
Correct answer is: Camera
Q.5 What is the role of an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) in robotics?
Measuring speed of motors
Tracking position using satellites
Measuring acceleration and angular velocity
Capturing images
Explanation - IMUs help estimate robot orientation and motion by measuring acceleration and rotational velocity.
Correct answer is: Measuring acceleration and angular velocity
Q.6 Why do robots use stereo vision?
For higher image resolution
For depth estimation
For detecting colors
For recognizing shapes
Explanation - Stereo vision uses two cameras to mimic human binocular vision, allowing robots to estimate depth from images.
Correct answer is: For depth estimation
Q.7 Which algorithm is often used for object detection in robot perception?
Naïve Bayes
YOLO
K-means
Dijkstra’s algorithm
Explanation - YOLO (You Only Look Once) is a deep learning-based real-time object detection algorithm frequently used in robotics.
Correct answer is: YOLO
Q.8 What type of map does an occupancy grid represent?
Probability of obstacles in grid cells
Robot’s motor states
Topological connections
Robot kinematic structure
Explanation - An occupancy grid represents an environment as a grid where each cell holds the probability of being occupied by an obstacle.
Correct answer is: Probability of obstacles in grid cells
Q.9 Which sensor is best for detecting obstacles in darkness?
Camera
Lidar
Ultrasonic sensor
GPS
Explanation - Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves to detect obstacles and are effective in low-light or dark environments.
Correct answer is: Ultrasonic sensor
Q.10 In robotics, what is sensor fusion?
Using one sensor only
Combining data from multiple sensors
Calibrating sensors
Replacing faulty sensors
Explanation - Sensor fusion integrates data from various sensors (e.g., IMU + GPS + Lidar) to improve accuracy and reliability.
Correct answer is: Combining data from multiple sensors
Q.11 Which of these is NOT a perception challenge in robotics?
Sensor noise
Dynamic environments
Real-time processing
Battery capacity
Explanation - While battery capacity is an engineering challenge, it is not directly related to perception, which focuses on sensing and interpreting the environment.
Correct answer is: Battery capacity
Q.12 Which coordinate system is typically used for robot perception?
World frame
Camera frame
Robot base frame
All of the above
Explanation - Robotic perception often involves multiple coordinate frames (world, camera, robot base), requiring transformations between them.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.13 Kalman filters are widely used in robotics for:
Path planning
State estimation
Image classification
Object segmentation
Explanation - Kalman filters are mathematical tools for estimating the true state of a system from noisy sensor data, essential in robotics.
Correct answer is: State estimation
Q.14 What does visual odometry estimate?
Robot’s internal temperature
Robot’s pose from camera data
Number of obstacles nearby
Battery voltage
Explanation - Visual odometry estimates a robot’s motion (position and orientation) by analyzing sequential camera images.
Correct answer is: Robot’s pose from camera data
Q.15 Which sensor is MOST suitable for GPS-denied environments?
Compass
Lidar
GPS
RFID
Explanation - In GPS-denied areas (indoors, tunnels), Lidar is commonly used for localization and mapping.
Correct answer is: Lidar
Q.16 What is feature extraction in computer vision for robotics?
Learning motor parameters
Identifying distinctive points or patterns in images
Compressing images
Storing large datasets
Explanation - Feature extraction finds important points (corners, edges) in images to aid in recognition, matching, and navigation.
Correct answer is: Identifying distinctive points or patterns in images
Q.17 Which robot perception technique uses a point cloud?
Depth mapping
Path planning
Grasp planning
All of the above
Explanation - Point clouds represent 3D structure and are used in depth mapping, navigation, and robotic grasping.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.18 Optical flow is mainly used to estimate:
Robot energy consumption
Movement of objects in an image sequence
3D object reconstruction
Sensor drift
Explanation - Optical flow measures pixel motion between frames, helping estimate motion in vision-based robotics.
Correct answer is: Movement of objects in an image sequence
Q.19 Which algorithm is widely used for feature detection in vision-based robotics?
SIFT
PCA
Naive Bayes
A* search
Explanation - SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) is a popular algorithm for detecting and describing local features in images.
Correct answer is: SIFT
Q.20 Which of the following sensors directly measures velocity?
Wheel encoder
Accelerometer
Gyroscope
Lidar
Explanation - Wheel encoders directly measure wheel rotations, which can be used to calculate velocity.
Correct answer is: Wheel encoder
Q.21 What is the main drawback of using GPS for robot perception?
High energy consumption
Poor accuracy indoors
High cost
Slow data rate
Explanation - GPS works poorly indoors or in obstructed environments, limiting its use in robotic perception.
Correct answer is: Poor accuracy indoors
Q.22 Which type of robot perception focuses on understanding human gestures?
Haptic perception
Visual perception
Social perception
Auditory perception
Explanation - Social perception in robotics allows robots to interpret human gestures, emotions, and social cues.
Correct answer is: Social perception
Q.23 Which technique reduces sensor noise in robot perception?
Filtering
Segmentation
Path planning
Clustering
Explanation - Filtering techniques like Kalman and particle filters reduce sensor noise and improve perception accuracy.
Correct answer is: Filtering
Q.24 What does semantic segmentation in robotics do?
Detects robot motor failures
Assigns labels to each pixel in an image
Compresses visual data
Removes background noise
Explanation - Semantic segmentation classifies each pixel in an image into categories like road, car, pedestrian, etc.
Correct answer is: Assigns labels to each pixel in an image
Q.25 Which robotic application heavily depends on accurate perception?
Industrial welding
Autonomous driving
3D printing
Battery charging
Explanation - Autonomous vehicles rely heavily on perception systems to detect lanes, pedestrians, and obstacles.
Correct answer is: Autonomous driving