Q.1 Which revolution is considered the starting point of modern science?
Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
French Revolution
American Revolution
Explanation - The Scientific Revolution, beginning in the 16th century, introduced systematic observation, experimentation, and the scientific method, transforming the understanding of nature.
Correct answer is: Scientific Revolution
Q.2 Who is known as the 'father of modern physics' for his laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Nikola Tesla
Explanation - Isaac Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which became fundamental to classical physics.
Correct answer is: Isaac Newton
Q.3 Which invention is most closely associated with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?
Printing Press
Steam Engine
Telephone
Spinning Jenny
Explanation - James Watt’s improvements to the steam engine in the 18th century were central to mechanization in industry, sparking the Industrial Revolution.
Correct answer is: Steam Engine
Q.4 Which political revolution led to the establishment of a republic in France?
French Revolution
American Revolution
Russian Revolution
Glorious Revolution
Explanation - The French Revolution (1789–1799) overthrew the monarchy and led to the rise of republicanism and secular political reforms.
Correct answer is: French Revolution
Q.5 Who formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system?
Copernicus
Ptolemy
Kepler
Galileo
Explanation - Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was at the center of the solar system, challenging geocentric views.
Correct answer is: Copernicus
Q.6 Which revolution is associated with mechanization of textile production?
Scientific Revolution
Industrial Revolution
French Revolution
American Revolution
Explanation - The Industrial Revolution involved mechanization of industries like textiles, leading to mass production and urbanization.
Correct answer is: Industrial Revolution
Q.7 The Enlightenment thinkers greatly influenced which political revolution?
American Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Glorious Revolution
Explanation - Enlightenment ideas about liberty, democracy, and individual rights inspired the American colonies to seek independence from Britain.
Correct answer is: American Revolution
Q.8 Who invented the first practical steam engine?
James Watt
Thomas Edison
Henry Ford
Michael Faraday
Explanation - James Watt improved the steam engine in the late 18th century, making it efficient and practical for industrial use.
Correct answer is: James Watt
Q.9 Which political ideology was promoted by Karl Marx?
Liberalism
Socialism
Capitalism
Conservatism
Explanation - Karl Marx advocated for socialism and communism, emphasizing class struggle and collective ownership of production.
Correct answer is: Socialism
Q.10 The telescope was significantly improved by which scientist during the Scientific Revolution?
Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Newton
Kepler
Explanation - Galileo improved the telescope and used it to make astronomical observations, supporting the heliocentric model.
Correct answer is: Galileo Galilei
Q.11 Which revolution marked the transition from hand production methods to machines?
Scientific Revolution
Industrial Revolution
French Revolution
American Revolution
Explanation - The Industrial Revolution saw industries shift from manual labor and artisanal methods to mechanized production systems.
Correct answer is: Industrial Revolution
Q.12 Which French political figure rose to power after the French Revolution?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Louis XVI
Robespierre
Voltaire
Explanation - Napoleon emerged as a military and political leader after the chaos of the French Revolution, eventually declaring himself emperor.
Correct answer is: Napoleon Bonaparte
Q.13 Which scientist is known for the laws of planetary motion?
Galileo
Kepler
Newton
Copernicus
Explanation - Johannes Kepler formulated the three laws of planetary motion, describing elliptical orbits and their relation to orbital speed.
Correct answer is: Kepler
Q.14 The spinning jenny contributed to the growth of which industry?
Textile
Automobile
Steel
Printing
Explanation - Invented by James Hargreaves, the spinning jenny allowed multiple threads to be spun simultaneously, revolutionizing the textile industry.
Correct answer is: Textile
Q.15 Which revolution directly led to the Declaration of Independence?
American Revolution
French Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Explanation - The American Revolution (1775–1783) resulted in the independence of the thirteen colonies and the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
Correct answer is: American Revolution
Q.16 Which chemical element did Antoine Lavoisier help to identify and name?
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Explanation - Lavoisier identified and named oxygen and hydrogen, helping establish modern chemistry principles.
Correct answer is: Oxygen
Q.17 Which revolution emphasized reason, logic, and empirical evidence?
Scientific Revolution
Industrial Revolution
American Revolution
French Revolution
Explanation - The Scientific Revolution promoted observation, experimentation, and reason as the basis for knowledge, challenging tradition and superstition.
Correct answer is: Scientific Revolution
Q.18 Which invention revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution?
Telephone
Printing Press
Telegraph
Radio
Explanation - The telegraph, developed by Samuel Morse, allowed instant long-distance communication, transforming business and society.
Correct answer is: Telegraph
Q.19 Who played a major role in the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution?
Robespierre
Napoleon
Louis XVI
Voltaire
Explanation - Maximilien Robespierre led the Committee of Public Safety and was responsible for the Reign of Terror, executing thousands of perceived enemies of the revolution.
Correct answer is: Robespierre
Q.20 Which social class was most affected by the Industrial Revolution's working conditions?
Aristocracy
Bourgeoisie
Working class
Clergy
Explanation - Industrialization led to harsh working conditions for the working class, including long hours, low wages, and unsafe environments.
Correct answer is: Working class
Q.21 Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body?
William Harvey
Andreas Vesalius
Galileo
Copernicus
Explanation - William Harvey demonstrated how blood circulates through the body, laying the foundation for modern physiology.
Correct answer is: William Harvey
Q.22 Which revolution introduced widespread use of coal and iron in factories?
Scientific Revolution
Industrial Revolution
American Revolution
French Revolution
Explanation - The Industrial Revolution relied heavily on coal and iron for powering machinery and building infrastructure, enabling mass industrialization.
Correct answer is: Industrial Revolution
Q.23 Which Enlightenment thinker wrote 'The Social Contract', influencing political revolutions?
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Explanation - Rousseau's 'The Social Contract' proposed that governments derive authority from the consent of the governed, inspiring revolutionary ideas.
Correct answer is: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Q.24 Which scientist is known for the law of universal gravitation?
Galileo
Kepler
Newton
Copernicus
Explanation - Isaac Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation, describing the attractive force between all masses in the universe.
Correct answer is: Newton
Q.25 Which political revolution led to the end of serfdom in Russia?
French Revolution
American Revolution
Russian Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Explanation - The Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the collapse of the Tsarist regime, the abolition of serfdom, and eventually major social and political reforms.
Correct answer is: Russian Revolution