Q.1 What is globalization primarily characterized by?
The rise of local governance over global institutions
Increasing interdependence of countries through trade, culture, and technology
Isolation of national economies from international markets
Decline in cross-border communication
Explanation - Globalization refers to the process by which countries become interconnected economically, politically, culturally, and technologically.
Correct answer is: Increasing interdependence of countries through trade, culture, and technology
Q.2 Which organization is primarily responsible for regulating international trade?
United Nations (UN)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Explanation - The WTO provides a framework for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes between member countries.
Correct answer is: World Trade Organization (WTO)
Q.3 Which of the following is an effect of globalization on culture?
Cultural homogenization
Complete elimination of local traditions
National isolation
Reduction of technological advancements
Explanation - Globalization can lead to the spread of similar cultural practices and values across different societies, sometimes at the expense of local traditions.
Correct answer is: Cultural homogenization
Q.4 Which term describes the principle of shared decision-making among countries to manage global issues?
Nationalism
Global governance
Isolationism
Bilateralism
Explanation - Global governance refers to the collaboration of multiple countries and organizations to address issues that transcend national boundaries, such as climate change and security.
Correct answer is: Global governance
Q.5 Which of the following institutions provides financial support to countries in economic crisis?
United Nations
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organization
World Bank
Explanation - The IMF provides loans and policy advice to countries facing balance-of-payments problems or economic instability.
Correct answer is: International Monetary Fund
Q.6 Which of the following is NOT considered a driver of globalization?
Advances in transportation
Technological innovation
Trade liberalization
National protectionism
Explanation - National protectionism, which restricts trade, is a barrier to globalization rather than a driver.
Correct answer is: National protectionism
Q.7 Which agreement aimed to create a free trade area in North America?
NAFTA
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
GATT
Explanation - The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) sought to reduce trade barriers between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
Correct answer is: NAFTA
Q.8 Which global institution primarily focuses on development projects and poverty reduction?
IMF
World Bank
WTO
UN Security Council
Explanation - The World Bank provides financial and technical assistance for development projects aimed at reducing poverty and promoting sustainable growth.
Correct answer is: World Bank
Q.9 Which of the following best describes 'multilateralism'?
Decision-making by a single powerful country
Collaboration among multiple countries on global issues
Isolation of countries from global affairs
Bilateral trade agreements only
Explanation - Multilateralism emphasizes cooperation among multiple countries to solve international problems collectively.
Correct answer is: Collaboration among multiple countries on global issues
Q.10 Which of these is a criticism of globalization?
Promotion of technological innovation
Unequal distribution of wealth
Increased international cooperation
Spread of knowledge and culture
Explanation - Globalization can exacerbate inequalities as some countries or groups may benefit more than others economically and socially.
Correct answer is: Unequal distribution of wealth
Q.11 Which global treaty aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
Paris Agreement
NAFTA
GATT
Bretton Woods Agreement
Explanation - The Paris Agreement is a global accord to mitigate climate change by limiting global temperature rise and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Paris Agreement
Q.12 Which phenomenon refers to the spread of multinational corporations worldwide?
Economic nationalism
Global business expansion
Cultural isolation
Local entrepreneurship
Explanation - Multinational corporations expand across borders, integrating global markets and influencing local economies.
Correct answer is: Global business expansion
Q.13 Which institution is primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and security?
IMF
UN Security Council
WTO
World Bank
Explanation - The UN Security Council addresses conflicts, sanctions, and peacekeeping operations to maintain international peace.
Correct answer is: UN Security Council
Q.14 Which term describes the economic integration of countries through trade, investment, and capital flows?
Political globalization
Economic globalization
Cultural globalization
Technological globalization
Explanation - Economic globalization refers to the increasing integration of national economies via trade, investment, and financial flows.
Correct answer is: Economic globalization
Q.15 Which of the following best describes 'soft power' in global politics?
Use of military force to influence others
Influence through culture, values, and diplomacy
Economic sanctions and tariffs
Colonial expansion
Explanation - Soft power is the ability to shape the preferences of others through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion.
Correct answer is: Influence through culture, values, and diplomacy
Q.16 Which of the following is an example of a regional organization?
European Union (EU)
United Nations
World Trade Organization
International Monetary Fund
Explanation - The EU is a regional organization that integrates European countries economically, politically, and socially.
Correct answer is: European Union (EU)
Q.17 What is the primary goal of the Bretton Woods Conference (1944)?
To create a system of fixed exchange rates and establish the IMF and World Bank
To establish the United Nations
To promote cultural exchange
To create the European Union
Explanation - The Bretton Woods Conference aimed to ensure economic stability after World War II through financial institutions and agreements.
Correct answer is: To create a system of fixed exchange rates and establish the IMF and World Bank
Q.18 Which of the following represents a supranational organization?
United Nations
European Union
ASEAN
OPEC
Explanation - A supranational organization has authority above individual states, with member countries delegating some sovereignty to the institution.
Correct answer is: European Union
Q.19 Which of these is a consequence of economic globalization?
Reduction in international trade
Global financial interdependence
Decline in technological innovation
Isolation of economies
Explanation - Economic globalization creates interconnected financial markets, where economic shocks in one country can affect others.
Correct answer is: Global financial interdependence
Q.20 Which concept highlights the importance of international cooperation for global issues like pandemics and climate change?
Isolationism
Global governance
National sovereignty
Bilateralism
Explanation - Global governance emphasizes collaborative problem-solving across borders for issues that no single country can manage alone.
Correct answer is: Global governance
Q.21 Which is a key criticism of the IMF's structural adjustment programs?
They promote global peace
They may lead to social hardship and austerity
They always reduce poverty effectively
They strengthen local industries automatically
Explanation - IMF programs often require countries to implement austerity measures, which can negatively affect employment and social welfare.
Correct answer is: They may lead to social hardship and austerity
Q.22 Which of these is an example of a global public good?
Clean air and climate stability
Local markets
National parks
Private healthcare
Explanation - Global public goods are resources or conditions that benefit all countries, such as environmental sustainability and disease control.
Correct answer is: Clean air and climate stability
Q.23 Which policy tool is often used by countries to protect domestic industries from foreign competition?
Trade liberalization
Tariffs and quotas
Global governance
Foreign aid
Explanation - Tariffs and quotas restrict imports to shield domestic producers from foreign competition.
Correct answer is: Tariffs and quotas
Q.24 Which of these best describes the 'digital globalization' phenomenon?
Integration of digital technologies into global trade, communication, and culture
Decline in the use of the internet
Isolation of countries through digital firewalls
Exclusive local technological development
Explanation - Digital globalization refers to the worldwide interconnection of economies and societies through digital platforms and technology.
Correct answer is: Integration of digital technologies into global trade, communication, and culture
Q.25 Which of the following best describes the term 'glocalization'?
Adopting global practices without change
Adapting global ideas to fit local cultures and contexts
Complete rejection of global influences
Merging local cultures into a single global culture
Explanation - Glocalization is the adaptation of global products or ideas to meet local tastes, norms, and cultural contexts.
Correct answer is: Adapting global ideas to fit local cultures and contexts