Q.1 Which of the following landforms is created primarily by river erosion?
Plateau
Valley
Mountain
Desert
Explanation - Valleys are elongated depressions in the land surface formed mainly by river erosion over time.
Correct answer is: Valley
Q.2 What type of landform is formed when a glacier retreats and deposits debris?
Delta
Moraine
Dune
Canyon
Explanation - Moraines are accumulations of soil and rock debris deposited by glaciers, forming ridges or mounds.
Correct answer is: Moraine
Q.3 Which of the following is an example of a volcanic landform?
Mesa
Volcano
Canyon
Plain
Explanation - Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected, creating volcanic landforms.
Correct answer is: Volcano
Q.4 The Great Rift Valley in Africa is an example of a landform created by:
Tectonic activity
Wind erosion
Glacial deposition
River deposition
Explanation - The Great Rift Valley was formed due to the movement of tectonic plates that caused the land to sink along faults.
Correct answer is: Tectonic activity
Q.5 Which landform is characterized by steep slopes and a flat top?
Butte
Plateau
Mesa
Hill
Explanation - A mesa is an elevated landform with steep sides and a flat top, typically formed by erosion of surrounding land.
Correct answer is: Mesa
Q.6 Sand dunes are primarily formed by:
Wind
Water
Glaciers
Tectonic activity
Explanation - Sand dunes are mounds of sand deposited by wind in deserts or along beaches, shaped by aeolian processes.
Correct answer is: Wind
Q.7 A delta is formed at the mouth of a river due to:
Sediment deposition
Tectonic uplift
Volcanic activity
Glacial melting
Explanation - Deltas form when rivers deposit sediments faster than the sea or lake can remove them, creating a triangular landform.
Correct answer is: Sediment deposition
Q.8 Which landform is formed when a river cuts through soft rock leaving harder rock standing?
Valley
Butte
Plateau
Mesa
Explanation - Buttes are isolated hills with steep sides and a flat top, formed by differential erosion where softer rock erodes faster than harder rock.
Correct answer is: Butte
Q.9 What type of landform is the Himalaya?
Fold mountain
Volcanic mountain
Plateau
Delta
Explanation - The Himalayas are fold mountains formed due to the collision and compression of tectonic plates.
Correct answer is: Fold mountain
Q.10 Which of the following is a karst landform?
Cave
Mesa
Dune
Glacial moraine
Explanation - Caves are karst features formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, creating underground chambers.
Correct answer is: Cave
Q.11 Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of canyons?
River erosion
Glacial deposition
Wind erosion
Volcanic activity
Explanation - Canyons are deep, narrow valleys with steep sides formed by long-term river erosion.
Correct answer is: River erosion
Q.12 Which type of plain is formed by river deposition?
Alluvial plain
Coastal plain
Lava plain
Glacial plain
Explanation - Alluvial plains are fertile flatlands created by the deposition of sediments from rivers over time.
Correct answer is: Alluvial plain
Q.13 Which of the following landforms is formed by glacial erosion?
U-shaped valley
V-shaped valley
Desert plateau
Sand dune
Explanation - Glacial valleys are typically U-shaped, as glaciers carve broad, rounded valleys during their movement.
Correct answer is: U-shaped valley
Q.14 A mesa differs from a plateau in that it is:
Smaller in area
Steeper at the base
Volcanic
Glacial
Explanation - Mesas are smaller flat-topped elevations with steep sides, whereas plateaus are larger elevated areas.
Correct answer is: Smaller in area
Q.15 Which of the following landforms results from tectonic uplift?
Mountain range
Delta
Sand dune
Glacial moraine
Explanation - Mountain ranges are often formed by tectonic uplift when crustal plates collide and push the land upwards.
Correct answer is: Mountain range
Q.16 Which is the largest desert landform in the world?
Sahara
Gobi
Thar
Kalahari
Explanation - The Sahara Desert in Africa is the largest hot desert in the world, covering over 9 million square kilometers.
Correct answer is: Sahara
Q.17 Which of the following is NOT a coastal landform?
Beach
Lagoon
Delta
Mesa
Explanation - Mesas are inland landforms with flat tops and steep sides, not associated with coastal processes.
Correct answer is: Mesa
Q.18 Which landform is formed when waves erode cliffs leaving isolated pillars?
Sea stack
Coral reef
Delta
Mesa
Explanation - Sea stacks are vertical rock formations left isolated in the sea after coastal erosion removes surrounding softer rock.
Correct answer is: Sea stack
Q.19 Which of these is an erosional landform caused by wind?
Mesa
Butte
Ventifact
Delta
Explanation - Ventifacts are rocks shaped and polished by wind-driven sand, common in deserts.
Correct answer is: Ventifact
Q.20 Which type of mountain is formed from molten lava?
Volcanic
Fold
Block
Residual
Explanation - Volcanic mountains form from the accumulation of lava, ash, and other volcanic materials.
Correct answer is: Volcanic
Q.21 Which feature is common in karst topography?
Sinkhole
Plateau
Delta
Mesa
Explanation - Sinkholes form when the roof of an underground cavity collapses, typical in areas with limestone or soluble rock.
Correct answer is: Sinkhole
Q.22 The process of erosion by ice is called:
Glacial erosion
Aeolian erosion
Fluvial erosion
Coastal erosion
Explanation - Glacial erosion occurs when moving glaciers scrape and carve the underlying rock, creating distinct landforms.
Correct answer is: Glacial erosion
Q.23 Which landform is a result of river deposition at the confluence of a river and sea?
Delta
Moraine
Mesa
U-shaped valley
Explanation - Deltas form where rivers deposit sediments faster than tides can remove them, often at river mouths.
Correct answer is: Delta
Q.24 Which landform is a remnant of a plateau after erosion has removed surrounding softer rock?
Mesa
Butte
Hill
Dune
Explanation - Buttes are isolated hills formed when erosion removes the surrounding softer rock, leaving a flat-topped feature.
Correct answer is: Butte