Q.1 Which of the following best defines 'community' in sociological terms?
A group of people living in the same city
A group of people sharing common values, interests, or identity
Any group of friends
A network of social media followers
Explanation - In sociology, a community is defined not just by physical proximity but by shared interests, values, norms, or identity.
Correct answer is: A group of people sharing common values, interests, or identity
Q.2 Social identity primarily refers to:
The way individuals perceive themselves within social groups
A person's legal identification
An individual’s personality traits
A person's economic status
Explanation - Social identity theory emphasizes how individuals define themselves based on group membership.
Correct answer is: The way individuals perceive themselves within social groups
Q.3 Which sociologist introduced the concept of 'collective consciousness'?
Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Herbert Spencer
Explanation - Durkheim introduced 'collective consciousness' to describe shared beliefs and moral attitudes that operate as a unifying force in society.
Correct answer is: Emile Durkheim
Q.4 Which of the following is an example of a primary group?
Coworkers in a company
A local sports club
Immediate family members
Political party members
Explanation - Primary groups are characterized by close, personal, and enduring relationships, like those found in families.
Correct answer is: Immediate family members
Q.5 Ethnic identity is best described as:
A sense of belonging to a particular religion
Identification with a specific cultural heritage or ancestry
Preference for a particular lifestyle
A legal citizenship status
Explanation - Ethnic identity refers to one’s affiliation with a group sharing common ancestry, language, or culture.
Correct answer is: Identification with a specific cultural heritage or ancestry
Q.6 Which term refers to the process by which individuals learn and adopt the norms of their community?
Socialization
Globalization
Urbanization
Segregation
Explanation - Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of their society.
Correct answer is: Socialization
Q.7 The 'in-group' vs 'out-group' distinction is associated with which concept?
Social stratification
Group identity
Economic inequality
Political affiliation
Explanation - In-group and out-group dynamics explain how people categorize themselves and others based on group membership.
Correct answer is: Group identity
Q.8 Community cohesion refers to:
The number of people living in a neighborhood
The sense of belonging and solidarity among members of a community
The economic development of a town
The political stability of a region
Explanation - Community cohesion is about the strength of relationships and shared values among community members.
Correct answer is: The sense of belonging and solidarity among members of a community
Q.9 Which type of identity is often formed through comparison with other groups?
Personal identity
Social identity
Religious identity
National identity
Explanation - Social identity is shaped by both self-perception and differentiation from other social groups.
Correct answer is: Social identity
Q.10 Which of the following best illustrates symbolic interactionism in community identity?
Community rituals that reinforce shared meanings
Economic inequality between neighborhoods
Government policies affecting cities
Historical wars shaping national borders
Explanation - Symbolic interactionism focuses on the daily interactions and shared symbols that give meaning to social life.
Correct answer is: Community rituals that reinforce shared meanings
Q.11 A 'virtual community' primarily exists:
In physical neighborhoods
Through online networks
In religious institutions
In workplace settings
Explanation - Virtual communities are groups of people who interact primarily through digital platforms rather than face-to-face.
Correct answer is: Through online networks
Q.12 Which sociologist emphasized the role of social identity in conflict between groups?
George Herbert Mead
Henri Tajfel
Erving Goffman
Robert Merton
Explanation - Tajfel developed Social Identity Theory, highlighting how group identification can lead to intergroup conflict.
Correct answer is: Henri Tajfel
Q.13 The term 'collective identity' refers to:
An individual’s unique personality traits
Shared sense of belonging to a group
Legal documentation of group membership
The history of a family lineage
Explanation - Collective identity is about the shared perception and feeling of belonging among members of a social group.
Correct answer is: Shared sense of belonging to a group
Q.14 Which of the following best represents a secondary group?
Childhood friends
Work colleagues
Immediate family
Religious mentors
Explanation - Secondary groups are larger and more impersonal, often goal-oriented, like professional associations.
Correct answer is: Work colleagues
Q.15 Cultural pluralism in a community refers to:
Dominance of a single culture
Existence and acceptance of multiple cultures
Rapid assimilation of minorities
Elimination of local traditions
Explanation - Cultural pluralism emphasizes the coexistence and respect of diverse cultural groups within a community.
Correct answer is: Existence and acceptance of multiple cultures
Q.16 Which factor most influences social identity formation in adolescents?
Peer groups
Government regulations
Global trade
Climate conditions
Explanation - Adolescents often shape their social identity based on interactions and acceptance within peer groups.
Correct answer is: Peer groups
Q.17 The concept of 'imagined communities' is associated with which sociologist?
Benedict Anderson
Max Weber
Emile Durkheim
Karl Marx
Explanation - Anderson's concept refers to communities where members perceive a sense of connection even without direct interaction.
Correct answer is: Benedict Anderson
Q.18 Which of the following is NOT a factor in community cohesion?
Shared values
Mutual trust
Economic inequality
Active participation in community life
Explanation - Economic inequality can weaken community cohesion, unlike shared values and trust which strengthen it.
Correct answer is: Economic inequality
Q.19 National identity is an example of:
Personal identity
Collective identity
Virtual identity
Religious identity
Explanation - National identity is a collective identity because it involves shared allegiance and belonging to a nation.
Correct answer is: Collective identity
Q.20 Which term refers to the voluntary association of people around shared goals or values?
Community of interest
Primary group
Social class
Caste
Explanation - A community of interest is formed based on shared goals, hobbies, or professional interests rather than geographic location.
Correct answer is: Community of interest
Q.21 Which sociologist highlighted the symbolic meaning of rituals in reinforcing community identity?
Émile Durkheim
Karl Marx
Max Weber
Herbert Spencer
Explanation - Durkheim emphasized that rituals strengthen collective consciousness and community solidarity.
Correct answer is: Émile Durkheim
Q.22 Which of the following illustrates social identity based on occupation?
A person identifying as a teacher
A person identifying as a fan of a football team
A person identifying with their family surname
A person identifying with a political ideology
Explanation - Occupation-based social identity reflects the individual’s sense of self derived from their professional role.
Correct answer is: A person identifying as a teacher
Q.23 Segregation in communities can lead to:
Strengthened social cohesion
Weakened community ties and inequality
Formation of primary groups
Increased peer group solidarity
Explanation - Segregation often results in social exclusion and unequal access to resources, weakening community cohesion.
Correct answer is: Weakened community ties and inequality
Q.24 Social identity theory suggests that individuals derive self-esteem from:
Their personal hobbies
Group memberships
Physical appearance
Economic wealth
Explanation - Social Identity Theory posits that people enhance self-esteem through positive evaluation of the groups they belong to.
Correct answer is: Group memberships
Q.25 The term 'subculture' refers to:
A dominant national culture
A group with distinct norms within a larger society
An economic class
A religious sect
Explanation - Subcultures maintain distinct norms, values, and lifestyles while coexisting within a broader society.
Correct answer is: A group with distinct norms within a larger society