Q.1 Which term best describes the economic activities carried out by women that are not formally recognized or compensated?
Formal labor
Unpaid labor
Wage employment
Entrepreneurship
Explanation - Unpaid labor refers to work such as caregiving, household chores, or subsistence farming, often performed by women without monetary compensation.
Correct answer is: Unpaid labor
Q.2 The Gender Wage Gap refers to:
The difference in employment rates between men and women
The disparity in average earnings between men and women
The number of women entrepreneurs
The representation of women in trade unions
Explanation - The Gender Wage Gap measures how much less women earn on average compared to men for similar work or positions.
Correct answer is: The disparity in average earnings between men and women
Q.3 Which of the following policies directly promotes women's participation in the formal economy?
Flexible working hours
Patriarchal inheritance norms
Child marriage
Gender stereotyping in education
Explanation - Policies like flexible working hours help women balance work and family responsibilities, increasing their participation in the formal economy.
Correct answer is: Flexible working hours
Q.4 Microfinance schemes primarily target:
Large corporations
Small-scale women entrepreneurs
Government officials
Industrial labor unions
Explanation - Microfinance provides small loans and financial services to women to encourage entrepreneurship and economic self-sufficiency.
Correct answer is: Small-scale women entrepreneurs
Q.5 The term 'feminization of labor' refers to:
Increase of men in traditionally female jobs
Increase of women in the workforce, often in low-paid or informal sectors
Men working from home
Decline of women in managerial roles
Explanation - Feminization of labor highlights the growing participation of women in the workforce, typically in vulnerable or poorly paid positions.
Correct answer is: Increase of women in the workforce, often in low-paid or informal sectors
Q.6 Which economic sector traditionally employs a higher percentage of women globally?
Construction
Manufacturing
Agriculture
Mining
Explanation - Globally, women are heavily represented in agriculture, especially in subsistence farming and rural economies.
Correct answer is: Agriculture
Q.7 Gender budgeting is primarily intended to:
Ensure equal numbers of men and women in government
Analyze and address gender disparities in public spending
Increase corporate profits
Promote male employment
Explanation - Gender budgeting reviews government budgets to ensure resources are allocated equitably and benefit both genders.
Correct answer is: Analyze and address gender disparities in public spending
Q.8 Which of the following is a barrier to women's economic empowerment?
Access to education
Equal property rights
Discriminatory labor laws
Microfinance programs
Explanation - Laws or practices that limit women's work opportunities, wages, or ownership rights prevent full economic empowerment.
Correct answer is: Discriminatory labor laws
Q.9 Informal economy typically involves:
Unregulated and unprotected labor
High-tech jobs in multinational firms
Government-regulated employment
Stock market trading
Explanation - The informal economy includes jobs without formal contracts, social security, or labor protections, where women are often overrepresented.
Correct answer is: Unregulated and unprotected labor
Q.10 The concept of 'time poverty' often affects women because:
They work fewer hours than men
Household and caregiving duties limit their time for paid work
They have more leisure time
They are more likely to work in office jobs
Explanation - Women often face 'time poverty' as unpaid domestic responsibilities reduce opportunities for paid employment and self-development.
Correct answer is: Household and caregiving duties limit their time for paid work
Q.11 Which international organization frequently publishes data on gender and labor?
World Bank
FIFA
UNESCO
NATO
Explanation - The World Bank provides extensive research and data on gender disparities in economic participation and development.
Correct answer is: World Bank
Q.12 Which of the following strategies helps reduce the gender pay gap?
Anonymous job applications
Restricting women to part-time jobs
Excluding women from management
Reducing maternity leave
Explanation - Removing identifying information from applications can reduce bias and ensure fairer evaluation based on skills, helping close the gender pay gap.
Correct answer is: Anonymous job applications
Q.13 What is the effect of women's increased labor force participation on the economy?
Reduces GDP
Increases household and national income
Leads to higher unemployment among men
Decreases productivity
Explanation - Greater female participation adds labor resources, boosts household earnings, and contributes positively to overall economic growth.
Correct answer is: Increases household and national income
Q.14 Which term describes ownership or control over productive resources such as land or capital?
Economic empowerment
Financial literacy
Gender mainstreaming
Time poverty
Explanation - Economic empowerment involves control over assets and resources, allowing individuals, particularly women, to participate fully in economic life.
Correct answer is: Economic empowerment
Q.15 Gender-sensitive economic policies aim to:
Focus only on male employment
Ensure equitable benefits and opportunities for all genders
Limit women's participation in business
Increase taxes for women entrepreneurs
Explanation - These policies address structural gender inequalities and promote fairness in access to resources and economic opportunities.
Correct answer is: Ensure equitable benefits and opportunities for all genders
Q.16 Which sector shows persistent gender segregation with men dominating high-paid jobs and women in low-paid positions?
Finance and technology
Domestic work
Primary agriculture
Retail informal labor
Explanation - High-skilled sectors like finance and technology still see men in top roles, while women are underrepresented in leadership despite high participation.
Correct answer is: Finance and technology
Q.17 The term 'glass ceiling' refers to:
A barrier preventing women from advancing to higher positions
Equal pay initiatives
Flexible working conditions
Microfinance opportunities for women
Explanation - The 'glass ceiling' metaphor illustrates invisible barriers in organizations that prevent women from reaching top leadership positions.
Correct answer is: A barrier preventing women from advancing to higher positions
Q.18 Which of the following is an example of gendered division of labor?
Men in construction, women in caregiving
Men and women working equally in all sectors
Women in managerial roles, men in domestic work
Random distribution of labor
Explanation - Gendered division of labor assigns different types of work to men and women based on social norms rather than choice or capability.
Correct answer is: Men in construction, women in caregiving
Q.19 Which program or initiative helps women access capital for business ventures?
Microfinance schemes
Trade union strikes
Government austerity measures
Subsidies for male workers
Explanation - Microfinance provides small loans and financial services specifically aimed at helping women start or grow small businesses.
Correct answer is: Microfinance schemes
Q.20 Occupational segregation by gender can lead to:
Equal pay across all sectors
Reinforcement of wage gaps
Higher male unemployment only
Faster economic growth
Explanation - When women are concentrated in lower-paid jobs and men in higher-paid ones, wage inequality is reinforced across sectors.
Correct answer is: Reinforcement of wage gaps
Q.21 Which of the following statements is true about unpaid domestic work?
It contributes to the economy by supporting labor productivity indirectly
It is counted in GDP calculations
It is exclusively performed by men
It has no economic value
Explanation - Unpaid domestic work enables paid labor to function, indirectly contributing to overall economic productivity, though often unrecognized.
Correct answer is: It contributes to the economy by supporting labor productivity indirectly
Q.22 Which of the following challenges women entrepreneurs face more often than men?
Access to credit and financial resources
Lack of motivation
Inability to work hard
Absence of education
Explanation - Women often face systemic barriers to obtaining loans and financial support, limiting their entrepreneurial potential.
Correct answer is: Access to credit and financial resources
Q.23 Which approach helps reduce the gender gap in economic participation?
Promoting STEM education among women
Maintaining traditional gender roles
Restricting women to part-time work
Limiting access to childcare
Explanation - Encouraging women to enter STEM fields opens higher-paying career opportunities, reducing the economic gender gap.
Correct answer is: Promoting STEM education among women
Q.24 Social norms can affect women's economic participation by:
Restricting mobility and work choices
Guaranteeing equal pay
Ensuring legal protection
Increasing women's control over resources
Explanation - Cultural expectations and social norms often limit women's freedom to pursue certain jobs or work outside the home.
Correct answer is: Restricting mobility and work choices
Q.25 Which of the following is a long-term benefit of empowering women economically?
Reduction in poverty and improved family health
Increase in gender stereotypes
Decrease in female literacy
Reduced national income
Explanation - Economic empowerment of women contributes to higher household incomes, better nutrition, education, and overall societal well-being.
Correct answer is: Reduction in poverty and improved family health