Q.1 Who was the first caliph after the death of Prophet Muhammad?
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Explanation - Abu Bakr was elected as the first caliph in 632 CE after the death of Prophet Muhammad, marking the beginning of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Correct answer is: Abu Bakr
Q.2 Which caliph is known for significantly expanding the Islamic empire into Egypt and Persia?
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph, led the Islamic conquests that extended the empire into Egypt, Persia, and parts of the Byzantine Empire.
Correct answer is: Umar ibn al-Khattab
Q.3 During whose caliphate did the compilation of the Quran into a single book occur?
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Abu Bakr
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph, standardized the Quran and distributed copies across the Islamic empire to ensure uniformity.
Correct answer is: Uthman ibn Affan
Q.4 Which battle marked the defeat of the Sassanian Empire by the Muslims?
Battle of Yarmouk
Battle of Qadisiyyah
Battle of Badr
Battle of Uhud
Explanation - The Battle of Qadisiyyah (636 CE) was a decisive battle where the Muslim forces defeated the Sassanian army, leading to the conquest of Persia.
Correct answer is: Battle of Qadisiyyah
Q.5 The Rashidun Caliphate lasted for approximately how many years?
10 years
30 years
50 years
100 years
Explanation - The Rashidun Caliphate lasted from 632 CE to 661 CE, covering a period of around 29–30 years.
Correct answer is: 30 years
Q.6 Which caliph is known for establishing an efficient administrative system and a treasury (Bayt al-Mal)?
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Umar ibn al-Khattab introduced reforms including administrative divisions, a state treasury (Bayt al-Mal), and a judicial system.
Correct answer is: Umar ibn al-Khattab
Q.7 The Battle of Yarmouk (636 CE) was fought against which empire?
Sassanian Empire
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire
Mongol Empire
Explanation - The Battle of Yarmouk was fought between the Muslim forces and the Byzantine Empire, leading to the Muslim control of Syria.
Correct answer is: Byzantine Empire
Q.8 Which caliph faced internal dissent leading to the First Fitna (civil war)?
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Abu Bakr
Explanation - Ali ibn Abi Talib's caliphate (656–661 CE) was marked by internal conflicts including the First Fitna, which was a civil war among Muslims.
Correct answer is: Ali ibn Abi Talib
Q.9 Which dynasty succeeded the Rashidun Caliphate?
Umayyad Dynasty
Abbasid Dynasty
Ottoman Dynasty
Fatimid Dynasty
Explanation - After the assassination of Ali, the Umayyad Dynasty was established in 661 CE with its capital in Damascus.
Correct answer is: Umayyad Dynasty
Q.10 The Islamic expansion reached which part of North Africa during the Rashidun period?
Egypt
Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Explanation - Muslim forces under Amr ibn al-As conquered Egypt in 641 CE during the Rashidun Caliphate.
Correct answer is: Egypt
Q.11 Which caliph is remembered for his policy of consultation (Shura) in governance?
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Abu Bakr emphasized consultation (Shura) in decision-making, especially while choosing leaders and military commanders.
Correct answer is: Abu Bakr
Q.12 The city of Kufa was established as a capital during whose caliphate?
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Uthman ibn Affan
Explanation - Ali ibn Abi Talib established Kufa in Iraq as his capital during his caliphate, which became an important political center.
Correct answer is: Ali ibn Abi Talib
Q.13 Which of the following was NOT a major factor in the rapid expansion of the Islamic empire?
Religious zeal
Weak neighboring empires
Strong navy
Effective leadership
Explanation - While religion, weak neighboring states, and capable leadership aided expansion, the early Islamic empire did not have a strong navy initially.
Correct answer is: Strong navy
Q.14 Who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt?
Khalid ibn al-Walid
Amr ibn al-As
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
Talha ibn Ubaydullah
Explanation - Amr ibn al-As commanded the Muslim forces that captured Egypt from the Byzantine Empire in 641 CE.
Correct answer is: Amr ibn al-As
Q.15 Which caliph was assassinated, leading to the end of the Rashidun Caliphate?
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Abu Bakr
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Ali ibn Abi Talib was assassinated in 661 CE by a Kharijite, marking the end of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Correct answer is: Ali ibn Abi Talib
Q.16 The term 'Rashidun' refers to:
Rightly Guided Caliphs
Umayyad Caliphs
Abbasid Caliphs
Ottoman Sultans
Explanation - The first four caliphs—Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali—are known as the Rashidun, meaning 'Rightly Guided'.
Correct answer is: Rightly Guided Caliphs
Q.17 Which battle marked the beginning of the Muslim conquest of the Levant?
Battle of Yarmouk
Battle of Badr
Battle of Uhud
Battle of Qadisiyyah
Explanation - The Battle of Yarmouk (636 CE) against the Byzantines led to Muslim control over the Levant region.
Correct answer is: Battle of Yarmouk
Q.18 Which of these regions was NOT part of the early Islamic conquests under the Rashidun Caliphs?
Persia
Egypt
Spain
Syria
Explanation - Spain was conquered later by the Umayyads, not during the Rashidun Caliphate.
Correct answer is: Spain
Q.19 Who was known as 'Sword of Allah' and led important battles during the early Islamic expansion?
Khalid ibn al-Walid
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
Amr ibn al-As
Abdullah ibn Umar
Explanation - Khalid ibn al-Walid earned the title 'Sword of Allah' due to his military prowess in battles like Yarmouk and Qadisiyyah.
Correct answer is: Khalid ibn al-Walid
Q.20 Which caliph is associated with the policy of justice and welfare for the poor?
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Umar ibn al-Khattab was known for social reforms, welfare for the poor, and strict justice throughout his empire.
Correct answer is: Umar ibn al-Khattab
Q.21 Which city served as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?
Medina
Kufa
Damascus
Baghdad
Explanation - The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE) established its capital in Damascus, Syria.
Correct answer is: Damascus
Q.22 Which group opposed Ali ibn Abi Talib leading to internal conflict?
Kharijites
Umayyads
Abbasids
Fatimids
Explanation - The Kharijites opposed Ali's decisions in battle and eventually became a major factor in the First Fitna.
Correct answer is: Kharijites
Q.23 The administrative division of conquered territories into provinces was implemented under which caliph?
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Umar ibn al-Khattab divided the empire into provinces (wilayat) with governors to manage administration effectively.
Correct answer is: Umar ibn al-Khattab
Q.24 Which caliph introduced a pension system for the elderly and disabled?
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Explanation - Umar ibn al-Khattab implemented pensions and welfare policies for those unable to work, pioneering social security in the empire.
Correct answer is: Umar ibn al-Khattab