Q.1 What is the main purpose of sampling in statistics?
To study the whole population
To save time and cost
To avoid using statistics
To increase errors
Explanation - Sampling allows researchers to study a smaller, manageable subset of the population while saving time and resources.
Correct answer is: To save time and cost
Q.2 Which of the following is a probability sampling method?
Convenience sampling
Judgment sampling
Simple random sampling
Quota sampling
Explanation - Simple random sampling ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Correct answer is: Simple random sampling
Q.3 In stratified sampling, the population is divided into:
Homogeneous groups
Heterogeneous groups
Random groups
Equal-sized groups only
Explanation - In stratified sampling, the population is divided into homogeneous subgroups (strata) and samples are drawn from each.
Correct answer is: Homogeneous groups
Q.4 Cluster sampling divides the population into groups called:
Strata
Clusters
Sections
Blocks
Explanation - In cluster sampling, the population is divided into clusters and a few clusters are chosen randomly for study.
Correct answer is: Clusters
Q.5 Which of these is a non-probability sampling technique?
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Snowball sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Snowball sampling is non-probability based, often used for hard-to-reach populations where subjects recruit others.
Correct answer is: Snowball sampling
Q.6 What does 'sampling error' mean?
An error in measuring population data
Difference between sample statistic and population parameter
Mistake in data entry
Bias from faulty questionnaire
Explanation - Sampling error arises because a sample may not perfectly represent the population.
Correct answer is: Difference between sample statistic and population parameter
Q.7 Which method ensures equal chance for every nth unit being selected?
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Quota sampling
Judgment sampling
Explanation - In systematic sampling, every nth unit is selected after a random start.
Correct answer is: Systematic sampling
Q.8 Quota sampling is primarily based on:
Random selection
Predetermined categories
Mathematical models
Probability laws
Explanation - Quota sampling involves selecting individuals to ensure certain groups are represented proportionally.
Correct answer is: Predetermined categories
Q.9 Which type of bias occurs when only easily accessible subjects are included?
Selection bias
Measurement bias
Response bias
Coverage bias
Explanation - Selection bias arises when the sample is not representative, such as using convenience sampling.
Correct answer is: Selection bias
Q.10 Which of the following reduces sampling error?
Smaller sample size
Larger sample size
Convenience sampling
Non-random selection
Explanation - Increasing the sample size generally reduces sampling error and increases reliability.
Correct answer is: Larger sample size
Q.11 Judgment sampling relies on:
Probability laws
Researcher's discretion
Random numbers
Mechanical selection
Explanation - Judgment sampling is non-probability based and depends on the researcher's opinion about representativeness.
Correct answer is: Researcher's discretion
Q.12 The main disadvantage of non-probability sampling is:
It saves time
It may be biased
It is more accurate
It is simple
Explanation - Non-probability sampling can lead to bias since not all elements have a known chance of being included.
Correct answer is: It may be biased
Q.13 Which sampling method uses random number tables?
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Simple random sampling
Quota sampling
Explanation - Random number tables are commonly used in simple random sampling to ensure fairness.
Correct answer is: Simple random sampling
Q.14 Which sampling method is most useful for population with natural groups?
Cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Systematic sampling
Explanation - Cluster sampling is suitable when the population naturally forms groups (e.g., schools, districts).
Correct answer is: Cluster sampling
Q.15 In multistage sampling, sampling is carried out:
At one stage only
At multiple stages
By judgment
On small populations only
Explanation - Multistage sampling involves selecting samples in successive stages using a combination of methods.
Correct answer is: At multiple stages
Q.16 What is the frame used for sampling called?
Population base
Sample unit
Sampling frame
Sample list
Explanation - A sampling frame is the list or database from which the sample is drawn.
Correct answer is: Sampling frame
Q.17 Which sampling method is best for ensuring proportional representation of subgroups?
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Stratified sampling guarantees representation from each subgroup or stratum.
Correct answer is: Stratified sampling
Q.18 Convenience sampling is often criticized because it:
Takes too much time
Is highly biased
Requires complex methods
Needs stratification
Explanation - Convenience sampling may not represent the population accurately, leading to biased results.
Correct answer is: Is highly biased
Q.19 If every individual has equal probability of selection, the sampling is:
Judgment sampling
Quota sampling
Simple random sampling
Snowball sampling
Explanation - Simple random sampling ensures equal probability for all individuals in the population.
Correct answer is: Simple random sampling
Q.20 The probability of selection in non-probability sampling is:
Known
Unknown
Always equal
Fixed
Explanation - In non-probability sampling, the probability of selecting each unit is not known.
Correct answer is: Unknown
Q.21 A sampling unit is:
Whole population
Smallest unit selected
Only a subgroup
The total sample size
Explanation - A sampling unit is the basic element considered for selection in the sampling process.
Correct answer is: Smallest unit selected
Q.22 In systematic sampling, if the population size is N and sample size is n, the sampling interval is:
N × n
N / n
n / N
N + n
Explanation - The sampling interval is calculated by dividing population size by sample size (N/n).
Correct answer is: N / n
Q.23 When a sample does not represent the population, it is said to be:
Random
Representative
Biased
Stratified
Explanation - A biased sample leads to incorrect inferences about the population.
Correct answer is: Biased
Q.24 The method where respondents are chosen because they are easy to access is:
Random sampling
Convenience sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available.
Correct answer is: Convenience sampling
Q.25 Which of the following is a key feature of probability sampling?
Bias in selection
Equal chance of selection
Convenience-based
Researcher discretion
Explanation - Probability sampling ensures each unit has a known, non-zero chance of selection.
Correct answer is: Equal chance of selection