Q.1 Which of the following best describes industrialization?
A shift from agriculture to industry
Growth of rural population
Decline in trade activities
Expansion of forests
Explanation - Industrialization is the process by which economies transform from being primarily agricultural to based on manufacturing and industry.
Correct answer is: A shift from agriculture to industry
Q.2 Which industry is considered the backbone of industrial development?
Textile industry
Steel industry
Handicraft industry
Fishing industry
Explanation - The steel industry is considered the backbone of industrial development because steel is essential for infrastructure, machinery, and construction.
Correct answer is: Steel industry
Q.3 Which policy in India focused on liberalization, privatization, and globalization?
Industrial Policy of 1956
Industrial Policy of 1991
Industrial Policy of 1977
Industrial Policy of 1980
Explanation - The Industrial Policy of 1991 introduced liberalization, privatization, and globalization to integrate India with the global economy.
Correct answer is: Industrial Policy of 1991
Q.4 Which sector is known as the 'secondary sector'?
Agriculture
Industry
Services
Mining
Explanation - The industrial sector is called the secondary sector because it transforms raw materials from the primary sector into finished goods.
Correct answer is: Industry
Q.5 What is the main objective of industrial development in developing countries?
Increase imports
Generate employment
Reduce urbanization
Promote handicrafts only
Explanation - One of the main objectives of industrial development is to create job opportunities and improve living standards in developing countries.
Correct answer is: Generate employment
Q.6 Which of the following is an example of a heavy industry?
Cement
Bakery
Tailoring
Tourism
Explanation - Cement is a heavy industry because it requires large capital investment and supports infrastructure development.
Correct answer is: Cement
Q.7 Which factor is most important for rapid industrialization?
Cheap labor
Access to capital
Fertile land
Traditional skills
Explanation - Access to capital is crucial for rapid industrialization as it allows investment in machinery, technology, and infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Access to capital
Q.8 What is 'disguised unemployment' commonly associated with?
Agriculture sector
Industry sector
Service sector
Banking sector
Explanation - Disguised unemployment is common in agriculture, where more people work than required, reducing productivity.
Correct answer is: Agriculture sector
Q.9 Which organization promotes industrial development in developing nations?
UNIDO
UNICEF
FAO
WHO
Explanation - UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) supports industrial development globally, especially in developing countries.
Correct answer is: UNIDO
Q.10 Which of these is an example of a light industry?
Textile
Shipbuilding
Steel
Petrochemicals
Explanation - Textiles are classified as light industries because they require less capital and produce consumer goods.
Correct answer is: Textile
Q.11 Which country is often referred to as the 'workshop of the world' during the 19th century?
USA
India
China
Britain
Explanation - Britain was called the 'workshop of the world' due to its early and rapid industrialization during the Industrial Revolution.
Correct answer is: Britain
Q.12 What is the main characteristic of cottage industries?
Large-scale production
High capital investment
Home-based small production
Use of heavy machinery
Explanation - Cottage industries involve small-scale, home-based production, usually using simple tools and family labor.
Correct answer is: Home-based small production
Q.13 Which type of industry uses agricultural products as raw material?
Agro-based industry
Mineral-based industry
Heavy industry
Service industry
Explanation - Agro-based industries, like textiles and sugar, use agricultural produce as raw material.
Correct answer is: Agro-based industry
Q.14 Which factor encouraged industrial growth in post-independence India?
Planned economic development
Colonial trade policies
Excessive imports
Lack of capital
Explanation - India encouraged industrial growth after independence through planned economic development via Five-Year Plans.
Correct answer is: Planned economic development
Q.15 Which of the following is NOT a barrier to industrial development in developing countries?
Low savings
Lack of skilled labor
High technology adoption
Poor infrastructure
Explanation - High technology adoption supports industrial growth; the real barriers include poor infrastructure and low savings.
Correct answer is: High technology adoption
Q.16 Which Indian industry is known as the 'sunrise industry'?
Information Technology
Textiles
Steel
Sugar
Explanation - The IT industry is called the sunrise industry in India due to its rapid growth and global competitiveness.
Correct answer is: Information Technology
Q.17 What is 'industrial clustering'?
A decline in industries
Concentration of industries in a region
Random distribution of industries
Merging of two companies
Explanation - Industrial clustering means industries concentrating in specific areas to benefit from shared resources and markets.
Correct answer is: Concentration of industries in a region
Q.18 Which industry is most important for rural industrialization in India?
Handloom
Automobile
Shipbuilding
Petroleum refining
Explanation - Handloom is vital for rural industrialization as it provides employment and sustains traditional crafts.
Correct answer is: Handloom
Q.19 The first Industrial Revolution began in which country?
France
Britain
USA
Germany
Explanation - The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, marked by mechanized production.
Correct answer is: Britain
Q.20 Which is a major environmental issue linked to industrialization?
Deforestation
Overfishing
Desertification
Crop rotation
Explanation - Industrialization often leads to deforestation due to demand for land, timber, and raw materials.
Correct answer is: Deforestation
Q.21 Which industry is termed as 'basic industry'?
Iron and steel
Jewelry
Textile
Food processing
Explanation - Iron and steel is termed a basic industry because it provides raw material to many other industries.
Correct answer is: Iron and steel
Q.22 Which is the largest public sector industry in India?
Steel Authority of India
Infosys
Reliance Industries
Maruti Suzuki
Explanation - The Steel Authority of India is one of the largest public sector industries and plays a key role in industrial growth.
Correct answer is: Steel Authority of India
Q.23 Which of these industries is labor-intensive?
Textile
Petrochemical
Automobile
Shipbuilding
Explanation - The textile industry is labor-intensive, employing a large workforce in production.
Correct answer is: Textile
Q.24 Which factor did NOT play a role in Britain’s early industrialization?
Abundant coal
Skilled labor
Strong banking system
Scarcity of raw materials
Explanation - Britain’s early industrialization was supported by abundant resources, not scarcity of raw materials.
Correct answer is: Scarcity of raw materials
Q.25 Which term refers to industries owned and managed by the government?
Private sector industries
Public sector industries
Joint sector industries
Cottage industries
Explanation - Public sector industries are owned and managed by the government to ensure equitable growth and services.
Correct answer is: Public sector industries