Q.1 Which political ideology emphasizes individual liberty, free markets, and minimal government intervention?
Socialism
Liberalism
Communism
Fascism
Explanation - Liberalism advocates individual freedoms, economic liberty, and limited government intervention in personal and economic affairs.
Correct answer is: Liberalism
Q.2 Which ideology is based on the idea of class struggle and seeks to establish a classless society?
Conservatism
Marxism
Libertarianism
Fascism
Explanation - Marxism, founded by Karl Marx, emphasizes the conflict between classes and aims for a society without class distinctions.
Correct answer is: Marxism
Q.3 Fascism is best characterized by which of the following?
Democratic governance
Strong centralized authority and nationalism
Economic equality
Individual liberty above all
Explanation - Fascism promotes authoritarian rule, extreme nationalism, and suppression of dissent, often rejecting democracy and liberal freedoms.
Correct answer is: Strong centralized authority and nationalism
Q.4 Which ideology supports the redistribution of wealth to achieve social and economic equality?
Socialism
Anarchism
Conservatism
Liberalism
Explanation - Socialism advocates for state or collective ownership of resources to reduce inequalities and provide for citizens' welfare.
Correct answer is: Socialism
Q.5 Which ideology is primarily concerned with preserving traditional institutions and social norms?
Conservatism
Liberalism
Marxism
Anarchism
Explanation - Conservatism emphasizes the importance of maintaining established traditions, social stability, and gradual change rather than radical reform.
Correct answer is: Conservatism
Q.6 Libertarianism primarily advocates:
Strong government control
Maximal individual freedom and minimal state interference
Equality of outcome
Strict nationalism
Explanation - Libertarianism values personal liberty, free choice, and minimal government intervention in both economic and personal matters.
Correct answer is: Maximal individual freedom and minimal state interference
Q.7 Which ideology argues that the state should eventually wither away and society should be self-governed?
Anarchism
Fascism
Socialism
Conservatism
Explanation - Anarchism calls for the elimination of hierarchical government structures, advocating voluntary cooperation and self-management.
Correct answer is: Anarchism
Q.8 Which ideology views history primarily as a series of conflicts between economic classes?
Marxism
Liberalism
Conservatism
Fascism
Explanation - Marxist theory interprets social and political change as driven by conflicts between the ruling and working classes.
Correct answer is: Marxism
Q.9 Which ideology is associated with the principle of 'survival of the fittest' in societal development?
Fascism
Social Darwinism
Liberalism
Communism
Explanation - Social Darwinism applies the concept of natural selection to societies, often justifying inequalities and competition among groups.
Correct answer is: Social Darwinism
Q.10 Which ideology emphasizes collective ownership of property and elimination of private wealth?
Marxism
Liberalism
Conservatism
Fascism
Explanation - Marxism advocates for communal ownership to prevent exploitation and achieve equality in society.
Correct answer is: Marxism
Q.11 Which ideology combines authoritarian leadership with strong nationalist sentiment?
Fascism
Socialism
Liberalism
Libertarianism
Explanation - Fascism centralizes power under a dictatorial leader and emphasizes nationalism and often militarism.
Correct answer is: Fascism
Q.12 Which ideology is rooted in the ideas of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Liberalism
Conservatism
Anarchism
Fascism
Explanation - Liberalism draws from Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Rousseau, emphasizing individual rights, democracy, and rational governance.
Correct answer is: Liberalism
Q.13 Which ideology views government as an instrument to protect the wealthy elite?
Elite theory
Marxism
Liberalism
Anarchism
Explanation - Elite theory posits that a small minority of society, the elite, holds power and uses the state to maintain its interests.
Correct answer is: Elite theory
Q.14 Which ideology believes in gradual reform rather than revolution?
Conservatism
Marxism
Fascism
Anarchism
Explanation - Conservatives prefer incremental change to preserve social stability and avoid radical disruptions.
Correct answer is: Conservatism
Q.15 Which ideology advocates a stateless society with voluntary cooperation among individuals?
Anarchism
Socialism
Fascism
Liberalism
Explanation - Anarchism seeks to eliminate coercive structures and encourage self-managed, cooperative social organization.
Correct answer is: Anarchism
Q.16 Which ideology historically influenced the Russian Revolution of 1917?
Marxism
Liberalism
Conservatism
Fascism
Explanation - Marxist ideas inspired the Bolsheviks, leading to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and establishment of a socialist state.
Correct answer is: Marxism
Q.17 Which ideology typically prioritizes the nation over the individual?
Fascism
Liberalism
Marxism
Anarchism
Explanation - Fascism emphasizes national unity, collective identity, and often suppresses individual freedoms for the sake of the nation.
Correct answer is: Fascism
Q.18 Which ideology supports private property but also advocates social welfare measures?
Social Democracy
Marxism
Fascism
Anarchism
Explanation - Social democracy blends capitalism with policies that promote social justice, such as welfare and labor protections.
Correct answer is: Social Democracy
Q.19 Which ideology is associated with the idea of limited government, rule of law, and constitutionalism?
Liberalism
Fascism
Marxism
Anarchism
Explanation - Liberalism emphasizes protecting individual rights through legal frameworks and restricting arbitrary power of the state.
Correct answer is: Liberalism
Q.20 Which ideology often promotes militarism and expansionist foreign policies?
Fascism
Liberalism
Social Democracy
Anarchism
Explanation - Fascist regimes historically emphasize aggressive nationalism, military strength, and territorial expansion.
Correct answer is: Fascism
Q.21 Which ideology believes in the collective management of production but within a democratic framework?
Democratic Socialism
Fascism
Liberalism
Anarchism
Explanation - Democratic socialism seeks to combine social ownership with democratic political institutions.
Correct answer is: Democratic Socialism
Q.22 Which ideology often opposes radical social change and emphasizes moral order?
Conservatism
Marxism
Anarchism
Liberalism
Explanation - Conservatives value tradition, social continuity, and gradual change rather than abrupt transformations.
Correct answer is: Conservatism
Q.23 Which ideology holds that power should ultimately reside with the working class?
Marxism
Liberalism
Fascism
Conservatism
Explanation - Marxism asserts that the working class (proletariat) should overthrow the bourgeoisie to establish a classless society.
Correct answer is: Marxism
Q.24 Which ideology opposes government intervention in personal and economic matters as much as possible?
Libertarianism
Socialism
Fascism
Conservatism
Explanation - Libertarians advocate minimal state control, emphasizing personal freedom and voluntary association.
Correct answer is: Libertarianism
Q.25 Which ideology emerged in response to industrial capitalism and seeks to protect workers' rights?
Socialism
Fascism
Conservatism
Libertarianism
Explanation - Socialism developed as a critique of capitalism, advocating reforms and protections for the working class.
Correct answer is: Socialism