Q.1 Which Greek city-state was known for its military-oriented society?
Athens
Sparta
Corinth
Delphi
Explanation - Sparta was famous for its strict military training and warrior culture, unlike Athens which focused on arts and democracy.
Correct answer is: Sparta
Q.2 Who is considered the father of history in ancient Greece?
Plato
Aristotle
Herodotus
Socrates
Explanation - Herodotus is known as the 'Father of History' because he systematically recorded historical events in his work 'Histories'.
Correct answer is: Herodotus
Q.3 What was the primary governing body of the Roman Republic?
Senate
Consul
Assembly
Tribune
Explanation - The Roman Senate was a council of elders that held significant power, advising consuls and influencing legislation.
Correct answer is: Senate
Q.4 Which Persian ruler created an empire stretching from the Indus Valley to Greece?
Cyrus the Great
Darius I
Xerxes I
Artaxerxes
Explanation - Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire and conquered territories from the Indus River to Asia Minor.
Correct answer is: Cyrus the Great
Q.5 The Parthenon in Athens was primarily dedicated to which goddess?
Athena
Hera
Aphrodite
Demeter
Explanation - The Parthenon was built on the Acropolis and dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of Athens.
Correct answer is: Athena
Q.6 Which event marked the end of the Roman Republic?
Punic Wars
Assassination of Julius Caesar
Battle of Actium
Founding of Rome
Explanation - Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE led to civil wars, ultimately ending the Roman Republic and leading to the Roman Empire.
Correct answer is: Assassination of Julius Caesar
Q.7 What was the main language used in the administration of the Achaemenid Persian Empire?
Greek
Latin
Aramaic
Persian
Explanation - Aramaic was used as a common administrative language across the diverse Persian Empire for communication and record-keeping.
Correct answer is: Aramaic
Q.8 Who was the Greek philosopher that taught Alexander the Great?
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Epicurus
Explanation - Aristotle was hired by King Philip II to tutor his son, Alexander, teaching philosophy, science, and leadership.
Correct answer is: Aristotle
Q.9 Which battle in 490 BCE saw the Athenians defeat the Persians?
Marathon
Thermopylae
Salamis
Plataea
Explanation - The Battle of Marathon was a key Greek victory during the first Persian invasion of Greece.
Correct answer is: Marathon
Q.10 Which Roman Emperor is known for legal reforms and codifying Roman law?
Augustus
Constantine
Justinian I
Nero
Explanation - Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire codified Roman law in the Corpus Juris Civilis, influencing European legal systems for centuries.
Correct answer is: Justinian I
Q.11 The Greek city-state of Athens is best known for which system of government?
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Tyranny
Explanation - Athens developed the early form of democracy where citizens participated directly in decision-making.
Correct answer is: Democracy
Q.12 Which Persian king attempted to conquer Greece but was defeated at Thermopylae and Salamis?
Cyrus the Great
Darius I
Xerxes I
Cambyses II
Explanation - Xerxes I led the second Persian invasion of Greece but faced defeat at the narrow pass of Thermopylae and the naval Battle of Salamis.
Correct answer is: Xerxes I
Q.13 Who wrote the epic poems 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey'?
Homer
Sophocles
Euripides
Herodotus
Explanation - Homer, a legendary Greek poet, is credited with the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey', central works of Greek literature.
Correct answer is: Homer
Q.14 What was the Roman forum primarily used for?
Religious ceremonies
Public speeches, commerce, and judicial activities
Gladiator games
Military training
Explanation - The Roman Forum served as the center of political, commercial, and social activity in Rome.
Correct answer is: Public speeches, commerce, and judicial activities
Q.15 Which Persian administrative innovation helped manage their vast empire?
Satrapy system
Democracy
Senate councils
City-states
Explanation - Persia was divided into provinces called satrapies, each governed by a satrap who managed local administration and taxation.
Correct answer is: Satrapy system
Q.16 Who led the conquest of Persia and Egypt in the 4th century BCE?
Hannibal
Alexander the Great
Julius Caesar
Philip II
Explanation - Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, defeated the Persian Empire and expanded his empire into Egypt and Asia.
Correct answer is: Alexander the Great
Q.17 Which Greek historian focused on the Peloponnesian War?
Thucydides
Herodotus
Plutarch
Xenophon
Explanation - Thucydides wrote a critical and factual account of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta.
Correct answer is: Thucydides
Q.18 In Roman society, which class was made up of wealthy landowners?
Plebeians
Patricians
Slaves
Equestrians
Explanation - Patricians were the aristocratic class in Rome, controlling political offices and large estates.
Correct answer is: Patricians
Q.19 Which famous Persian structure symbolized the wealth and power of the Achaemenid kings?
Persepolis
Babylon
Susa
Ecbatana
Explanation - Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, showcasing Persian architecture and royal power.
Correct answer is: Persepolis
Q.20 Which Roman general became dictator and was assassinated in 44 BCE?
Augustus
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Marc Antony
Explanation - Julius Caesar was appointed dictator but was assassinated by senators fearing he would become king.
Correct answer is: Julius Caesar
Q.21 Which battle marked the decisive defeat of the Persian navy by the Greeks in 480 BCE?
Thermopylae
Salamis
Marathon
Plataea
Explanation - The naval Battle of Salamis saw the smaller Greek fleet defeat the larger Persian navy, halting the invasion.
Correct answer is: Salamis
Q.22 What was the primary purpose of the Roman aqueducts?
Transporting troops
Carrying water to cities
Defensive fortifications
Trade routes
Explanation - Roman aqueducts were engineering marvels designed to supply cities with fresh water for public baths, fountains, and homes.
Correct answer is: Carrying water to cities
Q.23 Who was the Persian king during the famous battle of Marathon?
Darius I
Xerxes I
Cyrus the Great
Artaxerxes I
Explanation - Darius I led the first Persian invasion of Greece and was defeated by the Athenians at Marathon in 490 BCE.
Correct answer is: Darius I
Q.24 Which Greek philosopher was sentenced to death for corrupting the youth of Athens?
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Epicurus
Explanation - Socrates was tried and executed in 399 BCE for allegedly corrupting young Athenians and disrespecting the gods.
Correct answer is: Socrates