Q.1 Which of the following best describes 'urban sprawl'?
The growth of cities outward into rural areas
The increase in population density within city centers
The decline of industrial areas in cities
The development of high-rise buildings in downtown areas
Explanation - Urban sprawl refers to the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land, often characterized by low-density residential and commercial development.
Correct answer is: The growth of cities outward into rural areas
Q.2 Which model of urban structure divides a city into a central business district surrounded by concentric zones?
Sector Model
Concentric Zone Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Urban Realms Model
Explanation - The Concentric Zone Model, proposed by Ernest Burgess, explains urban social structures with a central business district surrounded by concentric rings of residential and industrial zones.
Correct answer is: Concentric Zone Model
Q.3 Gentrification in urban areas typically results in:
Increased poverty in city centers
Influx of wealthier residents and rising property prices
Decline in cultural diversity
Relocation of industries to suburbs
Explanation - Gentrification occurs when higher-income groups move into lower-income neighborhoods, leading to property value increases and often displacing existing residents.
Correct answer is: Influx of wealthier residents and rising property prices
Q.4 Which factor is most commonly associated with the location of a central business district (CBD)?
Proximity to rivers and ports
Low land values
Low population density
Abundance of green spaces
Explanation - CBDs are typically located in areas that maximize accessibility, often near rivers, ports, or major transport hubs, facilitating commerce and trade.
Correct answer is: Proximity to rivers and ports
Q.5 Which urban model emphasizes sectors of development radiating outward from the CBD along transport routes?
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Peripheral Model
Explanation - The Sector Model, developed by Homer Hoyt, explains urban growth in wedge-shaped sectors extending outward from the city center along transportation corridors.
Correct answer is: Sector Model
Q.6 Suburbanization is best described as:
The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas
The process of increasing industrial areas in city centers
The growth of residential areas on the outskirts of cities
The relocation of commercial businesses to the city center
Explanation - Suburbanization is the expansion of residential areas at the outskirts of cities, often characterized by lower-density housing and dependence on automobiles.
Correct answer is: The growth of residential areas on the outskirts of cities
Q.7 Which of the following is an example of a 'mega city'?
Paris
New York City
Tokyo
Stockholm
Explanation - A mega city is defined as a city with a population exceeding 10 million. Tokyo is one of the largest mega cities in the world.
Correct answer is: Tokyo
Q.8 Which term describes a city where multiple centers or 'nodes' of activity develop?
Concentric city
Multiple Nuclei city
Urban corridor
Peripheral city
Explanation - The Multiple Nuclei Model, proposed by Harris and Ullman, explains that cities can develop multiple centers (nodes) like industrial parks, shopping areas, and residential zones rather than a single CBD.
Correct answer is: Multiple Nuclei city
Q.9 Which of these is a common environmental issue associated with urban areas?
Desertification
Urban heat islands
Earthquake zones
Tundra melting
Explanation - Urban heat islands occur when city areas become significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas due to human activities, dense infrastructure, and lack of vegetation.
Correct answer is: Urban heat islands
Q.10 What is the main purpose of zoning in urban planning?
To increase population density
To separate different land uses
To promote gentrification
To reduce urban sprawl
Explanation - Zoning is a planning tool used to designate specific land for residential, commercial, industrial, or recreational purposes to organize urban development efficiently.
Correct answer is: To separate different land uses
Q.11 Which city planning concept is associated with 'garden cities'?
High-density urbanization
Integration of green spaces within urban areas
Gentrification of inner-city areas
Urban sprawl along highways
Explanation - The garden city concept, proposed by Ebenezer Howard, focuses on creating self-contained communities surrounded by green belts, combining urban and natural environments.
Correct answer is: Integration of green spaces within urban areas
Q.12 Which term refers to the social and economic differentiation within urban areas?
Urbanization
Socio-spatial segregation
Suburbanization
Gentrification
Explanation - Socio-spatial segregation describes the division of urban areas into neighborhoods based on socio-economic status, ethnicity, or occupation.
Correct answer is: Socio-spatial segregation
Q.13 Edge cities are characterized by:
Being located at the city center
High-density residential areas without businesses
Clusters of commercial and business activity on urban outskirts
Industrial zones along rivers
Explanation - Edge cities are suburban centers with significant commercial, business, and retail activity, usually located on the outskirts of major cities.
Correct answer is: Clusters of commercial and business activity on urban outskirts
Q.14 Which of the following is a challenge unique to rapidly growing cities in developing countries?
Urban heat islands
Informal settlements or slums
Traffic congestion in rural areas
Declining population density
Explanation - Rapid urban growth in developing countries often leads to informal settlements, where people live without legal tenure, basic services, or proper infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Informal settlements or slums
Q.15 Which urban model emphasizes that a city can develop multiple specialized areas influenced by accessibility?
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Peripheral Model
Explanation - The Multiple Nuclei Model suggests that cities do not grow around a single center but develop multiple specialized nodes influenced by land use, accessibility, and social factors.
Correct answer is: Multiple Nuclei Model
Q.16 Which of the following is an example of urban regeneration?
Conversion of old warehouses into apartments
Construction of new highways outside the city
Relocation of industrial plants to suburbs
Expansion of agricultural land near the city
Explanation - Urban regeneration involves revitalizing declining urban areas, often through redevelopment, repurposing old buildings, and improving infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Conversion of old warehouses into apartments
Q.17 Which factor is most closely linked to suburban growth in the 20th century?
Industrial decline in cities
Increased automobile ownership
Expansion of rail networks
Reduction in housing demand
Explanation - The widespread ownership of cars enabled people to live farther from city centers, fueling suburban growth and commuting patterns.
Correct answer is: Increased automobile ownership
Q.18 Which term refers to the cultural and economic blending of urban neighborhoods?
Urban sprawl
Gentrification
Urban assimilation
Socio-spatial segregation
Explanation - Urban assimilation occurs when diverse urban populations and cultures blend, leading to shared cultural, social, and economic spaces.
Correct answer is: Urban assimilation
Q.19 Which of the following is a primary reason for the decline of inner-city areas in some cities?
High population growth
Suburbanization and out-migration
Construction of skyscrapers
Increase in public transportation
Explanation - As people and businesses move to suburban areas, inner-city regions may experience economic decline, reduced population, and underutilized infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Suburbanization and out-migration
Q.20 The term 'counter-urbanization' refers to:
Migration from cities to smaller towns or rural areas
Expansion of cities into surrounding rural areas
Growth of suburban areas
Gentrification of urban neighborhoods
Explanation - Counter-urbanization describes the demographic and social process where people move away from large urban centers to smaller towns or rural regions, often for quality-of-life reasons.
Correct answer is: Migration from cities to smaller towns or rural areas
Q.21 Which of the following cities is considered an example of a 'primate city'?
London
Bangkok
Tokyo
Chicago
Explanation - A primate city is a country's largest city that is disproportionately larger than the next largest cities. Bangkok dominates Thailand in population, economy, and politics.
Correct answer is: Bangkok
Q.22 Urban morphology studies:
The physical form and structure of cities
Population growth in urban areas
Economic activity in rural areas
Transportation systems in suburbs
Explanation - Urban morphology examines the layout, design, and physical structure of urban spaces, including streets, buildings, and land use patterns.
Correct answer is: The physical form and structure of cities
Q.23 Which of the following best describes the concept of 'smart cities'?
Cities designed exclusively for high-income residents
Urban areas that use technology and data to improve efficiency and quality of life
Cities that have abolished public transportation
Urban centers with very high population density only
Explanation - Smart cities leverage digital technology, IoT, and data analysis to optimize urban services, reduce waste, and improve living conditions.
Correct answer is: Urban areas that use technology and data to improve efficiency and quality of life
Q.24 Which of these urban issues is most directly caused by overpopulation?
Urban heat islands
Traffic congestion and housing shortages
Gentrification
Suburbanization
Explanation - High urban population density often leads to overcrowding, housing shortages, increased traffic, and strain on public services.
Correct answer is: Traffic congestion and housing shortages
Q.25 Which urban theory emphasizes the role of social and economic interactions in shaping the city?
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Central Place Theory
Explanation - The Multiple Nuclei Model emphasizes that different areas of a city develop around various specialized nodes, shaped by social, economic, and functional interactions.
Correct answer is: Multiple Nuclei Model