Q.1 What is the primary focus of multiculturalism in a society?
Promoting a single dominant culture
Encouraging cultural diversity and equality
Eliminating all cultural differences
Focusing only on economic growth
Explanation - Multiculturalism emphasizes recognizing, respecting, and promoting cultural diversity within a society, ensuring equality among different cultural groups.
Correct answer is: Encouraging cultural diversity and equality
Q.2 Which of the following is an example of cultural assimilation?
A minority group adopting the dominant language and customs
Preserving traditional clothing and rituals
Promoting multilingual education
Celebrating multiple cultural festivals
Explanation - Cultural assimilation occurs when a minority group gradually adopts the culture of the dominant group, often losing aspects of their original culture.
Correct answer is: A minority group adopting the dominant language and customs
Q.3 Which sociologist emphasized the concept of 'cultural pluralism'?
Emile Durkheim
Robert Park
Talcott Parsons
Max Weber
Explanation - Robert Park discussed cultural pluralism, where different cultural groups coexist within a society while maintaining their unique cultural identities.
Correct answer is: Robert Park
Q.4 What is a common challenge in multicultural societies?
Economic stagnation
Cultural conflicts and misunderstandings
Uniform education policies
Absence of cultural practices
Explanation - Multicultural societies often face challenges in integrating diverse cultures, which can lead to misunderstandings, prejudice, or conflicts.
Correct answer is: Cultural conflicts and misunderstandings
Q.5 Which of the following best describes 'ethnocentrism'?
The belief that all cultures are equally valuable
Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture
Adopting multiple cultural practices
Celebrating cultural diversity
Explanation - Ethnocentrism involves evaluating other cultures based on the values and norms of one’s own culture, often leading to bias and prejudice.
Correct answer is: Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture
Q.6 What is the difference between 'multiculturalism' and 'pluralism'?
Multiculturalism promotes a single culture; pluralism promotes diversity
Pluralism encourages coexistence of diverse cultures; multiculturalism actively promotes equality among them
They are the same concept
Pluralism eliminates minority cultures
Explanation - Pluralism focuses on coexistence of multiple cultural groups, while multiculturalism actively supports cultural equality and inclusion.
Correct answer is: Pluralism encourages coexistence of diverse cultures; multiculturalism actively promotes equality among them
Q.7 Which of the following is an example of cultural diversity?
Everyone speaking the same language
Variety of religions, languages, and traditions in a society
Uniform educational system
Standardized dress code
Explanation - Cultural diversity refers to the presence of multiple distinct cultural groups within a society, each with its own language, religion, and traditions.
Correct answer is: Variety of religions, languages, and traditions in a society
Q.8 Which approach aims to integrate immigrants while allowing them to maintain their original culture?
Assimilation
Segregation
Integration
Acculturation
Explanation - Integration encourages immigrants to participate in the broader society while preserving key aspects of their cultural identity.
Correct answer is: Integration
Q.9 What does 'cultural relativism' advocate?
Judging other cultures as inferior
Understanding cultures in their own context
Promoting a dominant culture
Eliminating cultural differences
Explanation - Cultural relativism is the principle that a person should understand another culture based on its own values and standards rather than one’s own.
Correct answer is: Understanding cultures in their own context
Q.10 Which of the following is a positive outcome of cultural diversity?
Social tension
Broader perspectives and innovation
Cultural isolation
Conflict over norms
Explanation - Cultural diversity fosters creativity, innovation, and broader social perspectives by combining ideas from multiple cultures.
Correct answer is: Broader perspectives and innovation
Q.11 Which term describes a society where multiple cultural groups maintain their unique traditions while interacting with each other?
Monocultural society
Melting pot
Cultural mosaic
Assimilation
Explanation - A cultural mosaic describes a society in which diverse cultural groups coexist, maintaining their distinct identities while participating in a common society.
Correct answer is: Cultural mosaic
Q.12 Which of the following policies supports multiculturalism?
Banning minority languages
Promoting cultural festivals for all groups
Restricting immigration
Enforcing a single religion
Explanation - Policies supporting multiculturalism promote inclusion and equality for all cultural groups, such as celebrating diverse cultural festivals.
Correct answer is: Promoting cultural festivals for all groups
Q.13 Which challenge can arise from cultural pluralism?
Complete cultural isolation
Difficulty in policy-making due to diverse values
Uniform cultural practices
Elimination of cultural identity
Explanation - Cultural pluralism can create challenges in governance and policy-making because different groups may have conflicting cultural values and expectations.
Correct answer is: Difficulty in policy-making due to diverse values
Q.14 Which of the following is an example of acculturation?
A society with only one language
Immigrants adopting some customs while retaining others
Complete adoption of a new culture
Rejecting all foreign influences
Explanation - Acculturation involves adopting elements of another culture while keeping parts of one's original culture.
Correct answer is: Immigrants adopting some customs while retaining others
Q.15 Why is multicultural education important?
It promotes a single cultural perspective
It helps students understand and respect diverse cultures
It eliminates minority cultures
It focuses only on economic skills
Explanation - Multicultural education aims to promote cultural awareness, understanding, and respect among students from diverse backgrounds.
Correct answer is: It helps students understand and respect diverse cultures
Q.16 Which factor often strengthens cultural identity in multicultural societies?
Isolation from other groups
Cultural preservation programs
Assimilation policies
Limiting cultural expression
Explanation - Programs that support cultural preservation, such as language courses and festivals, help maintain the identity of cultural groups in diverse societies.
Correct answer is: Cultural preservation programs
Q.17 Which concept emphasizes understanding behaviors and beliefs relative to the cultural context?
Ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism
Assimilation
Homogenization
Explanation - Cultural relativism stresses evaluating cultural practices within their own context rather than using external standards.
Correct answer is: Cultural relativism
Q.18 Which of the following is NOT a principle of multiculturalism?
Equitable treatment of all cultural groups
Preservation of minority cultures
Forced assimilation
Promotion of cultural diversity
Explanation - Multiculturalism opposes forced assimilation and instead encourages the coexistence and respect of multiple cultures.
Correct answer is: Forced assimilation
Q.19 Which of the following is a social benefit of cultural diversity?
Reduced creativity
Broader problem-solving approaches
Increased social conflict only
Uniform thinking
Explanation - Cultural diversity introduces multiple perspectives, which can enhance creativity, innovation, and complex problem-solving.
Correct answer is: Broader problem-solving approaches
Q.20 In sociology, what does the term 'subculture' refer to?
A culture that dominates all others
A smaller cultural group within a larger society with distinct beliefs
The process of cultural assimilation
Erasing cultural differences
Explanation - A subculture is a cultural group that exists within a larger culture but has its own norms, values, and practices.
Correct answer is: A smaller cultural group within a larger society with distinct beliefs
Q.21 Which term describes blending multiple cultural elements into a new, hybrid culture?
Assimilation
Syncretism
Segregation
Pluralism
Explanation - Syncretism is the process of combining elements from different cultures to create a new, integrated cultural form.
Correct answer is: Syncretism
Q.22 Which of the following is an example of a multicultural policy?
Encouraging monolingual education
Supporting cultural festivals for all communities
Banning minority religions
Promoting one national cuisine
Explanation - A multicultural policy encourages recognition and celebration of multiple cultural groups within society.
Correct answer is: Supporting cultural festivals for all communities
Q.23 Which sociological theory emphasizes that society is shaped by interactions among individuals from different cultures?
Functionalism
Symbolic Interactionism
Conflict Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Explanation - Symbolic Interactionism studies how individuals create social meaning through interactions, including intercultural exchanges.
Correct answer is: Symbolic Interactionism
Q.24 What is a 'melting pot' in terms of culture?
A society where all cultures are preserved separately
A society where diverse cultures blend into one
A society dominated by a single culture
A society with no cultural interactions
Explanation - The melting pot metaphor describes a society where different cultural groups mix, often losing distinct cultural identities to form a unified culture.
Correct answer is: A society where diverse cultures blend into one