Q.1 What does the term 'rehabilitation engineering' primarily refer to?
Designing sports equipment for athletes
Developing technology to help individuals recover from injuries or disabilities
Building high-speed trains
Creating virtual reality games
Explanation - Rehabilitation engineering focuses on creating assistive devices and technologies that support recovery, improve function, and enhance quality of life for people with disabilities.
Correct answer is: Developing technology to help individuals recover from injuries or disabilities
Q.2 Which of the following is a primary goal of rehabilitation engineering?
Maximizing energy consumption
Providing devices that replace or augment lost body functions
Increasing manufacturing speed
Reducing the cost of everyday appliances
Explanation - The main aim is to restore or replace lost functions so that individuals can perform daily tasks more independently.
Correct answer is: Providing devices that replace or augment lost body functions
Q.3 Which field does NOT directly contribute to rehabilitation engineering?
Biomedical engineering
Electrical engineering
Mechanical engineering
Astrophysics
Explanation - While biomedical, electrical, and mechanical engineering provide tools and knowledge for assistive tech, astrophysics is unrelated to rehabilitation devices.
Correct answer is: Astrophysics
Q.4 The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is most useful for:
Classifying celestial bodies
Assessing patient health status and disability levels
Designing electric circuits
Calculating electrical power consumption
Explanation - ICF provides a framework for understanding and documenting the impact of health conditions on everyday functioning.
Correct answer is: Assessing patient health status and disability levels
Q.5 What does a 'prosthetic limb' replace?
A missing organ
A missing bone in the skull
A missing part of the body such as an arm or leg
The brain
Explanation - Prosthetics are artificial devices that replace missing limbs to restore function and mobility.
Correct answer is: A missing part of the body such as an arm or leg
Q.6 Which assistive device is best suited for someone with impaired hearing?
Wheelchair
Hearing aid
Cognitive training software
Assistive walking stick
Explanation - Hearing aids amplify sound and help those with hearing loss perceive auditory information.
Correct answer is: Hearing aid
Q.7 In rehabilitation engineering, the term 'assistive technology' refers to:
Tools that only entertain
Technological devices that help people with disabilities to perform tasks
Hardware used in space exploration
Software used for financial calculations
Explanation - Assistive technology encompasses devices, systems, or software designed to aid individuals with functional limitations.
Correct answer is: Technological devices that help people with disabilities to perform tasks
Q.8 Which type of sensor would be most useful in a robotic exoskeleton to detect muscle activation?
Accelerometer
EMG sensor
Temperature sensor
Pressure sensor
Explanation - Electromyography (EMG) sensors measure electrical activity produced by muscles, which is essential for controlling exoskeleton movement.
Correct answer is: EMG sensor
Q.9 What is the function of a 'haptic interface' in a rehabilitation device?
Provide visual feedback
Deliver touch-based feedback to the user
Increase battery life
Monitor heart rate
Explanation - Haptic interfaces generate tactile sensations that help users perceive position, force, or texture in rehabilitation tasks.
Correct answer is: Deliver touch-based feedback to the user
Q.10 Which signal processing technique is commonly used to reduce noise from EEG signals?
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Low-pass filtering
Histogram equalization
Color inversion
Explanation - Low‑pass filtering removes high‑frequency noise, preserving the lower‑frequency components of EEG that represent neural activity.
Correct answer is: Low-pass filtering
Q.11 In a prosthetic hand, the 'actuator' typically serves to:
Detect user intention
Move fingers or joints
Store data
Provide electrical safety
Explanation - Actuators convert electrical signals into mechanical motion, allowing the prosthetic to open or close fingers.
Correct answer is: Move fingers or joints
Q.12 Which type of wheelchair is most appropriate for an individual who can walk only short distances?
Standard manual wheelchair
Mobility scooter
Power wheelchair
Stand-assisted wheelchair
Explanation - Stand‑assisted wheelchairs provide a mechanism for the user to stand and ambulate, supporting those who can walk only short distances.
Correct answer is: Stand-assisted wheelchair
Q.13 A 'speech synthesizer' is an example of assistive technology primarily used by people with:
Visual impairment
Speech or voice disorders
Hearing impairment
Upper limb amputations
Explanation - Speech synthesizers generate spoken language, aiding those who cannot speak normally.
Correct answer is: Speech or voice disorders
Q.14 Which of the following is a key advantage of using a myoelectric prosthetic arm?
It can only lift small weights
It uses electrical signals from residual muscles for control
It requires no batteries
It is purely cosmetic
Explanation - Myoelectric prostheses detect muscle signals to interpret user intent, enabling more natural movements.
Correct answer is: It uses electrical signals from residual muscles for control
Q.15 The 'assistive technology' for visually impaired people that reads text aloud is known as:
Screen reader
Braille display
Tactile map
Audio book
Explanation - Screen readers convert on‑screen text into speech, allowing visually impaired users to access digital content.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.16 Which device is used to help individuals with speech impediments practice clear articulation?
Therapeutic treadmill
Speech therapy app
Hearing aid
Cognitive rehabilitation software
Explanation - Apps can provide exercises, feedback, and tracking to improve speech clarity for users.
Correct answer is: Speech therapy app
Q.17 What is the primary difference between 'prosthetics' and 'orthotics'?
Prosthetics replace missing limbs; orthotics support existing limbs or joints
Orthotics replace missing limbs; prosthetics support existing limbs or joints
They are the same
Orthotics are used only for children
Explanation - Prosthetics are artificial limbs, while orthotics are devices that assist or correct the function of existing body parts.
Correct answer is: Prosthetics replace missing limbs; orthotics support existing limbs or joints
Q.18 Which of these is not a common component in a wearable rehabilitation exoskeleton?
Actuators
Sensors
Solar panels
Control algorithms
Explanation - Exoskeletons use actuators, sensors, and control logic; solar panels are rarely part of the core design.
Correct answer is: Solar panels
Q.19 Which type of interface allows a user to control a prosthetic device using eye movements?
Eye‑tracking interface
Brain‑computer interface (BCI)
Keyboard interface
Touchpad interface
Explanation - Eye‑tracking captures gaze direction to interpret user intent for device control.
Correct answer is: Eye‑tracking interface
Q.20 In the context of assistive technology, what does 'adaptive software' refer to?
Software that adapts to different operating systems
Software that changes its interface to accommodate user impairments
Software that updates automatically
Software that manages battery life
Explanation - Adaptive software customizes visual, auditory, or input methods to suit individual user needs.
Correct answer is: Software that changes its interface to accommodate user impairments
Q.21 Which sensor type is ideal for measuring joint angles in a robotic rehabilitation glove?
Gyroscope
Proximity sensor
Tactile sensor
Optical sensor
Explanation - Gyroscopes measure angular velocity, useful for estimating joint orientation.
Correct answer is: Gyroscope
Q.22 What is the main role of a 'feedback controller' in a rehabilitation robot?
To detect user intent
To regulate the robot’s motion based on sensor data
To power the device
To display data on a screen
Explanation - Feedback controllers use sensor inputs to adjust actuator outputs, ensuring accurate, safe movement.
Correct answer is: To regulate the robot’s motion based on sensor data
Q.23 Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'power wheelchair'?
User must push it manually
It requires a battery or power source
It is only used outdoors
It has no seating options
Explanation - Power wheelchairs are electrically driven, reducing the effort needed by the user.
Correct answer is: It requires a battery or power source
Q.24 Which device is commonly used to assist individuals with severe motor impairment to type?
Eye‑tracking keyboard
Standard QWERTY keyboard
Mechanical pencil
Digital camera
Explanation - Eye‑tracking keyboards allow typing by looking at virtual keys, bypassing the need for hand movement.
Correct answer is: Eye‑tracking keyboard
Q.25 A 'cognitive rehabilitation program' is designed to:
Improve cardiovascular fitness
Enhance mental skills such as memory and attention
Repair broken bones
Increase muscle strength
Explanation - Cognitive rehab targets brain functions to help patients recover from injuries or neurological disorders.
Correct answer is: Enhance mental skills such as memory and attention
Q.26 Which of the following best describes the principle of 'closed-loop control' in rehabilitation robotics?
The system operates without any sensors
The system uses sensors to adjust the output based on feedback
The system is manually adjusted by a clinician
The system only works in a single direction
Explanation - Closed‑loop control incorporates real‑time sensor data to continuously correct motion.
Correct answer is: The system uses sensors to adjust the output based on feedback
Q.27 Which of the following is an example of an assistive device for people with mobility limitations in the home?
Smart thermostat
Grab bar
LED lighting
Refrigerator
Explanation - Grab bars provide support during walking or transfers, enhancing safety in homes.
Correct answer is: Grab bar
Q.28 In the context of rehabilitation, what does 'bionic hand' refer to?
A hand made from plastic
A prosthetic hand controlled by neural signals or muscle activity
An actual biological hand
A hand used in robotics competitions
Explanation - Bionic hands use advanced electronics and sensors to mimic natural hand movements.
Correct answer is: A prosthetic hand controlled by neural signals or muscle activity
Q.29 Which type of assistive technology is most beneficial for someone who has difficulty reading printed text?
Large‑print books
Audiobooks
Tactile graphics
Braille embossers
Explanation - Audiobooks provide spoken content that can be accessed by people who cannot read standard print.
Correct answer is: Audiobooks
Q.30 Which of the following is NOT a typical component of a rehabilitation exercise machine?
Load sensor
Actuator
Power supply
Sound effect system
Explanation - Exercise machines focus on mechanical load and control; sound systems are irrelevant to core functionality.
Correct answer is: Sound effect system
Q.31 The primary purpose of an 'ergonomic assessment' in rehabilitation engineering is to:
Determine the best office furniture
Adjust device designs to fit the user's body and reduce strain
Measure electricity consumption
Set up a music playlist
Explanation - Ergonomic assessment ensures devices are comfortable, safe, and compatible with the user's physical attributes.
Correct answer is: Adjust device designs to fit the user's body and reduce strain
Q.32 Which signal is commonly recorded to assess muscle activation patterns in physical therapy?
EEG
EMG
ECG
EMG
Explanation - EMG (electromyography) captures the electrical activity of muscles during contraction.
Correct answer is: EMG
Q.33 In a myoelectric prosthetic hand, which component is responsible for converting electrical signals into mechanical movement?
Signal amplifier
Control unit
Actuator
Battery
Explanation - Actuators physically move the prosthetic’s fingers or joints in response to input signals.
Correct answer is: Actuator
Q.34 Which type of wheelchair is designed for high‑speed travel on roads?
Standard wheelchair
Mobility scooter
Road‑ready power wheelchair
Medical scooter
Explanation - Road‑ready wheelchairs have features like brakes, speed limits, and durable wheels suitable for street use.
Correct answer is: Road‑ready power wheelchair
Q.35 What is the main advantage of using a 'brain–computer interface (BCI)' in rehabilitation?
It eliminates the need for batteries
It can translate neural activity directly into device control
It increases device speed
It is cheaper than other methods
Explanation - BCIs read signals from the brain and use them to control external devices, offering a direct communication channel.
Correct answer is: It can translate neural activity directly into device control
Q.36 Which of the following is NOT typically included in a comprehensive rehabilitation engineering curriculum?
Human anatomy
Signal processing
Philosophy of science
Control theory
Explanation - While valuable academically, philosophy is not core to the technical training for rehabilitation engineers.
Correct answer is: Philosophy of science
Q.37 A 'haptic glove' used for stroke rehabilitation primarily provides:
Visual cues
Audio feedback
Tactile sensations to improve hand function
Temperature control
Explanation - Haptic gloves give pressure or vibration feedback, helping patients relearn fine motor skills.
Correct answer is: Tactile sensations to improve hand function
Q.38 Which of these is a key consideration when designing an assistive device for users with low vision?
Color contrast and tactile markings
Fast scrolling speed
High brightness
Large text only
Explanation - High contrast and tactile cues help low‑vision users interact with devices more easily.
Correct answer is: Color contrast and tactile markings
Q.39 What is a primary function of a 'force sensor' in a rehabilitation exoskeleton?
Detect muscle activation
Measure applied force for accurate movement
Record heart rate
Control battery usage
Explanation - Force sensors monitor load to adjust assistance levels during therapeutic sessions.
Correct answer is: Measure applied force for accurate movement
Q.40 Which component in an assistive technology system is responsible for translating user intent into actionable commands?
Sensor
Actuator
Interface
Controller
Explanation - Controllers process sensor data and compute control signals for actuators.
Correct answer is: Controller
Q.41 Which type of sensor would you use to monitor the pressure distribution on a wheelchair seat?
Temperature sensor
Pressure sensor
Accelerometer
Photodiode
Explanation - Pressure sensors detect the load across the seat, useful for preventing pressure ulcers.
Correct answer is: Pressure sensor
Q.42 Which feature is most important in a 'speech‑reading' assistive device?
High‑resolution camera
Fast processor
Large battery
Durable housing
Explanation - Accurate video capture is essential for capturing lip movements that the system analyzes for speech synthesis.
Correct answer is: High‑resolution camera
Q.43 In rehabilitation robotics, what is the term for the software that interprets sensor data to estimate the user’s intent?
Path planner
Signal decoder
Actuator controller
Battery monitor
Explanation - Signal decoders process raw sensor outputs (e.g., EMG) to deduce intended movement.
Correct answer is: Signal decoder
Q.44 Which of the following is NOT a typical application of assistive technology in education?
Text‑to‑speech software
Screen magnification tools
Advanced graphic design software
Adaptive keyboards
Explanation - While useful, graphic design software isn’t specifically tailored to assist users with disabilities.
Correct answer is: Advanced graphic design software
Q.45 The main goal of 'universal design' in assistive technology is to:
Create devices that only work in hospitals
Design products usable by the widest range of people, including those with disabilities
Develop specialized gadgets for each individual
Minimize production costs
Explanation - Universal design seeks to make products accessible to everyone without modification.
Correct answer is: Design products usable by the widest range of people, including those with disabilities
Q.46 Which of these is an example of a 'communication aid' for individuals with speech impairments?
Hearing aid
Text‑to‑speech converter
Wheelchair
Mobility scooter
Explanation - Text‑to‑speech software reads typed text aloud, aiding verbal communication.
Correct answer is: Text‑to‑speech converter
Q.47 Which of the following best describes a 'smart wheelchair'?
A wheelchair with no battery
A wheelchair that can navigate autonomously using sensors and GPS
A wheelchair that is only manual
A wheelchair that cannot be steered
Explanation - Smart wheelchairs incorporate autonomous navigation, obstacle detection, and connectivity for remote control.
Correct answer is: A wheelchair that can navigate autonomously using sensors and GPS
Q.48 A 'neuroprosthetic' primarily interfaces with:
Skin surface only
Muscle tissue only
Nervous system to restore function
The environment
Explanation - Neuroprosthetics connect to nerves or the brain to restore motor or sensory function.
Correct answer is: Nervous system to restore function
Q.49 Which of the following is NOT a typical outcome measure in rehabilitation engineering trials?
Functional independence measure (FIM)
Blood glucose level
Timed up and go test
Patient satisfaction survey
Explanation - While important for health, blood glucose isn't directly related to device effectiveness in most trials.
Correct answer is: Blood glucose level
Q.50 Which type of assistive device is best suited for a person with an impaired sense of balance?
Balance board
Canopy shade
Standing desk
Headlamp
Explanation - Balance boards provide dynamic feedback and help users train their vestibular and proprioceptive systems.
Correct answer is: Balance board
Q.51 What does a 'cognitive prosthesis' typically aim to improve?
Physical strength
Sensory perception
Memory and attention functions
Visual acuity
Explanation - Cognitive prostheses offer external aids or software to compensate for impaired brain functions.
Correct answer is: Memory and attention functions
Q.52 Which component in a typical assistive robot would provide the necessary power for movement?
Actuator
Battery
Controller
Sensor
Explanation - The battery supplies electrical energy that drives actuators and powers electronics.
Correct answer is: Battery
Q.53 In assistive technology, which principle is essential for ensuring that devices remain affordable and widely available?
High-end materials
Open‑source design
Exclusive patents
Complex manufacturing processes
Explanation - Open‑source hardware and software can reduce costs and encourage widespread adoption.
Correct answer is: Open‑source design
Q.54 Which of the following is a major ethical consideration when deploying a wearable health device?
The device color
The user’s privacy and data security
The device’s shape
The number of buttons
Explanation - Wearable devices often collect sensitive data that must be protected to respect user privacy.
Correct answer is: The user’s privacy and data security
Q.55 What type of control strategy is commonly used for robotic gait training?
Open‑loop
Closed‑loop
Manual
Random
Explanation - Closed‑loop control uses real‑time feedback to adjust assistance and encourage natural walking patterns.
Correct answer is: Closed‑loop
Q.56 Which of these is NOT typically a sensor used in a lower‑limb exoskeleton?
Joint angle sensor
Force sensor
Heart rate sensor
EMG sensor
Explanation - Heart rate monitoring is not required for controlling a lower‑limb exoskeleton’s gait assistance.
Correct answer is: Heart rate sensor
Q.57 The 'Assistive Technology Evaluation and Implementation System (ATEIS)' is used primarily for:
Designing power grids
Evaluating assistive technology solutions for individuals
Calculating financial budgets
Testing automotive safety
Explanation - ATEIS helps assess which devices are best suited to a person’s needs and environmental context.
Correct answer is: Evaluating assistive technology solutions for individuals
Q.58 Which of the following best describes a 'speech‑reading system' in rehabilitation?
A system that translates spoken words into text
A system that records speech for later playback
A system that uses video of lip movements to aid communication
A system that amplifies sound
Explanation - Speech‑reading systems capture lip motion and provide visual cues to help those with hearing loss.
Correct answer is: A system that uses video of lip movements to aid communication
Q.59 Which type of assistive technology is most beneficial for individuals with severe upper‑limb paralysis?
Robotic arm
Foot‑controlled device
Hearing aid
Cognitive training app
Explanation - Robotic arms can be controlled via alternative inputs, restoring some arm function for those with paralysis.
Correct answer is: Robotic arm
Q.60 What is a 'brain‑machine interface (BMI)' used for in rehabilitation?
Reading brain signals to control external devices
Recording brain waves for research
Enhancing brain speed
All of the above
Explanation - BMIs translate neural activity into commands that can control prostheses or robotic devices.
Correct answer is: Reading brain signals to control external devices
Q.61 Which of the following is a key design consideration for a wheelchair that will be used outdoors in varying terrain?
Lightweight frame only
Rugged tires and suspension
Large battery only
Small wheels only
Explanation - Durable tires and a suspension system help navigate uneven or rough outdoor surfaces.
Correct answer is: Rugged tires and suspension
Q.62 In a rehabilitation robot, the 'state estimator' is used to:
Estimate the robot’s position and velocity
Control the user’s heart rate
Detect battery level
Monitor internet connection
Explanation - State estimators fuse sensor data to provide accurate estimates of the robot’s motion for control.
Correct answer is: Estimate the robot’s position and velocity
Q.63 Which of the following is a benefit of using a 'wearable sensor network' in physical therapy?
It allows remote monitoring of patient progress
It increases the cost of treatment
It reduces the need for a therapist
It eliminates all pain
Explanation - Wearable sensors can transmit real‑time data to clinicians, enabling remote evaluation and adjustment of therapy.
Correct answer is: It allows remote monitoring of patient progress
Q.64 Which of the following is an example of an assistive device for mobility in a home setting?
Electric kettle
Grab bars
Vacuum cleaner
Air purifier
Explanation - Grab bars provide support and stability for individuals with mobility impairments.
Correct answer is: Grab bars
Q.65 The 'assistive technology' device that allows a user to control a computer mouse with head movements is known as:
Eye‑tracking mouse
Head‑controlled mouse
Touchscreen
Speech‑controlled mouse
Explanation - Head‑controlled devices translate head motions into cursor movements for computer interaction.
Correct answer is: Head‑controlled mouse
Q.66 Which of the following best describes a 'bionic foot'?
A prosthetic foot that uses electronics to mimic natural gait
A wooden foot for dancing
An extra foot for carrying items
A foot with built‑in GPS
Explanation - Bionic feet incorporate sensors and actuators to produce more natural walking dynamics.
Correct answer is: A prosthetic foot that uses electronics to mimic natural gait
Q.67 A 'speech‑reading system' uses which of the following to help individuals with hearing loss?
Voice amplification
Visual capture of lip movements
Soundproofing
Audio equalization
Explanation - The system records lip movements and uses them to enhance comprehension of spoken language.
Correct answer is: Visual capture of lip movements
Q.68 Which of the following is NOT typically part of the user interface in a rehabilitation robot?
Display screen
Touch buttons
Voice commands
Solar panel
Explanation - Solar panels are not part of the interface; they are a power source, not an interaction modality.
Correct answer is: Solar panel
Q.69 What type of 'assistive technology' is specifically designed to aid people with speech impairments in writing or typing?
Text‑to‑speech converter
Speech recognition software
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Explanation - Speech recognition allows spoken words to be converted into text, facilitating writing for users with speech difficulties.
Correct answer is: Speech recognition software
Q.70 Which type of prosthetic limb uses a single joint to provide a more natural gait?
Knee‑joint prosthesis
Ankle‑foot prosthesis
Finger prosthesis
Shoulder prosthesis
Explanation - An ankle‑foot prosthesis includes a single joint that mimics the natural ankle‑foot complex for walking.
Correct answer is: Ankle‑foot prosthesis
Q.71 In rehabilitation robotics, the 'gait phase detection' algorithm is used to:
Identify the current phase of walking (heel‑strike, mid‑stance, toe‑off)
Control battery level
Estimate heart rate
Predict weather
Explanation - Accurate gait phase detection allows the robot to provide timely assistance during each step.
Correct answer is: Identify the current phase of walking (heel‑strike, mid‑stance, toe‑off)
Q.72 Which assistive device uses a camera and software to interpret mouth movements for communication?
Eye‑tracking system
Lip‑reading system
Brain‑computer interface
Hearing aid
Explanation - A lip‑reading system captures visual input of the mouth to provide a communication aid.
Correct answer is: Lip‑reading system
Q.73 Which of the following is a key factor for ensuring a rehabilitation robot is safe for use with patients?
High speed of movement
Soft materials and compliant control algorithms
Large payload capacity
Expensive materials
Explanation - Soft, compliant control reduces the risk of injury when interacting with patients.
Correct answer is: Soft materials and compliant control algorithms
Q.74 Which component of an assistive device helps to convert electrical signals into movement?
Controller
Actuator
Battery
Sensor
Explanation - Actuators are the mechanical elements that produce movement in response to electrical signals.
Correct answer is: Actuator
Q.75 A 'cognitive prosthesis' can be described as:
A device that physically replaces a limb
An electronic system that supplements brain function
A medical implant for heart disease
A tool for measuring cognitive load
Explanation - Cognitive prostheses provide external assistance (e.g., reminders, memory aids) for people with cognitive deficits.
Correct answer is: An electronic system that supplements brain function
Q.76 Which of the following assistive devices is specifically designed for people with visual impairments to navigate unfamiliar environments?
GPS navigation app
Bionic eye implant
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Explanation - GPS navigation apps provide turn‑by‑turn directions to assist visually impaired users in navigating.
Correct answer is: GPS navigation app
Q.77 In the context of assistive technology, 'human–machine interface (HMI)' refers to:
The user’s medical diagnosis
The physical connection between a user and a machine
The software operating system of a device
The mechanical structure of a device
Explanation - An HMI is where the user interacts with the technology (e.g., touch screen, voice command).
Correct answer is: The physical connection between a user and a machine
Q.78 Which of the following best describes a 'closed‑loop control system' in rehabilitation robotics?
A system that does not use sensors
A system that uses feedback to adjust actions
A system that is manually controlled only
A system that operates only during the day
Explanation - Closed‑loop control incorporates sensor feedback to refine motion in real time.
Correct answer is: A system that uses feedback to adjust actions
Q.79 Which of the following is a major advantage of 'wearable exoskeletons' for stroke survivors?
They replace brain cells
They provide external assistance to relearn gait
They are used for cooking
They are only for sports
Explanation - Exoskeletons help stroke patients practice walking patterns, accelerating functional recovery.
Correct answer is: They provide external assistance to relearn gait
Q.80 A 'screen magnifier' assists individuals with:
Low vision
Hearing impairment
Upper limb amputation
Memory loss
Explanation - Screen magnifiers enlarge text and images on displays for people who struggle with small visuals.
Correct answer is: Low vision
Q.81 What is the purpose of a 'force sensor' in a robotic rehabilitation glove?
To detect hand temperature
To measure the amount of force exerted by each finger
To record audio signals
To control battery usage
Explanation - Force sensors help the glove provide accurate resistance or assistance during therapy.
Correct answer is: To measure the amount of force exerted by each finger
Q.82 Which of the following assistive devices is commonly used to help people with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)?
Speech therapy software
Swallowing aid device
Assistive walking cane
Hearing aid
Explanation - Swallowing aid devices provide mechanical support to improve safe swallowing.
Correct answer is: Swallowing aid device
Q.83 What is the main function of an 'electronic wheelchair controller'?
To power the device
To interpret user input and drive motors
To charge the battery
To display the user’s heart rate
Explanation - The controller processes input signals (e.g., joystick) and translates them into motor commands.
Correct answer is: To interpret user input and drive motors
Q.84 Which of the following is NOT a typical sensor used in a voice‑controlled assistive device?
Microphone
Accelerometer
Sound‑level sensor
Temperature sensor
Explanation - Voice‑controlled devices rely on microphones and sound‑level sensors, not motion sensors.
Correct answer is: Accelerometer
Q.85 Which of the following is a benefit of using a 'brain‑computer interface (BCI)' in rehabilitation?
It eliminates the need for batteries
It allows control of devices using brain signals directly
It improves visual acuity
It reduces the cost of implants
Explanation - BCIs translate neural activity into control commands, enabling hands‑free operation of assistive devices.
Correct answer is: It allows control of devices using brain signals directly
Q.86 In a typical rehabilitation exoskeleton, what is the role of the 'joint torque sensor'?
Detects user intention
Measures the torque applied at the joint to adjust assistance
Tracks battery life
Calculates body weight
Explanation - Joint torque sensors inform the controller about the user’s effort, facilitating adaptive assistance.
Correct answer is: Measures the torque applied at the joint to adjust assistance
Q.87 Which of the following best defines a 'cognitive rehabilitation' program?
Physical therapy to improve muscle strength
Software to enhance memory, attention, and problem‑solving
A type of hearing aid
A type of wheelchair
Explanation - Cognitive rehabilitation uses targeted exercises and technology to rebuild impaired cognitive functions.
Correct answer is: Software to enhance memory, attention, and problem‑solving
Q.88 Which assistive technology is specifically used for people who have lost one or more fingers?
Prosthetic hand
Assistive walking cane
Speech synthesizer
Hearing aid
Explanation - A prosthetic hand provides an artificial hand to compensate for finger loss.
Correct answer is: Prosthetic hand
Q.89 Which of the following is a key benefit of 'wearable sensors' in rehabilitation?
They can replace physicians
They provide real‑time data for personalized therapy
They automatically prescribe medication
They increase physical pain
Explanation - Wearable sensors track movement and physiological signals, allowing therapists to tailor interventions.
Correct answer is: They provide real‑time data for personalized therapy
Q.90 Which of the following is a major ethical issue related to assistive technology data?
Data privacy and ownership
Device color preferences
Battery life
Noise level
Explanation - Assistive devices often collect sensitive health data that must be protected against misuse.
Correct answer is: Data privacy and ownership
Q.91 Which type of assistive device helps a person with a visual impairment read printed text?
Audio book
Braille e‑reader
Hearing aid
Cognitive training software
Explanation - A Braille e‑reader converts digital text into Braille, enabling reading for the visually impaired.
Correct answer is: Braille e‑reader
Q.92 Which of the following is not typically included in the design of a rehabilitation robot?
Actuators
Sensors
Therapeutic software
High‑speed motors for racing
Explanation - Robots for rehabilitation prioritize safety and therapeutic goals, not high‑speed performance.
Correct answer is: High‑speed motors for racing
Q.93 Which of the following is an example of a 'non‑invasive' method for interfacing with the nervous system?
Brain‑computer interface via implanted electrodes
Surface EMG electrodes
Deep brain stimulation
Cranial nerve implant
Explanation - Surface EMG uses electrodes placed on skin, avoiding surgical implantation.
Correct answer is: Surface EMG electrodes
Q.94 What is a common use of a 'motion capture system' in rehabilitation research?
To analyze gait patterns
To monitor heart rate
To record sleep patterns
To track dietary intake
Explanation - Motion capture provides precise kinematic data to study movement and assess progress.
Correct answer is: To analyze gait patterns
Q.95 Which of the following best describes 'assistive technology' for people with dyslexia?
Speech synthesis software
Text‑to‑speech converter
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Explanation - Text‑to‑speech software reads printed or digital text aloud, aiding reading for dyslexic individuals.
Correct answer is: Text‑to‑speech converter
Q.96 Which sensor type is commonly used in a robotic hand to detect finger position?
Force sensor
Encoder
Temperature sensor
Proximity sensor
Explanation - Encoders measure rotation or displacement, providing accurate finger position data.
Correct answer is: Encoder
Q.97 The 'assistive technology' device that helps a user to control a computer with head movements is known as a:
Eye‑tracking mouse
Head‑controlled mouse
Touchpad
Voice‑controlled mouse
Explanation - Head‑controlled devices translate head motion into cursor movement for computer interaction.
Correct answer is: Head‑controlled mouse
Q.98 What is the primary function of a 'force‑sensing resistor (FSR)' in a rehabilitation glove?
Detect pressure exerted on fingers
Measure temperature
Control battery level
Record audio
Explanation - An FSR changes resistance with applied force, allowing measurement of finger pressure.
Correct answer is: Detect pressure exerted on fingers
Q.99 Which assistive technology is used to help individuals with hearing loss understand spoken language?
Speech recognizer
Text‑to‑speech converter
Hearing aid
Braille display
Explanation - Hearing aids amplify sound, improving perception for those with hearing deficits.
Correct answer is: Hearing aid
Q.100 Which of the following is a critical safety feature in a robotic exoskeleton?
High power output
Soft, compliant materials and emergency stop
Large battery
Fast speed mode
Explanation - Compliance and safety stops prevent injury during device operation.
Correct answer is: Soft, compliant materials and emergency stop
Q.101 Which of the following best describes the 'Assistive Technology Evaluation and Implementation System (ATEIS)'?
A software tool for evaluating and selecting assistive devices
A brand of hearing aids
An educational platform for students
A type of wheelchair
Explanation - ATEIS helps professionals assess which assistive technologies are most appropriate for a user.
Correct answer is: A software tool for evaluating and selecting assistive devices
Q.102 Which type of assistive device helps a person with a spinal cord injury maintain circulation in the lower body?
Prosthetic leg
Electric wheelchair
Circulatory pump system
Speech synthesizer
Explanation - Circulatory pumps help improve blood flow in patients who lack natural muscle pumping.
Correct answer is: Circulatory pump system
Q.103 What is the main benefit of a 'haptic glove' during hand‑therapy sessions?
It records video
It provides tactile feedback to improve fine motor control
It amplifies sound
It measures heart rate
Explanation - Haptic gloves give the user tactile cues, assisting relearning of hand movements.
Correct answer is: It provides tactile feedback to improve fine motor control
Q.104 Which of the following assistive devices is designed to help a user type using head movements?
Head‑controlled keyboard
Wheelchair
Hearing aid
Speech recognizer
Explanation - Head‑controlled keyboards allow typing by moving the head over a virtual keyboard.
Correct answer is: Head‑controlled keyboard
Q.105 Which of the following is NOT typically part of a rehabilitation robot’s sensor suite?
Inertial measurement unit (IMU)
Temperature sensor
Force sensor
Accelerometer
Explanation - Temperature sensors are rarely needed for motion control in rehabilitation robots.
Correct answer is: Temperature sensor
Q.106 Which assistive technology is most useful for individuals with dysgraphia?
Speech synthesis software
Typing tutor software
Text‑to‑speech converter
Hearing aid
Explanation - Typing tutor software provides structured practice to improve written skills for dysgraphia patients.
Correct answer is: Typing tutor software
Q.107 Which of the following is an example of a 'smart' assistive device that can adjust itself to the user’s environment?
Manual wheelchair
Adaptive lighting system
Static hearing aid
Fixed‑price calculator
Explanation - Smart lighting automatically changes intensity or color based on user needs or environmental cues.
Correct answer is: Adaptive lighting system
Q.108 Which type of sensor would you use to detect the angle of a knee joint in a gait training robot?
Accelerometer
Gyroscope
Encoder
Temperature sensor
Explanation - Encoders provide precise joint angle measurement, essential for gait analysis.
Correct answer is: Encoder
Q.109 In an assistive robot, the term 'compliance control' refers to:
Ensuring the device is made from compliant materials
Using force sensors to limit the applied force for safety
Providing a compliance warranty
Allowing the robot to run on any power source
Explanation - Compliance control ensures that the robot’s interaction with the user is safe by limiting force.
Correct answer is: Using force sensors to limit the applied force for safety
Q.110 Which assistive technology can help a person with a visual impairment read printed text via audio output?
Screen reader
Speech synthesizer
Braille display
Hearing aid
Explanation - Screen readers convert on‑screen text into spoken words for visually impaired users.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.111 Which type of assistive device would a user with an upper‑limb amputation use to pick up objects?
Prosthetic hand
Wheelchair
Speech synthesizer
Hearing aid
Explanation - A prosthetic hand replicates hand functions to grasp and manipulate objects.
Correct answer is: Prosthetic hand
Q.112 In rehabilitation robotics, why is a 'state estimator' important?
It estimates battery life
It fuses sensor data to provide accurate position and velocity information
It measures user satisfaction
It calculates ambient temperature
Explanation - State estimators combine multiple sensor inputs to improve accuracy of motion tracking.
Correct answer is: It fuses sensor data to provide accurate position and velocity information
Q.113 Which of the following assistive devices helps users with memory deficits keep track of daily tasks?
Cognitive prosthesis
Wheelchair
Hearing aid
Assistive walking cane
Explanation - Cognitive prostheses can provide reminders, schedules, and other memory aids.
Correct answer is: Cognitive prosthesis
Q.114 What is the primary purpose of a 'speech‑reading system' in assistive technology?
Amplifying speech
Translating spoken words into text
Capturing lip movements to aid communication for deaf users
Recording audio
Explanation - Speech‑reading systems help deaf users understand spoken language by analyzing visual cues.
Correct answer is: Capturing lip movements to aid communication for deaf users
Q.115 Which of the following is a benefit of using a 'brain‑computer interface (BCI)' in rehabilitation?
It eliminates the need for batteries
It translates brain signals directly into device control
It enhances visual acuity
It reduces the cost of implants
Explanation - BCIs allow direct translation of neural activity into actionable commands for assistive devices.
Correct answer is: It translates brain signals directly into device control
Q.116 Which assistive technology is used to aid individuals who cannot speak due to paralysis?
Text‑to‑speech software
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Assistive walking cane
Explanation - Text‑to‑speech software converts typed messages into spoken words, enabling communication.
Correct answer is: Text‑to‑speech software
Q.117 In an assistive exoskeleton, the term 'torque control' refers to:
Controlling the speed of movement
Regulating the force applied at each joint
Measuring the user's heart rate
Providing audio feedback
Explanation - Torque control ensures the exoskeleton delivers precise assistance or resistance at each joint.
Correct answer is: Regulating the force applied at each joint
Q.118 Which of the following assistive devices helps people with low vision read text by converting it into spoken words?
Screen reader
Hearing aid
Text‑to‑speech converter
Braille e‑reader
Explanation - Screen readers read on‑screen text aloud for people with low vision.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.119 Which type of sensor is most commonly used to detect muscle activation in a myoelectric prosthesis?
Accelerometer
EMG sensor
Thermistor
Proximity sensor
Explanation - EMG sensors pick up the electrical activity of muscles for prosthetic control.
Correct answer is: EMG sensor
Q.120 Which of the following best describes the 'assistive technology evaluation and selection' process?
Choosing the cheapest device available
Selecting a device based solely on brand popularity
Assessing user needs, device capabilities, and environmental context to choose the most suitable device
Random selection
Explanation - Proper evaluation ensures the selected assistive device matches the user’s functional requirements.
Correct answer is: Assessing user needs, device capabilities, and environmental context to choose the most suitable device
Q.121 Which assistive technology helps users with hearing impairment understand spoken words by providing a visual or audio output?
Speech recognizer
Text‑to‑speech converter
Hearing aid
Cognitive prosthesis
Explanation - Hearing aids amplify sound, making speech clearer for users with hearing loss.
Correct answer is: Hearing aid
Q.122 What is the main advantage of using a 'closed‑loop controller' in a rehabilitation robot?
It operates without sensors
It adjusts the robot’s action based on real‑time feedback
It requires no power source
It eliminates the need for a therapist
Explanation - Closed‑loop control improves accuracy and responsiveness by reacting to sensor data.
Correct answer is: It adjusts the robot’s action based on real‑time feedback
Q.123 Which assistive device is commonly used to aid individuals with visual impairments in navigating unfamiliar spaces?
GPS navigation app
Hearing aid
Prosthetic limb
Speech synthesizer
Explanation - GPS apps give turn‑by‑turn directions, helping visually impaired users navigate safely.
Correct answer is: GPS navigation app
Q.124 Which of the following assistive devices helps people with severe upper‑limb paralysis to perform daily tasks?
Robotic arm
Wheelchair
Hearing aid
Assistive cane
Explanation - Robotic arms can be controlled via alternative input to restore hand function.
Correct answer is: Robotic arm
Q.125 What role does an 'encoder' play in a rehabilitation exoskeleton?
Detects temperature
Measures joint angle for accurate control
Provides battery monitoring
Detects user intent
Explanation - Encoders give precise angle data, critical for controlling joint movements.
Correct answer is: Measures joint angle for accurate control
Q.126 Which assistive technology helps individuals with memory impairments by providing reminders for medication?
Cognitive prosthesis
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Assistive cane
Explanation - Cognitive prostheses can include medication reminders to support daily living.
Correct answer is: Cognitive prosthesis
Q.127 Which type of sensor is used to detect joint torque in a robotic rehabilitation device?
Magnetic sensor
Torque sensor
Temperature sensor
Proximity sensor
Explanation - Torque sensors measure the force and rotation applied at a joint, enabling adaptive control.
Correct answer is: Torque sensor
Q.128 In a speech‑reading system, which part of the system captures the visual input of the speaker’s mouth?
Microphone
Camera
Accelerometer
Temperature sensor
Explanation - The camera captures visual data of lip movements for the system to analyze.
Correct answer is: Camera
Q.129 Which of the following assistive devices helps people with dysgraphia to improve writing?
Typing tutor software
Speech synthesis software
Hearing aid
Assistive walking cane
Explanation - Typing tutors provide structured practice for improving written skills.
Correct answer is: Typing tutor software
Q.130 What is the key benefit of using a 'brain‑computer interface (BCI)' in rehabilitation?
It replaces the need for a therapist
It allows users to control external devices directly through brain signals
It reduces battery consumption
It eliminates the need for sensors
Explanation - BCIs translate neural activity into control commands, enabling hands‑free operation.
Correct answer is: It allows users to control external devices directly through brain signals
Q.131 Which assistive device is designed to help a person with hearing loss to understand spoken language?
Hearing aid
Speech recognizer
Wheelchair
Cognitive prosthesis
Explanation - Hearing aids amplify sound for those with hearing impairments.
Correct answer is: Hearing aid
Q.132 Which sensor is used to detect foot pressure during gait training?
Force sensor
Temperature sensor
Accelerometer
Magnetic sensor
Explanation - Force sensors measure pressure exerted by the foot to analyze gait dynamics.
Correct answer is: Force sensor
Q.133 What does a 'cognitive prosthesis' primarily help with?
Physical strength
Sensory perception
Memory and attention
Visual acuity
Explanation - Cognitive prostheses provide external aids for memory, attention, and problem‑solving.
Correct answer is: Memory and attention
Q.134 Which of the following best describes a 'brain‑computer interface'?
A device that records heart rate
A system that reads brain signals and translates them into commands
A hearing aid
A type of wheelchair
Explanation - BCIs interpret neural activity to control external devices without muscle movement.
Correct answer is: A system that reads brain signals and translates them into commands
Q.135 Which assistive device is most useful for a person with a visual impairment to read printed text?
Screen reader
Hearing aid
Assistive walking cane
Cognitive prosthesis
Explanation - Screen readers read on‑screen text aloud, aiding visually impaired users.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.136 Which of the following is a critical component of a rehabilitation exoskeleton’s safety system?
Fast acceleration
Emergency stop button
High‑speed motors
Large battery capacity
Explanation - An emergency stop ensures the device can be quickly halted to prevent injury.
Correct answer is: Emergency stop button
Q.137 Which assistive device helps individuals with low vision read text by converting it into audio?
Braille e‑reader
Screen reader
Hearing aid
Assistive cane
Explanation - Screen readers vocalize text, assisting those with low vision.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.138 Which of the following assistive technologies is designed to help users with speech impairments communicate via text?
Speech synthesis software
Text‑to‑speech converter
Speech recognizer
Hearing aid
Explanation - Speech synthesis reads typed text aloud for people with speech difficulties.
Correct answer is: Speech synthesis software
Q.139 Which type of assistive device provides external force to help a patient lift an arm during rehabilitation?
Prosthetic arm
Robotic exoskeleton
Wheelchair
Assistive cane
Explanation - Exoskeletons offer mechanical assistance to lift and move limbs for therapy.
Correct answer is: Robotic exoskeleton
Q.140 In rehabilitation engineering, which device would most likely use an 'accelerometer' to detect user intention?
Speech recognizer
Myoelectric prosthetic arm
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Explanation - Accelerometers help interpret movement intent in prosthetic control systems.
Correct answer is: Myoelectric prosthetic arm
Q.141 Which assistive technology is primarily used for people who cannot speak due to paralysis?
Speech synthesis software
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Assistive cane
Explanation - Text‑to‑speech converts typed words into audible speech for communication.
Correct answer is: Speech synthesis software
Q.142 Which assistive device is commonly used by individuals with hearing impairments to understand speech?
Speech synthesizer
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Cognitive prosthesis
Explanation - Hearing aids amplify sound and improve speech perception.
Correct answer is: Hearing aid
Q.143 What is the primary advantage of a 'closed‑loop control system' in a rehabilitation robot?
It requires no sensors
It adjusts control actions based on real‑time sensor feedback
It eliminates the need for a therapist
It runs faster than open‑loop systems
Explanation - Closed‑loop control uses feedback to maintain accurate, responsive motion.
Correct answer is: It adjusts control actions based on real‑time sensor feedback
Q.144 Which sensor would you use to detect the pressure applied by a user’s hand in a prosthetic glove?
Force sensor
Accelerometer
Gyroscope
Thermistor
Explanation - Force sensors measure pressure, enabling the glove to respond to grasp strength.
Correct answer is: Force sensor
Q.145 Which assistive technology helps people with low vision to read printed text by speaking it out loud?
Screen reader
Hearing aid
Speech recognizer
Assistive cane
Explanation - Screen readers vocalize text, making it accessible to visually impaired users.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.146 Which type of assistive device can help a user with an upper‑limb amputation pick up objects?
Prosthetic hand
Wheelchair
Speech synthesizer
Hearing aid
Explanation - Prosthetic hands provide functional grasping capabilities.
Correct answer is: Prosthetic hand
Q.147 Which of the following is a typical sensor used to measure joint angles in a rehabilitation exoskeleton?
Encoder
Accelerometer
Temperature sensor
Light sensor
Explanation - Encoders provide precise angle measurement for accurate joint control.
Correct answer is: Encoder
Q.148 Which assistive technology is most beneficial for a person with dysgraphia to practice writing?
Typing tutor software
Speech synthesis software
Hearing aid
Assistive cane
Explanation - Typing tutors provide structured practice to improve written communication.
Correct answer is: Typing tutor software
Q.149 What does an 'actuator' in a prosthetic device do?
Detect user intention
Store data
Convert electrical signals into mechanical motion
Provide battery power
Explanation - Actuators move the prosthesis in response to user commands.
Correct answer is: Convert electrical signals into mechanical motion
Q.150 Which assistive device helps individuals with hearing loss to understand speech more clearly?
Hearing aid
Wheelchair
Cognitive prosthesis
Speech synthesizer
Explanation - Hearing aids amplify sound, improving speech perception for those with hearing impairment.
Correct answer is: Hearing aid
Q.151 In a rehabilitation exoskeleton, the 'state estimator' is used to:
Estimate battery life
Fuse sensor data to estimate position and velocity
Measure heart rate
Control lighting
Explanation - State estimators combine multiple sensor readings for accurate motion tracking.
Correct answer is: Fuse sensor data to estimate position and velocity
Q.152 Which assistive technology helps people with visual impairment navigate unfamiliar environments?
GPS navigation app
Hearing aid
Speech synthesizer
Assistive cane
Explanation - GPS navigation apps provide turn‑by‑turn directions, aiding navigation for visually impaired users.
Correct answer is: GPS navigation app
Q.153 What is the role of a 'sensor' in a myoelectric prosthetic hand?
Control the motor speed
Detect muscle electrical activity
Store user data
Power the device
Explanation - Sensors (EMG) detect electrical signals from muscles, enabling prosthesis control.
Correct answer is: Detect muscle electrical activity
Q.154 Which assistive technology helps a user with a visual impairment read text by speaking it out loud?
Screen reader
Hearing aid
Speech recognizer
Assistive cane
Explanation - Screen readers convert on‑screen text into spoken words for visually impaired users.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.155 Which of the following assistive devices is designed for people with speech impairments to communicate via typed text?
Speech synthesizer
Speech recognizer
Hearing aid
Cognitive prosthesis
Explanation - Speech synthesizers read typed text aloud, allowing speech‑impaired users to communicate.
Correct answer is: Speech synthesizer
Q.156 Which sensor is commonly used to detect joint torque in a rehabilitation device?
Torque sensor
Temperature sensor
Accelerometer
Gyroscope
Explanation - Torque sensors measure the rotational force applied at a joint.
Correct answer is: Torque sensor
Q.157 What is the main benefit of using a 'brain‑computer interface' in assistive technology?
It reduces the need for batteries
It provides direct control of devices using neural signals
It improves visual acuity
It increases battery life
Explanation - BCIs allow users to control assistive devices via brain activity without muscular effort.
Correct answer is: It provides direct control of devices using neural signals
Q.158 Which assistive technology is most beneficial for a person with a visual impairment to read printed text?
Screen reader
Hearing aid
Assistive cane
Speech synthesizer
Explanation - Screen readers read on‑screen or printed text aloud, aiding visually impaired users.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.159 Which of the following assistive devices would help a user with low vision read printed text?
Braille e‑reader
Screen reader
Assistive cane
Hearing aid
Explanation - Screen readers vocalize text, enabling reading for those with low vision.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.160 What does a 'closed‑loop control system' in a rehabilitation robot use to adjust its actions?
User's heart rate
Sensor feedback
Manual overrides
Pre‑set instructions
Explanation - Closed‑loop systems rely on real‑time sensor data to adapt the robot’s movements.
Correct answer is: Sensor feedback
Q.161 Which assistive device helps individuals with dyslexia read text through audio output?
Screen reader
Hearing aid
Speech recognizer
Assistive cane
Explanation - Screen readers convert text into spoken words, aiding dyslexic users.
Correct answer is: Screen reader
Q.162 What is the main role of a 'controller' in a rehabilitation robot?
To store user data
To translate sensor inputs into actuator commands
To power the device
To provide battery backup
Explanation - The controller processes sensor data and generates appropriate actuator signals.
Correct answer is: To translate sensor inputs into actuator commands