Q.1 What is the primary difference between rural and urban settlements?
Rural settlements have larger populations than urban settlements
Urban settlements are sparsely populated
Urban settlements have higher population density and more infrastructure
Rural settlements have more industries
Explanation - Urban settlements are characterized by high population density, developed infrastructure, and concentration of services, unlike rural settlements which are sparsely populated and primarily agricultural.
Correct answer is: Urban settlements have higher population density and more infrastructure
Q.2 Which type of rural settlement is characterized by houses built along a road or river?
Clustered settlement
Linear settlement
Dispersed settlement
Grid settlement
Explanation - Linear settlements develop along transport routes such as roads, rivers, or valleys, facilitating access to resources and communication.
Correct answer is: Linear settlement
Q.3 Which of the following is a characteristic of a nucleated settlement?
Buildings are scattered with large spaces between them
Houses are concentrated around a central point
Houses follow a linear pattern along roads
Settlement is temporary and seasonal
Explanation - Nucleated settlements are tightly clustered around a central feature such as a market, religious building, or water source.
Correct answer is: Houses are concentrated around a central point
Q.4 Which type of settlement is usually associated with pastoral nomads?
Permanent urban settlement
Dispersed rural settlement
Temporary or mobile settlement
Linear settlement
Explanation - Pastoral nomads move with their livestock seasonally, resulting in temporary settlements that are not fixed.
Correct answer is: Temporary or mobile settlement
Q.5 What is the main factor influencing the site of early human settlements?
Proximity to a university
Availability of natural resources
High-tech infrastructure
Political borders
Explanation - Early human settlements depended on water, fertile land, and other natural resources for survival.
Correct answer is: Availability of natural resources
Q.6 Which settlement pattern is most common in hilly and mountainous areas?
Clustered settlement
Dispersed settlement
Linear settlement
Grid settlement
Explanation - In hilly areas, farms and houses are widely spaced due to terrain constraints, leading to dispersed settlements.
Correct answer is: Dispersed settlement
Q.7 Which term describes the functional relationship between cities and surrounding rural areas?
Urban sprawl
Rural-urban continuum
Central place theory
Metropolitan governance
Explanation - The rural-urban continuum concept shows a gradual transition from purely rural to urban characteristics.
Correct answer is: Rural-urban continuum
Q.8 Which of the following best defines 'urbanization'?
The process of people moving from cities to villages
The growth of population in rural areas
The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas
The destruction of cities for agriculture
Explanation - Urbanization refers to the shift of population from rural to urban areas, often accompanied by infrastructure and economic development.
Correct answer is: The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas
Q.9 Which type of urban settlement is organized based on the city’s function, such as commercial or industrial zones?
Sector model
Nucleated model
Linear model
Dispersed model
Explanation - The sector model describes urban areas with zones of activities (residential, industrial, commercial) extending from the center in sectors.
Correct answer is: Sector model
Q.10 What is the primary cause of suburbanization?
Overcrowding in city centers
Lack of natural resources
Climate change
Migration to rural areas
Explanation - Suburbanization occurs when people move to suburbs seeking more space, lower costs, and better living conditions outside crowded city centers.
Correct answer is: Overcrowding in city centers
Q.11 Which type of rural settlement pattern is formed when houses are irregularly spaced without a definite plan?
Clustered
Dispersed
Linear
Grid
Explanation - Dispersed settlements have houses spread out over large areas, common in agricultural regions where each household occupies its own land plot.
Correct answer is: Dispersed
Q.12 Which concept explains the distribution of cities based on the provision of goods and services?
Urban hierarchy
Central place theory
Rural exodus
Suburbanization
Explanation - Central place theory explains how settlements are distributed spatially based on the provision of goods and services, with larger settlements offering higher-order services.
Correct answer is: Central place theory
Q.13 Which settlement type is generally found in flood plains?
Linear
Dispersed
Clustered
Grid
Explanation - Linear settlements are often found along rivers in flood plains to maximize access to water and minimize flood risk by building along higher ground.
Correct answer is: Linear
Q.14 Which factor does NOT typically influence urban growth?
Industrialization
Transport facilities
Religious beliefs
Migration
Explanation - While religion may influence settlement location historically, urban growth is primarily driven by industrialization, transport, and migration.
Correct answer is: Religious beliefs
Q.15 Which settlement pattern is common in desert areas where water sources are scarce?
Linear
Clustered
Dispersed
Nucleated
Explanation - In deserts, settlements are clustered around scarce water sources like oases to maximize access to water and resources.
Correct answer is: Clustered
Q.16 What is the term for the outward expansion of cities into surrounding rural areas?
Urban sprawl
Centralization
Ruralization
Gentrification
Explanation - Urban sprawl is the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into nearby rural lands, often leading to environmental and infrastructural challenges.
Correct answer is: Urban sprawl
Q.17 Which factor is the least important in determining the location of ancient settlements?
Water availability
Fertile land
Proximity to markets
Trade routes
Explanation - Ancient settlements prioritized survival needs like water and fertile land, while access to markets became significant later in urban development.
Correct answer is: Proximity to markets
Q.18 Which settlement pattern typically occurs along coastlines?
Linear
Dispersed
Clustered
Random
Explanation - Coastal settlements often develop linearly along the shore to facilitate fishing, trade, and transport.
Correct answer is: Linear
Q.19 Which of the following best describes a mega city?
A city with more than 10 million inhabitants
A city with a population under 1 million
A rural town with urban facilities
A city located only in Europe
Explanation - Mega cities are urban areas with populations exceeding 10 million, characterized by high density, infrastructure challenges, and economic significance.
Correct answer is: A city with more than 10 million inhabitants
Q.20 What is 'gentrification' in urban geography?
Development of industrial zones in rural areas
Renovation of urban neighborhoods leading to displacement of lower-income residents
Expansion of cities into forests
Construction of highways in urban areas
Explanation - Gentrification involves urban renewal and rising property values, often displacing long-term, lower-income residents.
Correct answer is: Renovation of urban neighborhoods leading to displacement of lower-income residents
Q.21 Which of the following is an example of a primate city?
London in the UK
Paris in France
New York in the USA
Los Angeles in the USA
Explanation - A primate city is disproportionately larger than other cities in a country, serving as the main economic, cultural, and political hub.
Correct answer is: Paris in France
Q.22 Which settlement type is most vulnerable to natural disasters like floods and tsunamis?
Mountain settlements
Riverine and coastal settlements
Desert settlements
Dispersed rural settlements
Explanation - Settlements near rivers and coasts face higher risk from floods, storm surges, and tsunamis due to proximity to water bodies.
Correct answer is: Riverine and coastal settlements
Q.23 Which factor most influences the urban hierarchy in a country?
Population size and function of cities
Number of parks in each city
Distance from the ocean
Religious significance
Explanation - Urban hierarchy is determined by the size, economic function, and influence of cities relative to others in the region or country.
Correct answer is: Population size and function of cities
Q.24 Which is a major consequence of rural-to-urban migration?
Overpopulation in cities and pressure on infrastructure
Increase in agricultural productivity
Decline in urban industries
Expansion of rural settlements
Explanation - Rural-to-urban migration leads to higher population density in cities, creating challenges in housing, transportation, and sanitation.
Correct answer is: Overpopulation in cities and pressure on infrastructure
Q.25 Which factor most encourages the development of industrial towns?
Availability of raw materials
High tourism
Religious importance
Fertile soil
Explanation - Industrial towns develop near raw materials to minimize transport costs and facilitate production processes.
Correct answer is: Availability of raw materials