Q.1 Which of the following is considered a measure of a country's development?
Population density
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Birth rate
Climate
Explanation - GDP measures the total economic output of a country and is widely used as an indicator of economic development.
Correct answer is: Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Q.2 The Human Development Index (HDI) includes which of the following indicators?
Life expectancy, literacy rate, and income
Population density, GDP, and urbanization
Climate, rainfall, and terrain
Exports, imports, and trade balance
Explanation - HDI is a composite index measuring average achievement in key dimensions of human development: health, education, and standard of living.
Correct answer is: Life expectancy, literacy rate, and income
Q.3 Which region is generally classified as a 'developing region'?
Western Europe
North America
Sub-Saharan Africa
Australia
Explanation - Sub-Saharan Africa has lower economic development indicators compared to developed regions like North America and Western Europe.
Correct answer is: Sub-Saharan Africa
Q.4 What does the term 'economic disparity' refer to?
Differences in weather conditions across regions
Differences in economic wealth and living standards
Differences in cultural practices
Differences in population sizes
Explanation - Economic disparity indicates unequal distribution of income and resources among individuals or regions.
Correct answer is: Differences in economic wealth and living standards
Q.5 Which development model focuses on reducing poverty through economic growth first, followed by social development?
Human Development Approach
Trickle-Down Theory
Sustainable Development
Dependency Theory
Explanation - Trickle-Down Theory assumes economic growth will eventually benefit all sections of society, although it has faced criticism for inequality.
Correct answer is: Trickle-Down Theory
Q.6 Which of the following is a primary indicator of social development?
GDP per capita
Literacy rate
Trade balance
Natural resource reserves
Explanation - Social development is measured by indicators like education, literacy, health, and quality of life.
Correct answer is: Literacy rate
Q.7 Which concept emphasizes development that meets present needs without compromising future generations?
Sustainable Development
Urbanization
Industrialization
Globalization
Explanation - Sustainable development integrates economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection for long-term development.
Correct answer is: Sustainable Development
Q.8 Which of the following is an example of a 'less developed country' (LDC)?
India
Norway
Japan
Canada
Explanation - India is classified as a developing country due to lower per capita income and human development indicators compared to developed nations.
Correct answer is: India
Q.9 The 'dependency theory' suggests that:
Development in one country depends on climate
Developing countries are exploited by developed countries
Population growth leads to economic prosperity
Trade always benefits all countries equally
Explanation - Dependency theory argues that global economic structures perpetuate underdevelopment in poorer nations.
Correct answer is: Developing countries are exploited by developed countries
Q.10 Which index measures gender-based inequalities in development?
HDI
GDI
GDP
UNDP Index
Explanation - GDI (Gender Development Index) adjusts the HDI for gender disparities in health, education, and income.
Correct answer is: GDI
Q.11 Which of the following is a characteristic of a developed country?
High infant mortality
High literacy rate
Low life expectancy
Low industrialization
Explanation - Developed countries typically have high literacy, high life expectancy, and advanced industrialization.
Correct answer is: High literacy rate
Q.12 Which sector contributes the most to GDP in developed countries?
Agriculture
Industry
Services
Mining
Explanation - In developed countries, the service sector dominates GDP contributions, reflecting post-industrial economies.
Correct answer is: Services
Q.13 Which factor is most directly related to a country's standard of living?
Population density
Per capita income
Climate
Natural vegetation
Explanation - Per capita income indicates average income per person, influencing living standards and access to goods and services.
Correct answer is: Per capita income
Q.14 Which of the following countries is classified as high human development according to UNDP?
Norway
Ethiopia
Afghanistan
Haiti
Explanation - Norway has high life expectancy, literacy, and income, placing it in the high human development category.
Correct answer is: Norway
Q.15 What is the main objective of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
Economic growth only
Global poverty reduction and social development
Urbanization planning
Environmental mapping
Explanation - MDGs focused on reducing poverty, improving education, gender equality, and health worldwide.
Correct answer is: Global poverty reduction and social development
Q.16 Which of the following is a consequence of uneven regional development?
Urban-rural migration
Global warming
Decrease in literacy rates
Climate change adaptation
Explanation - Uneven development often pushes people from less developed rural areas to urban centers seeking jobs and services.
Correct answer is: Urban-rural migration
Q.17 Which indicator is used to measure poverty levels in a country?
Gini coefficient
HDI
Infant mortality rate
Birth rate
Explanation - The Gini coefficient measures income inequality, which is a key indicator of poverty levels.
Correct answer is: Gini coefficient
Q.18 What does 'sustainable livelihoods' approach emphasize?
Maximizing industrial output
Ensuring people have long-term means to meet their needs
Reducing government expenditure
Urban infrastructure development
Explanation - The sustainable livelihoods approach focuses on empowering people to achieve economic and social stability over time.
Correct answer is: Ensuring people have long-term means to meet their needs
Q.19 Which of the following best explains the concept of 'development gap'?
The difference in climate between countries
The difference in development levels between countries or regions
The gap in population growth rates
The gap in cultural practices
Explanation - Development gap refers to disparities in wealth, infrastructure, and quality of life between regions or nations.
Correct answer is: The difference in development levels between countries or regions
Q.20 Which organization publishes the Human Development Report annually?
World Bank
UNDP
IMF
WHO
Explanation - The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) publishes the Human Development Report, highlighting global development indicators.
Correct answer is: UNDP
Q.21 Which term describes the process where developing countries adopt technologies and practices from developed countries to boost growth?
Industrialization
Globalization
Technology transfer
Urbanization
Explanation - Technology transfer allows developing countries to accelerate development by adopting advanced technologies.
Correct answer is: Technology transfer
Q.22 Which of the following is a limitation of using GDP as a sole indicator of development?
It does not account for population size
It does not measure social well-being or income distribution
It is only calculated annually
It is influenced by climate
Explanation - GDP measures economic output but ignores inequality, health, education, and quality of life factors.
Correct answer is: It does not measure social well-being or income distribution
Q.23 Which region shows the highest Human Development Index in the world?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Western Europe
South Asia
Latin America
Explanation - Western European countries score highest in HDI due to high income, life expectancy, and education levels.
Correct answer is: Western Europe
Q.24 Which of the following is an example of an alternative development indicator besides GDP?
GNP
HDI
Population growth
Urbanization rate
Explanation - HDI is widely used as an alternative development indicator, incorporating health, education, and income dimensions.
Correct answer is: HDI
Q.25 What is a major goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
Achieving economic growth only
Eradicating poverty and promoting well-being for all
Maximizing industrial output
Increasing population growth
Explanation - SDGs aim to end poverty, reduce inequalities, and ensure environmental sustainability while promoting prosperity.
Correct answer is: Eradicating poverty and promoting well-being for all