Q.1 Which document is considered the foundation of international human rights law?
UN Charter
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Geneva Conventions
Magna Carta
Explanation - Adopted in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) laid the foundation for modern international human rights law.
Correct answer is: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Q.2 When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?
1945
1948
1950
1965
Explanation - The UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
Correct answer is: 1948
Q.3 Which body is primarily responsible for promoting human rights within the UN system?
UNESCO
UN Security Council
Human Rights Council
World Bank
Explanation - The UN Human Rights Council is tasked with strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide.
Correct answer is: Human Rights Council
Q.4 What is the main purpose of the Geneva Conventions?
Regulating trade
Protecting civilians and combatants during war
Defining sovereignty
Promoting cultural cooperation
Explanation - The Geneva Conventions provide international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
Correct answer is: Protecting civilians and combatants during war
Q.5 Which of the following rights is considered a 'non-derogable right'?
Freedom of speech
Right to privacy
Right to life
Right to work
Explanation - Non-derogable rights are rights that cannot be suspended even in emergencies, such as the right to life.
Correct answer is: Right to life
Q.6 The International Criminal Court (ICC) mainly deals with:
Trade disputes
War crimes and crimes against humanity
Human trafficking laws
Environmental crimes
Explanation - The ICC prosecutes individuals for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression.
Correct answer is: War crimes and crimes against humanity
Q.7 Which principle underlies humanitarian intervention?
Sovereignty is absolute
Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Balance of Power
Self-determination
Explanation - The Responsibility to Protect doctrine allows intervention when states fail to protect their citizens from mass atrocities.
Correct answer is: Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Q.8 Which UN agency is primarily responsible for refugee protection?
WHO
UNICEF
UNHCR
WFP
Explanation - The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) protects and supports refugees worldwide.
Correct answer is: UNHCR
Q.9 What does Amnesty International focus on?
Economic reforms
Human rights advocacy
Military alliances
Environmental protection
Explanation - Amnesty International is a global NGO dedicated to human rights advocacy.
Correct answer is: Human rights advocacy
Q.10 Which article of the UDHR proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights?
Article 1
Article 5
Article 10
Article 25
Explanation - Article 1 of the UDHR declares equality and dignity for all human beings.
Correct answer is: Article 1
Q.11 Which of the following is NOT a core international human rights treaty?
ICCPR
ICESCR
Geneva Conventions
CEDAW
Explanation - The Geneva Conventions regulate war, not general human rights; the others are core treaties.
Correct answer is: Geneva Conventions
Q.12 The term 'crimes against humanity' was first widely used during:
World War I
World War II
Cold War
Rwandan Genocide
Explanation - The concept was formalized in the Nuremberg Trials after World War II.
Correct answer is: World War II
Q.13 Which convention addresses the elimination of racial discrimination?
CEDAW
CRC
ICERD
CAT
Explanation - The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) tackles racial issues.
Correct answer is: ICERD
Q.14 The principle of asylum protects:
The environment
Refugees fleeing persecution
Economic migrants
Cultural property
Explanation - Asylum grants protection to individuals fleeing persecution in their home countries.
Correct answer is: Refugees fleeing persecution
Q.15 Which human rights treaty is specifically concerned with women?
CRC
CEDAW
ICCPR
CAT
Explanation - The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) focuses on women's rights.
Correct answer is: CEDAW
Q.16 The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is primarily concerned with:
Trade policy
Religious freedom
Humanitarian assistance
Climate change
Explanation - The Red Cross/Red Crescent provides humanitarian relief, especially during conflicts and disasters.
Correct answer is: Humanitarian assistance
Q.17 Which right is protected under the Convention against Torture (CAT)?
Right to work
Freedom from torture
Right to education
Right to privacy
Explanation - The CAT ensures the absolute prohibition of torture under any circumstances.
Correct answer is: Freedom from torture
Q.18 Who is often called the 'father of human rights'?
Eleanor Roosevelt
Rene Cassin
Dag Hammarskjöld
Ban Ki-moon
Explanation - Rene Cassin, a key drafter of the UDHR, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968 for his human rights work.
Correct answer is: Rene Cassin
Q.19 What does the term 'humanitarian corridors' refer to?
Safe passage for civilians during conflict
Trade routes
Immigration policies
UN peacekeeping bases
Explanation - Humanitarian corridors allow civilians and aid to pass safely in war zones.
Correct answer is: Safe passage for civilians during conflict
Q.20 Which right is emphasized in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)?
Right to vote
Right to development
Right to asylum
Right to property
Explanation - The CRC ensures children's rights to survival, protection, and development.
Correct answer is: Right to development
Q.21 Which body investigates human rights violations under the European system?
European Court of Human Rights
European Commission
European Parliament
Council of Europe Assembly
Explanation - The European Court of Human Rights addresses individual and state complaints about human rights violations.
Correct answer is: European Court of Human Rights
Q.22 What does 'R2P' stand for in humanitarian issues?
Right to Participate
Right to Protect
Responsibility to Protect
Refugee Protection Program
Explanation - R2P is a UN principle that holds states accountable to prevent mass atrocities.
Correct answer is: Responsibility to Protect
Q.23 Which famous leader gave the 'Four Freedoms' speech emphasizing human rights?
Winston Churchill
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Mahatma Gandhi
Charles de Gaulle
Explanation - In 1941, Roosevelt’s speech outlined freedoms of speech, worship, from want, and from fear.
Correct answer is: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Q.24 Which global goal is directly related to human rights?
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Doha Development Round
Kyoto Protocol
Explanation - The UN SDGs integrate human rights by aiming at equality, justice, and sustainable living.
Correct answer is: Sustainable Development Goals
Q.25 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) differs from the ICC because it:
Tries individuals
Handles disputes between states
Deals with NGOs
Focuses on refugees
Explanation - The ICJ deals with state-to-state disputes, while the ICC prosecutes individuals for crimes.
Correct answer is: Handles disputes between states