Q.1 Which of the following best describes a patriarchal family structure?
A family where men hold primary power
A family where women hold primary power
A family with equal decision-making between genders
A family led by the eldest child
Explanation - In patriarchal family structures, men typically hold authority over property, decision-making, and leadership roles.
Correct answer is: A family where men hold primary power
Q.2 Which term refers to the societal expectation that women take primary responsibility for household labor?
Gender division of labor
Matriarchy
Gender equality
Patriarchy
Explanation - Gender division of labor describes how certain tasks are socially assigned to men or women, often placing household responsibilities on women.
Correct answer is: Gender division of labor
Q.3 Which sociologist emphasized the impact of family on reproducing social inequalities?
Émile Durkheim
Pierre Bourdieu
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Explanation - Bourdieu highlighted how families transmit cultural and social capital, which can reinforce inequalities across generations.
Correct answer is: Pierre Bourdieu
Q.4 The concept of 'dual burden' in families refers to:
Men working both at home and outside
Women managing both paid work and household responsibilities
Children balancing school and household chores
Elderly members supporting grandchildren
Explanation - 'Dual burden' or 'second shift' highlights that women often handle both employment and domestic work simultaneously.
Correct answer is: Women managing both paid work and household responsibilities
Q.5 Which family type is characterized by only one parent raising children?
Nuclear family
Extended family
Single-parent family
Joint family
Explanation - A single-parent family consists of one parent (mother or father) caring for the child or children.
Correct answer is: Single-parent family
Q.6 In which family system does authority rest with the oldest female?
Patriarchy
Matriarchy
Nuclear family
Joint family
Explanation - Matriarchy is a social system where women, especially elder women, hold primary power and decision-making authority.
Correct answer is: Matriarchy
Q.7 Which of the following is an example of gender socialization within families?
Teaching girls to cook and boys to repair things
Enrolling children in school
Taking children to parks
Celebrating birthdays
Explanation - Gender socialization occurs when families reinforce cultural expectations of 'appropriate' roles for men and women.
Correct answer is: Teaching girls to cook and boys to repair things
Q.8 The practice of patrilocal residence means:
Couples live near the wife's family
Couples live near the husband's family
Couples live independently
Couples live with their children only
Explanation - Patrilocality is a cultural practice where the married couple resides with or near the husband's family.
Correct answer is: Couples live near the husband's family
Q.9 Which of the following has contributed to changing gender roles in families?
Increased women's labor force participation
Rise in patriarchal norms
Decline in education for women
Strengthened traditional family hierarchies
Explanation - As women engage more in paid employment, traditional gender roles in the family are being renegotiated.
Correct answer is: Increased women's labor force participation
Q.10 Which theory focuses on how families maintain gender inequalities?
Conflict theory
Functionalism
Symbolic interactionism
Rational choice theory
Explanation - Conflict theory emphasizes that family structures often reinforce power imbalances and gender inequalities.
Correct answer is: Conflict theory
Q.11 What is the term for unequal power and decision-making between men and women in households?
Gender equality
Household patriarchy
Gender neutral
Matriarchy
Explanation - Household patriarchy refers to male dominance in family decision-making and authority.
Correct answer is: Household patriarchy
Q.12 Which of the following is a key feature of a nuclear family?
It consists of parents and children only
It includes grandparents and cousins
It is led by the eldest male
It always follows matrilineal descent
Explanation - A nuclear family is a basic family unit of parents and their children living together independently.
Correct answer is: It consists of parents and children only
Q.13 How does family contribute to the socialization of gender roles?
By providing formal education
By enforcing cultural expectations and behaviors for males and females
By organizing community events
By granting political rights
Explanation - Families teach children societal norms about how males and females are expected to behave.
Correct answer is: By enforcing cultural expectations and behaviors for males and females
Q.14 The concept of 'second shift' was coined by:
Arlie Hochschild
Betty Friedan
Simone de Beauvoir
Judith Butler
Explanation - Hochschild described the 'second shift' as the domestic labor women do after their paid work, highlighting gender inequality at home.
Correct answer is: Arlie Hochschild
Q.15 Which of the following is an effect of industrialization on gender and family?
Shift from extended to nuclear families
Increase in joint family systems
Strengthening of matriarchal norms
Decline in women's labor participation
Explanation - Industrialization often led to urban migration and smaller family units, changing family structures.
Correct answer is: Shift from extended to nuclear families
Q.16 Which family arrangement is common in societies that follow matrilineal descent?
Inheritance through mother's line
Inheritance through father's line
Inheritance shared equally among all siblings
No inheritance rules
Explanation - Matrilineal descent means property and family names are passed through the female line.
Correct answer is: Inheritance through mother's line
Q.17 Which factor most influences gender roles in families?
Culture and tradition
Climate
Geography
Technology alone
Explanation - Cultural norms and traditions largely shape expectations of male and female roles within families.
Correct answer is: Culture and tradition
Q.18 Which of the following describes co-residence of multiple generations in one household?
Extended family
Nuclear family
Single-parent family
Patrilineal family
Explanation - Extended families include grandparents, parents, children, and sometimes other relatives living together.
Correct answer is: Extended family
Q.19 What is one way families contribute to the reproduction of social class inequalities?
Passing on cultural and social capital
Providing universal healthcare
Enforcing gender-neutral laws
Promoting random marriage choices
Explanation - Families transmit resources like education, networks, and cultural knowledge, maintaining class differences.
Correct answer is: Passing on cultural and social capital
Q.20 Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'emotional labor' in families?
Women managing household and emotional needs of family
Men doing only paid work
Children attending school
Elders supervising property
Explanation - Emotional labor refers to the effort of managing feelings and relationships, often expected from women in households.
Correct answer is: Women managing household and emotional needs of family
Q.21 Which theory sees the family as performing essential functions for society?
Functionalism
Conflict theory
Feminist theory
Critical theory
Explanation - Functionalists argue that families contribute to social stability by socializing children and regulating reproduction.
Correct answer is: Functionalism
Q.22 Which factor has led to more egalitarian gender roles in modern families?
Women’s increased education and employment
Stricter patriarchal norms
Decreased urbanization
Reduced access to technology
Explanation - Higher education and workforce participation empower women and encourage more equal sharing of family roles.
Correct answer is: Women’s increased education and employment
Q.23 Which of the following describes a bilateral descent system?
Inheritance is traced through both parents
Inheritance is traced through the father only
Inheritance is traced through the mother only
Inheritance is based on eldest child only
Explanation - In bilateral descent, family lineage, property, and inheritance are recognized through both male and female lines.
Correct answer is: Inheritance is traced through both parents
Q.24 Which term describes families in which roles and responsibilities are shared more equally between men and women?
Egalitarian family
Patriarchal family
Matriarchal family
Extended family
Explanation - Egalitarian families promote equality in decision-making, labor division, and power between genders.
Correct answer is: Egalitarian family