Q.1 Which of the following is considered a key indicator of health development in an economy?
Literacy Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
GDP per Capita
Unemployment Rate
Explanation - Infant mortality rate reflects the availability and quality of healthcare services, making it a critical indicator of health development.
Correct answer is: Infant Mortality Rate
Q.2 Improvement in health outcomes often leads to:
Lower productivity
Higher labor force participation
Decreased life expectancy
Higher unemployment
Explanation - Better health allows people to work more productively and participate actively in the labor force.
Correct answer is: Higher labor force participation
Q.3 What does 'life expectancy at birth' measure?
Average age of parents at childbirth
Average number of years a newborn is expected to live
Number of births per year
Mortality rate of adults
Explanation - Life expectancy at birth estimates the average lifespan a newborn can expect, assuming current mortality rates persist.
Correct answer is: Average number of years a newborn is expected to live
Q.4 Which organization publishes the Human Development Index (HDI)?
World Bank
IMF
United Nations Development Programme
WHO
Explanation - The UNDP publishes the HDI, which includes health indicators like life expectancy.
Correct answer is: United Nations Development Programme
Q.5 Malnutrition in children primarily affects:
GDP directly
Cognitive and physical development
Adult literacy rates
Foreign exchange reserves
Explanation - Malnutrition hampers a child's brain and body growth, affecting future productivity and well-being.
Correct answer is: Cognitive and physical development
Q.6 Which of the following diseases is considered a major barrier to economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Diabetes
HIV/AIDS
Asthma
Arthritis
Explanation - HIV/AIDS has had a severe impact on health and development, reducing life expectancy and labor productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Correct answer is: HIV/AIDS
Q.7 Public health expenditure refers to:
Total money spent by private individuals on healthcare
Government spending on healthcare services
Loans taken by hospitals
Profits earned by pharmaceutical companies
Explanation - Public health expenditure is the amount spent by governments to provide health services and facilities.
Correct answer is: Government spending on healthcare services
Q.8 Sanitation and clean drinking water are linked to:
Higher stock market growth
Better health outcomes
More tax revenue
Trade deficits
Explanation - Improved sanitation and clean water reduce disease and improve population health.
Correct answer is: Better health outcomes
Q.9 The term 'epidemiological transition' refers to:
Shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases
Change in unemployment patterns
Shift from rural to urban population
Change in literacy patterns
Explanation - As countries develop, the disease burden shifts from infectious diseases to chronic and lifestyle-related illnesses.
Correct answer is: Shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases
Q.10 Which indicator is most directly related to maternal health?
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Unemployment Rate
Industrial Growth Rate
Exchange Rate
Explanation - Maternal Mortality Ratio measures deaths per 100,000 live births, reflecting maternal health services.
Correct answer is: Maternal Mortality Ratio
Q.11 Health is considered both a consumption good and:
An investment good
A capital market
A luxury good
A tradable good
Explanation - Health improves well-being directly (consumption good) and enhances productivity (investment good).
Correct answer is: An investment good
Q.12 The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in which year?
1919
1945
1948
1960
Explanation - The WHO, a specialized agency of the United Nations, was founded in 1948 to direct international health efforts.
Correct answer is: 1948
Q.13 Universal Health Coverage (UHC) means:
Only rich people can access healthcare
All people receive the health services they need without financial hardship
Healthcare is free for everyone, regardless of resources
Only emergency healthcare is provided
Explanation - UHC ensures access to essential healthcare services without causing financial strain.
Correct answer is: All people receive the health services they need without financial hardship
Q.14 Which of these is a communicable disease?
Tuberculosis
Diabetes
Hypertension
Cancer
Explanation - Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria and spreads between individuals, making it a communicable disease.
Correct answer is: Tuberculosis
Q.15 Health and education together contribute to:
Human Development
Foreign Exchange Reserves
Trade Deficits
Capital Flight
Explanation - Health and education are two key pillars of human development, as reflected in the HDI.
Correct answer is: Human Development
Q.16 Child immunization programs help in:
Increasing GDP directly
Preventing future diseases
Reducing imports
Boosting exports
Explanation - Immunization protects children from deadly diseases, improving long-term health outcomes.
Correct answer is: Preventing future diseases
Q.17 The economic cost of poor health includes:
Reduced productivity
Increased absenteeism
Higher healthcare costs
All of the above
Explanation - Poor health leads to economic losses through reduced productivity, absenteeism, and rising healthcare costs.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.18 Which one is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) related to health?
SDG 1: No Poverty
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
SDG 4: Quality Education
Explanation - SDG 3 focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages.
Correct answer is: SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
Q.19 High disease prevalence in a country can discourage:
Foreign Direct Investment
Industrial growth
Tourism
All of the above
Explanation - A poor health environment discourages investment, hampers industries, and reduces tourism.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.20 Which health indicator is expressed as deaths per 1,000 live births?
Life Expectancy
Infant Mortality Rate
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Fertility Rate
Explanation - Infant Mortality Rate measures deaths of infants under 1 year per 1,000 live births.
Correct answer is: Infant Mortality Rate
Q.21 Access to reproductive health services improves:
Trade balances
Fertility choices and maternal health
Unemployment rates
Stock market returns
Explanation - Reproductive health services reduce risks for women and improve family planning outcomes.
Correct answer is: Fertility choices and maternal health
Q.22 Which region has historically faced the highest child mortality rates?
Europe
North America
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asia
Explanation - Sub-Saharan Africa continues to have high child mortality due to limited healthcare access and poverty.
Correct answer is: Sub-Saharan Africa
Q.23 Good nutrition in childhood contributes to:
Better educational outcomes
Weaker immunity
Lower life expectancy
Slower brain development
Explanation - Well-nourished children have better cognitive abilities and perform better in school.
Correct answer is: Better educational outcomes
Q.24 Economic growth without improvement in health and education is called:
Inclusive Growth
Jobless Growth
Unequal Growth
Hollow Growth
Explanation - When economic growth does not translate into better health and education, it is often termed hollow or non-inclusive growth.
Correct answer is: Hollow Growth
Q.25 The concept of 'health capital' was emphasized by:
Adam Smith
Amartya Sen
Michael Grossman
Paul Samuelson
Explanation - Michael Grossman’s model views health as a form of capital that individuals invest in to improve productivity and longevity.
Correct answer is: Michael Grossman