Q.1 Which treaty ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations on Germany?
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty of Westphalia
Treaty of Paris
Explanation - The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, officially ended World War I and imposed severe reparations and territorial losses on Germany.
Correct answer is: Treaty of Versailles
Q.2 Who is considered the father of modern diplomacy?
Niccolò Machiavelli
Klaus Schwab
Henry Kissinger
Carl von Clausewitz
Explanation - Niccolò Machiavelli, in his work 'The Prince', laid the foundations for modern political and diplomatic thought.
Correct answer is: Niccolò Machiavelli
Q.3 The Concert of Europe, established after the Napoleonic Wars, aimed primarily to:
Promote economic globalization
Maintain balance of power in Europe
Expand colonial empires
Encourage free trade
Explanation - The Concert of Europe (1815) was a system where major powers collaborated to prevent any single nation from dominating the continent.
Correct answer is: Maintain balance of power in Europe
Q.4 Which international organization was founded in 1945 to promote peace and security?
League of Nations
United Nations
NATO
Warsaw Pact
Explanation - The United Nations was established after World War II to prevent future conflicts and promote international cooperation.
Correct answer is: United Nations
Q.5 The Cold War primarily involved ideological conflict between:
USA and Germany
USA and USSR
France and Britain
China and Japan
Explanation - The Cold War (1947–1991) was a geopolitical tension between the capitalist USA and the communist USSR.
Correct answer is: USA and USSR
Q.6 Which doctrine declared that the USA would support countries resisting communism?
Monroe Doctrine
Truman Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary
Marshall Plan
Explanation - The Truman Doctrine of 1947 promised American support to countries resisting communist influence, especially Greece and Turkey.
Correct answer is: Truman Doctrine
Q.7 Which conference shaped the post-World War II order in Europe?
Yalta Conference
Geneva Conference
Tehran Conference
Potsdam Conference
Explanation - The Yalta Conference (1945) involved Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin deciding on Europe's post-war reorganization.
Correct answer is: Yalta Conference
Q.8 The policy of 'appeasement' in the 1930s is most associated with which leader?
Winston Churchill
Neville Chamberlain
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Adolf Hitler
Explanation - Chamberlain pursued appeasement, allowing Hitler to annex territories to avoid war, notably the Sudetenland.
Correct answer is: Neville Chamberlain
Q.9 Which war is considered the first 'world war' due to its global scale before WWI?
Seven Years' War
Napoleonic Wars
Crimean War
War of Spanish Succession
Explanation - The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) involved most major powers globally, including Europe, India, and North America, making it the first global conflict.
Correct answer is: Seven Years' War
Q.10 The principle of 'collective security' was central to which organization?
United Nations
League of Nations
European Union
NATO
Explanation - The League of Nations (1919–1946) aimed to prevent war through collective security, where an attack on one was considered an attack on all.
Correct answer is: League of Nations
Q.11 Which event is considered the start of the Cold War?
Berlin Blockade
Yalta Conference
Truman Doctrine
Iron Curtain Speech
Explanation - Winston Churchill's 'Iron Curtain' speech in 1946 highlighted the division of Europe and is often cited as the beginning of the Cold War era.
Correct answer is: Iron Curtain Speech
Q.12 The Marshall Plan was primarily designed to:
Fund military expansion
Rebuild war-torn Europe economically
Contain communism in Asia
Promote nuclear arms race
Explanation - The Marshall Plan (1948) provided economic aid to help Europe recover after WWII and prevent the spread of communism.
Correct answer is: Rebuild war-torn Europe economically
Q.13 Which treaty established the European Union?
Treaty of Lisbon
Treaty of Maastricht
Treaty of Rome
Treaty of Paris
Explanation - The Treaty of Maastricht (1992) formally created the European Union, expanding integration beyond economic cooperation.
Correct answer is: Treaty of Maastricht
Q.14 The concept of 'balance of power' is most closely associated with which period?
Cold War
Renaissance
19th-century Europe
World War II
Explanation - During the 19th century, European powers maintained a balance of power to prevent any one country from dominating the continent.
Correct answer is: 19th-century Europe
Q.15 Which event directly triggered World War I?
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Invasion of Poland
Treaty of Versailles
Sinking of Lusitania
Explanation - The assassination of the Austro-Hungarian heir in Sarajevo in 1914 sparked the chain of events leading to World War I.
Correct answer is: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Q.16 The League of Nations failed primarily because:
It lacked economic programs
Major powers did not fully support it
It was too militaristic
It was only European-focused
Explanation - The USA never joined, and other major powers occasionally ignored its resolutions, undermining the League's effectiveness.
Correct answer is: Major powers did not fully support it
Q.17 Who coined the term 'Cold War'?
Joseph Stalin
Winston Churchill
George Orwell
Walter Lippmann
Explanation - American journalist Walter Lippmann coined the term 'Cold War' in 1947 to describe the ideological conflict between USA and USSR.
Correct answer is: Walter Lippmann
Q.18 The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in which year?
1960
1962
1965
1959
Explanation - The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 brought the world close to nuclear war between the USA and the USSR over missiles in Cuba.
Correct answer is: 1962
Q.19 The principle of 'sovereignty' became central to international relations after:
Treaty of Westphalia
Yalta Conference
Congress of Vienna
League of Nations
Explanation - The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) established the modern system of sovereign states and non-interference in internal affairs.
Correct answer is: Treaty of Westphalia
Q.20 Which event marked the end of the Cold War?
Fall of Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War
Korean War
Explanation - The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, symbolizing the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War.
Correct answer is: Fall of Berlin Wall
Q.21 The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance of:
Western European nations
Eastern Bloc countries
Non-Aligned nations
North American nations
Explanation - The Warsaw Pact (1955) was formed by the USSR and its satellite states as a counterbalance to NATO.
Correct answer is: Eastern Bloc countries
Q.22 Which empire’s decline in the 19th century reshaped international relations in the Balkans?
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
British Empire
Austrian Empire
Explanation - The weakening of the Ottoman Empire created power vacuums and conflicts in the Balkans, influencing European diplomacy.
Correct answer is: Ottoman Empire
Q.23 The term 'Third World' originally referred to:
Underdeveloped countries during Cold War
Communist nations
Non-aligned nations
Colonial empires
Explanation - During the Cold War, 'Third World' initially referred to countries not aligned with NATO or the USSR, rather than underdeveloped status.
Correct answer is: Non-aligned nations
Q.24 The Munich Agreement of 1938 is an example of:
Collective security
Appeasement
Deterrence
Containment
Explanation - The Munich Agreement allowed Nazi Germany to annex Sudetenland, demonstrating Western powers’ policy of appeasement.
Correct answer is: Appeasement
Q.25 The Non-Aligned Movement was founded in response to:
European colonialism
Cold War bipolarity
World War II
League of Nations failure
Explanation - The Non-Aligned Movement (1961) was created by countries seeking to remain independent of USA-USSR Cold War influence.
Correct answer is: Cold War bipolarity