Q.1 Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Explanation - The ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation, is located in the stratosphere.
Correct answer is: Stratosphere
Q.2 What is the primary factor that determines the climate of a region?
Soil type
Latitude
Vegetation
Population
Explanation - Latitude determines the angle and intensity of sunlight a region receives, which is the main factor affecting climate.
Correct answer is: Latitude
Q.3 Which type of climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters?
Tropical
Mediterranean
Continental
Polar
Explanation - Mediterranean climates have dry summers and wet winters, typical of regions like Southern Europe and California.
Correct answer is: Mediterranean
Q.4 What causes the Coriolis effect in Earth's atmosphere?
Earth’s rotation
Sun’s heat
Gravity
Ocean currents
Explanation - The Coriolis effect arises because of Earth’s rotation, causing moving air and water to deflect to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
Correct answer is: Earth’s rotation
Q.5 Which wind system is responsible for bringing monsoon rains to South Asia?
Westerlies
Trade winds
Polar easterlies
Jet streams
Explanation - The summer monsoon is driven by southwest trade winds that blow from the Indian Ocean towards South Asia, bringing heavy rainfall.
Correct answer is: Trade winds
Q.6 What is the term for a prolonged period of unusually low rainfall?
Flood
Drought
Cyclone
Monsoon
Explanation - A drought is an extended period of deficient rainfall leading to water shortages.
Correct answer is: Drought
Q.7 Which climate classification system is widely used in climatology?
Koppen
Thornthwaite
Holdridge
Trewartha
Explanation - The Koppen climate classification is widely used to categorize the world’s climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns.
Correct answer is: Koppen
Q.8 Which type of rainfall occurs when warm, moist air rises over a mountain range?
Convectional
Orographic
Cyclonic
Frontal
Explanation - Orographic rainfall occurs when air is forced to rise over mountains, cooling and condensing to produce precipitation.
Correct answer is: Orographic
Q.9 Which global wind belt is located between 30° and 60° latitude?
Trade winds
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Doldrums
Explanation - The westerlies blow from the west to the east in the mid-latitudes, between 30° and 60° latitude.
Correct answer is: Westerlies
Q.10 What is the average weather condition of a place over a long period called?
Weather
Climate
Atmosphere
Meteorology
Explanation - Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation in a region.
Correct answer is: Climate
Q.11 Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing climate?
Altitude
Latitude
Soil type
Ocean currents
Explanation - Climate is influenced by latitude, altitude, ocean currents, and other atmospheric factors, but soil type does not directly affect climate.
Correct answer is: Soil type
Q.12 Which type of climate is found near the equator with high temperatures and heavy rainfall year-round?
Tropical rainforest
Desert
Tundra
Mediterranean
Explanation - Tropical rainforest climates are hot and humid with consistent rainfall throughout the year, typical of regions like the Amazon and Congo basins.
Correct answer is: Tropical rainforest
Q.13 Which phenomenon causes periodic warming of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean?
La Niña
El Niño
Monsoon
Jet stream
Explanation - El Niño is a climatic event marked by warming of the central and eastern Pacific, affecting global weather patterns.
Correct answer is: El Niño
Q.14 What is the primary difference between weather and climate?
Weather is short-term; climate is long-term
Weather is only temperature; climate is only rainfall
Weather occurs at night; climate occurs during day
Weather affects oceans; climate affects land
Explanation - Weather represents short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the average of weather over a longer period, usually 30 years or more.
Correct answer is: Weather is short-term; climate is long-term
Q.15 Which climatic zone experiences extreme cold with ice and snow covering most of the year?
Polar
Temperate
Tropical
Arid
Explanation - Polar climates are characterized by extremely low temperatures and ice-covered landscapes, such as Antarctica and the Arctic.
Correct answer is: Polar
Q.16 Which air mass is responsible for bringing cold, dry air from the poles?
Maritime tropical
Continental polar
Maritime polar
Continental tropical
Explanation - Continental polar air masses form over cold land areas near the poles, carrying cold, dry air into lower latitudes.
Correct answer is: Continental polar
Q.17 What type of rainfall is caused by heating of the Earth's surface, leading to rising air?
Convectional
Orographic
Cyclonic
Frontal
Explanation - Convectional rainfall occurs when the sun heats the Earth's surface, causing air to rise, cool, and condense into rain.
Correct answer is: Convectional
Q.18 Which atmospheric phenomenon results in alternating periods of wet and dry seasons in tropical regions?
Monsoon
Drought
Hurricane
Tornado
Explanation - Monsoons are seasonal winds that bring wet and dry periods, especially in South and Southeast Asia.
Correct answer is: Monsoon
Q.19 Which of the following is a cold ocean current?
Gulf Stream
California Current
Kuroshio Current
Brazil Current
Explanation - The California Current is a cold ocean current that flows southward along the western coast of North America.
Correct answer is: California Current
Q.20 Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth’s surface?
Mesosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Explanation - The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather phenomena occur.
Correct answer is: Troposphere
Q.21 Which climatic region is characterized by less than 250 mm of annual rainfall?
Desert
Tundra
Temperate
Rainforest
Explanation - Desert climates receive very little rainfall, typically less than 250 mm annually, and are often arid.
Correct answer is: Desert
Q.22 Which of the following factors influences ocean currents and thereby affects climate?
Moon phases
Wind patterns
Earthquakes
Solar eclipses
Explanation - Wind patterns drive surface ocean currents, which in turn influence regional climates.
Correct answer is: Wind patterns
Q.23 Which phenomenon is characterized by an unusual cooling of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean?
El Niño
La Niña
Monsoon
Hurricane
Explanation - La Niña is a climatic event marked by cooling of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, often causing extreme weather in various regions.
Correct answer is: La Niña
Q.24 Which is the primary cause of seasonal changes on Earth?
Earth’s rotation
Earth’s revolution and axial tilt
Ocean currents
Atmospheric pressure
Explanation - Seasonal changes occur because of Earth's tilt on its axis and its revolution around the Sun, affecting sunlight intensity at different latitudes.
Correct answer is: Earth’s revolution and axial tilt
Q.25 What is the term for winds that blow from land to sea during the winter in India?
Summer monsoon
Winter monsoon
Trade winds
Westerlies
Explanation - During winter, cooler air blows from land to the warmer sea in India, bringing dry weather, which is called the winter monsoon.
Correct answer is: Winter monsoon