Q.1 Who is often considered the founder of modern feminist theory?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Simone de Beauvoir
Betty Friedan
Judith Butler
Explanation - Mary Wollstonecraft’s 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' (1792) laid the foundation for modern feminist thought by demanding equal education and rights for women.
Correct answer is: Mary Wollstonecraft
Q.2 Which wave of feminism is most associated with the slogan 'the personal is political'?
First Wave
Second Wave
Third Wave
Fourth Wave
Explanation - Second-wave feminism in the 1960s–1980s emphasized how personal experiences like family, sexuality, and domestic labor are deeply political.
Correct answer is: Second Wave
Q.3 Which feminist thinker wrote 'The Second Sex'?
Angela Davis
Simone de Beauvoir
bell hooks
Betty Friedan
Explanation - Simone de Beauvoir’s 'The Second Sex' (1949) explored the historical treatment of women and declared, 'One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.'
Correct answer is: Simone de Beauvoir
Q.4 The term 'intersectionality' was coined by which scholar?
Judith Butler
Kimberlé Crenshaw
Gloria Steinem
Chandra Mohanty
Explanation - Kimberlé Crenshaw coined 'intersectionality' in 1989 to highlight how overlapping identities like race, gender, and class shape oppression.
Correct answer is: Kimberlé Crenshaw
Q.5 Which wave of feminism focused mainly on suffrage and legal rights for women?
First Wave
Second Wave
Third Wave
Fourth Wave
Explanation - First-wave feminism (19th–early 20th century) concentrated on legal equality, especially the right to vote.
Correct answer is: First Wave
Q.6 Judith Butler is best known for which concept?
Gender performativity
Patriarchy
Cultural feminism
Standpoint theory
Explanation - Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity argues that gender is not innate but is performed through repeated behaviors and norms.
Correct answer is: Gender performativity
Q.7 What does patriarchy refer to in feminist theory?
Rule by women
Rule by men
Equal rule by men and women
Rule by tradition
Explanation - Patriarchy refers to social systems where men hold power and dominate in political, economic, and social life.
Correct answer is: Rule by men
Q.8 Which feminist text is credited with sparking Second Wave feminism in the U.S.?
A Room of One’s Own
The Feminine Mystique
The Second Sex
Gender Trouble
Explanation - Betty Friedan’s 'The Feminine Mystique' (1963) exposed the dissatisfaction of suburban housewives, inspiring second-wave feminism.
Correct answer is: The Feminine Mystique
Q.9 Black feminist thought emphasizes the intersection of gender with which factor?
Nationality
Race
Age
Religion
Explanation - Black feminist thought highlights how gender oppression intersects with racial discrimination, shaping unique experiences.
Correct answer is: Race
Q.10 What does the 'male gaze' theory, popularized by Laura Mulvey, describe?
How men are judged by society
How women view men in media
How media represents women from a male perspective
How women resist patriarchal control
Explanation - Laura Mulvey’s 'male gaze' theory explains how films and media objectify women through a male-centered perspective.
Correct answer is: How media represents women from a male perspective
Q.11 Which feminist is closely associated with the concept of 'standpoint theory'?
Nancy Hartsock
bell hooks
Gloria Anzaldúa
Simone de Beauvoir
Explanation - Nancy Hartsock developed standpoint theory, arguing that marginalized groups, such as women, have unique perspectives that reveal power dynamics.
Correct answer is: Nancy Hartsock
Q.12 Which wave of feminism is most associated with digital activism and social media campaigns like #MeToo?
First Wave
Second Wave
Third Wave
Fourth Wave
Explanation - Fourth-wave feminism (2010s–present) is marked by online activism and focus on issues like sexual harassment, intersectionality, and inclusivity.
Correct answer is: Fourth Wave
Q.13 Which feminist writer emphasized the importance of women having financial independence in 'A Room of One’s Own'?
Virginia Woolf
Gloria Steinem
Mary Wollstonecraft
Betty Friedan
Explanation - Virginia Woolf argued in 'A Room of One’s Own' (1929) that women need financial independence and personal space to create literature.
Correct answer is: Virginia Woolf
Q.14 Radical feminism primarily focuses on:
Legal equality
Eliminating class divisions
Dismantling patriarchy
Cultural differences
Explanation - Radical feminism argues that patriarchy is the root of women’s oppression and calls for its complete dismantling.
Correct answer is: Dismantling patriarchy
Q.15 Which concept in feminist theory critiques the idea of universal 'womanhood'?
Intersectionality
Patriarchy
Maternal feminism
Essentialism
Explanation - Intersectionality shows that women’s experiences differ based on race, class, sexuality, and other factors, challenging the idea of universal womanhood.
Correct answer is: Intersectionality
Q.16 Which feminist activist co-founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966?
Gloria Steinem
Angela Davis
Betty Friedan
Sojourner Truth
Explanation - Betty Friedan co-founded NOW to fight for women’s rights in employment, education, and politics.
Correct answer is: Betty Friedan
Q.17 Postmodern feminism is most concerned with:
Biological determinism
Universal sisterhood
Deconstructing categories of gender
Voting rights
Explanation - Postmodern feminism questions fixed categories like 'woman' or 'man,' emphasizing fluidity and diversity of gender identities.
Correct answer is: Deconstructing categories of gender
Q.18 Who wrote 'Ain’t I a Woman?' highlighting the struggles of Black women?
bell hooks
Angela Davis
Sojourner Truth
Audre Lorde
Explanation - Sojourner Truth delivered the famous speech 'Ain’t I a Woman?' in 1851, challenging racism and sexism simultaneously.
Correct answer is: Sojourner Truth
Q.19 Cultural feminism emphasizes:
Women’s biological inferiority
The value of women’s unique traits and culture
Rejecting differences between men and women
Legal equality only
Explanation - Cultural feminism celebrates women’s unique values, often linked to nurturing, cooperation, and empathy.
Correct answer is: The value of women’s unique traits and culture
Q.20 bell hooks emphasized feminism as:
Hatred of men
Movement to end sexism
Fight for legal equality only
Focus on women in politics
Explanation - bell hooks defined feminism as the struggle to end sexist oppression in all its forms, not just benefiting women.
Correct answer is: Movement to end sexism
Q.21 Ecofeminism connects women’s oppression with:
Technology
Nature exploitation
Religious rituals
Political corruption
Explanation - Ecofeminism links the domination of women with the exploitation of nature, critiquing patriarchal systems of control.
Correct answer is: Nature exploitation
Q.22 Which thinker argued that capitalism and patriarchy are intertwined in women’s oppression?
Angela Davis
Nancy Chodorow
Gloria Steinem
Betty Friedan
Explanation - Angela Davis highlighted how race, class, and capitalism combine with patriarchy to oppress women.
Correct answer is: Angela Davis
Q.23 Third-wave feminism is often associated with which themes?
Suffrage
Workplace equality
Identity, diversity, and individuality
Voting rights
Explanation - Third-wave feminism (1990s–2000s) emphasized diversity, intersectionality, and celebrating individual identities.
Correct answer is: Identity, diversity, and individuality
Q.24 The slogan 'Women’s rights are human rights' was popularized by which figure?
Gloria Steinem
Hillary Clinton
bell hooks
Betty Friedan
Explanation - Hillary Clinton’s 1995 Beijing speech popularized the slogan 'Women’s rights are human rights,' emphasizing global gender equality.
Correct answer is: Hillary Clinton
Q.25 Who argued that 'man is the norm, woman the Other'?
Judith Butler
Simone de Beauvoir
Virginia Woolf
Mary Wollstonecraft
Explanation - In 'The Second Sex,' Simone de Beauvoir explained how women have been defined in relation to men as the 'Other.'
Correct answer is: Simone de Beauvoir