Q.1 Which event is often considered the starting point of modern nationalism in Europe?
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
The Congress of Vienna
The American Revolution
Explanation - The French Revolution (1789) promoted ideas of popular sovereignty, citizenship, and national identity, laying the foundation for modern nationalism in Europe.
Correct answer is: The French Revolution
Q.2 Who is considered the 'Father of Italian Unification'?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Mazzini
Count Camillo di Cavour
Victor Emmanuel II
Explanation - Giuseppe Mazzini was a key ideologue who inspired the unification movement through his writings and activism promoting Italian nationalism.
Correct answer is: Giuseppe Mazzini
Q.3 Which of the following was a primary cause of German unification in the 19th century?
Religious reforms
Economic nationalism and Zollverein
Colonial expansion
Renaissance ideas
Explanation - The Zollverein (customs union) fostered economic integration among German states, paving the way for political unification under Prussian leadership.
Correct answer is: Economic nationalism and Zollverein
Q.4 The concept of 'nation-state' implies:
A state with a single ethnicity and culture
A monarchy without parliament
A collection of multiple states under one empire
A federation of independent kingdoms
Explanation - A nation-state is defined as a political entity where the boundaries of the nation (shared identity, language, culture) coincide with the boundaries of the state.
Correct answer is: A state with a single ethnicity and culture
Q.5 Which movement in India was influenced by European nationalism in the 19th century?
Swadeshi Movement
Indian National Congress
Non-Cooperation Movement
Quit India Movement
Explanation - The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 was influenced by the rise of nationalist ideas in Europe, promoting self-rule and national identity.
Correct answer is: Indian National Congress
Q.6 What was the main goal of the Young Italy movement?
Italian cultural revival
Political unification of Italy
Colonization of Africa
Promotion of trade with France
Explanation - Founded by Giuseppe Mazzini, Young Italy aimed to create a united Italian republic through political activism and revolutionary movements.
Correct answer is: Political unification of Italy
Q.7 Which treaty recognized the independence of Belgium in 1830?
Treaty of Paris 1815
Treaty of London 1839
Treaty of Versailles 1871
Treaty of Frankfurt 1866
Explanation - The Treaty of London formally recognized Belgium as an independent and neutral nation following its revolt against Dutch rule.
Correct answer is: Treaty of London 1839
Q.8 What was the primary ideology behind Pan-Slavism?
Unifying Slavic peoples under Russian leadership
Promoting democracy in Europe
Colonial expansion in Africa
Industrial development in Eastern Europe
Explanation - Pan-Slavism sought the political and cultural unity of all Slavic peoples, often promoted by Russia as a leader of Slavic nationalism.
Correct answer is: Unifying Slavic peoples under Russian leadership
Q.9 Which German leader played the key role in unifying Germany through 'Blood and Iron'?
Otto von Bismarck
Wilhelm II
Friedrich Nietzsche
Karl Marx
Explanation - Bismarck used military force ('Blood') and industrial power ('Iron') to achieve German unification under Prussian dominance in the 19th century.
Correct answer is: Otto von Bismarck
Q.10 Which European revolution of 1848 was partly driven by nationalist aspirations?
French Revolution
Italian and German Revolutions
Russian Revolution
English Civil War
Explanation - The Revolutions of 1848 across Europe, especially in Italy and Germany, were driven by desires for national unification and independence.
Correct answer is: Italian and German Revolutions
Q.11 Which of the following is an example of civic nationalism?
French Revolution
Italian Unification
German Unification
Indian Independence Movement
Explanation - Civic nationalism emphasizes shared citizenship and political rights rather than ethnicity; the French Revolution promoted these ideas.
Correct answer is: French Revolution
Q.12 What was the significance of the Crimean War (1853-1856) in the context of nationalism?
It weakened Ottoman control over Slavic regions
It promoted European colonialism in Africa
It caused the unification of Italy
It strengthened Russian domination in Europe
Explanation - The war undermined Ottoman influence in the Balkans, allowing nationalist movements among Slavic peoples to gain momentum.
Correct answer is: It weakened Ottoman control over Slavic regions
Q.13 Which thinker emphasized that a nation is defined by shared language, culture, and history?
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Karl Marx
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Otto von Bismarck
Explanation - Fichte, a German philosopher, argued that national identity emerges from common language, culture, and history.
Correct answer is: Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Q.14 Which movement sought the unification of Hungary under national rule in the 19th century?
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Polish Uprising of 1830
Italian Risorgimento
Serbian National Movement
Explanation - The Hungarian Revolution aimed to achieve national autonomy from the Austrian Empire, reflecting nationalist aspirations.
Correct answer is: Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Q.15 The term 'Risorgimento' is associated with:
Italian unification
French nationalism
German nationalism
Greek independence movement
Explanation - 'Risorgimento' literally means 'resurgence' and refers to the 19th-century movement to unify Italy into a single nation.
Correct answer is: Italian unification
Q.16 Which of the following countries achieved unification last in the 19th century?
Italy
Germany
France
Belgium
Explanation - Germany was unified in 1871 under Prussian leadership, after Italy had achieved unification in the 1860s.
Correct answer is: Germany
Q.17 Which empire's decline facilitated the rise of nationalist movements in the Balkans?
Ottoman Empire
Russian Empire
British Empire
Austrian Empire
Explanation - The weakening of Ottoman control in southeastern Europe during the 19th century allowed ethnic groups like Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians to pursue nationalist goals.
Correct answer is: Ottoman Empire
Q.18 Which factor was NOT a major cause of nationalism in 19th-century Europe?
Shared language
Industrialization
Common religion
Colonial trade
Explanation - Nationalism primarily arose from shared language, culture, and historical experiences, rather than trade or colonial ventures.
Correct answer is: Colonial trade
Q.19 Which leader is known for leading the 'Expedition of the Thousand' in Italy?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Mazzini
Count Cavour
Victor Emmanuel II
Explanation - Garibaldi led a volunteer force called the 'Red Shirts' in the conquest of southern Italy, contributing significantly to Italian unification.
Correct answer is: Giuseppe Garibaldi
Q.20 Which ideology opposed the nationalist movements in multi-ethnic empires like Austria-Hungary?
Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
Pan-Slavism
Explanation - Conservative monarchies sought to maintain imperial control and suppress nationalist uprisings to preserve traditional hierarchies.
Correct answer is: Conservatism
Q.21 Which country’s unification inspired nationalist movements in Latin America?
Italy
Germany
France
Spain
Explanation - The success of Italy's unification inspired Latin American leaders and intellectuals to pursue national independence and identity.
Correct answer is: Italy
Q.22 Which war directly led to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871?
Franco-Prussian War
Austro-Prussian War
Napoleonic Wars
Crimean War
Explanation - The German victory in the Franco-Prussian War allowed Prussia to unify German states under Kaiser Wilhelm I, creating the German Empire.
Correct answer is: Franco-Prussian War
Q.23 The term 'self-determination' in nationalism refers to:
The right of a nation to govern itself
Colonial conquest of territories
Economic independence
Religious reform
Explanation - Self-determination is the principle that nations have the right to choose their own government and political status.
Correct answer is: The right of a nation to govern itself
Q.24 Which cultural movement often accompanied nationalism in the 19th century?
Romanticism
Realism
Impressionism
Surrealism
Explanation - Romanticism emphasized folklore, history, and national culture, fostering a sense of shared identity important to nationalist movements.
Correct answer is: Romanticism