Q.1 What is the main focus of behavioral geography?
The study of physical landscapes
The study of human decision-making and perception in space
The study of climate patterns
The study of economic production
Explanation - Behavioral geography examines how human perception, cognition, and behavior influence spatial decisions and movement.
Correct answer is: The study of human decision-making and perception in space
Q.2 Who is considered a key figure in the development of behavioral geography?
David Harvey
William Bunge
Ronald F. Abler
Carl Sauer
Explanation - Ronald F. Abler is known for his contributions to behavioral geography, emphasizing human perception and spatial decision-making.
Correct answer is: Ronald F. Abler
Q.3 Which concept is central to behavioral geography?
Cognitive maps
Plate tectonics
Population density
Urban sprawl
Explanation - Cognitive maps represent the mental images people form of their surroundings, a core concept in behavioral geography.
Correct answer is: Cognitive maps
Q.4 Behavioral geography is mainly concerned with which type of approach?
Deterministic
Quantitative only
Human-centered and psychological
Physical environment modeling
Explanation - Behavioral geography emphasizes understanding human behavior, perception, and decision-making in spatial contexts.
Correct answer is: Human-centered and psychological
Q.5 What does a cognitive map represent?
The official geographic map of a city
A mental representation of spatial information
The topographic features of a landscape
Population distribution across regions
Explanation - Cognitive maps are internal mental representations that people use to navigate and understand spaces.
Correct answer is: A mental representation of spatial information
Q.6 Which method is commonly used in behavioral geography studies?
GIS mapping only
Questionnaires and mental mapping exercises
Satellite imagery analysis
Soil sampling
Explanation - Behavioral geographers often use surveys, interviews, and mental mapping to understand human perception and spatial decision-making.
Correct answer is: Questionnaires and mental mapping exercises
Q.7 Which factor does behavioral geography consider in human spatial behavior?
Economic policies
Individual perception and cognition
Geological formations
Climate change
Explanation - Behavioral geography focuses on how personal perceptions, preferences, and cognitive processes affect spatial behavior.
Correct answer is: Individual perception and cognition
Q.8 Which theory is associated with behavioral geography?
Central Place Theory
Behavioral Decision Theory
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Gravity Model
Explanation - Behavioral Decision Theory helps explain how people make spatial choices under uncertainty, a core concern of behavioral geography.
Correct answer is: Behavioral Decision Theory
Q.9 How does behavioral geography differ from traditional human geography?
It ignores human behavior
It focuses on human perception and decision-making rather than only social and economic factors
It only studies urban areas
It is entirely quantitative
Explanation - Behavioral geography emphasizes psychological aspects of spatial behavior, unlike traditional human geography which often focuses on broader social, cultural, or economic patterns.
Correct answer is: It focuses on human perception and decision-making rather than only social and economic factors
Q.10 Which of the following is an example of a behavioral geography study?
Mapping tectonic faults in an earthquake-prone region
Studying how people choose routes to work using mental maps
Analyzing rainfall patterns
Calculating population growth rates
Explanation - This study examines human perception and spatial decision-making, which is central to behavioral geography.
Correct answer is: Studying how people choose routes to work using mental maps
Q.11 Which research tool is often used to visualize cognitive maps?
Remote sensing
Sketch mapping
Statistical regression
Cartographic projection
Explanation - Sketch maps are a direct method for visualizing how individuals perceive and mentally represent spaces.
Correct answer is: Sketch mapping
Q.12 What role does perception play in behavioral geography?
It determines soil quality
It influences how people interact with and move through spaces
It affects tectonic activity
It predicts rainfall
Explanation - Perception shapes human spatial behavior, affecting navigation, place preference, and land-use decisions.
Correct answer is: It influences how people interact with and move through spaces
Q.13 Which of the following best describes bounded rationality in behavioral geography?
Humans have unlimited information to make decisions
Humans make decisions with limited information and cognitive constraints
Humans only respond to economic incentives
Humans follow physical geographic laws
Explanation - Bounded rationality acknowledges the cognitive limits and imperfect knowledge that influence spatial decision-making.
Correct answer is: Humans make decisions with limited information and cognitive constraints
Q.14 Which area is NOT typically studied in behavioral geography?
Route choice behavior
Perception of urban safety
Soil erosion patterns
Cognitive mapping of places
Explanation - Soil erosion is a physical geography concern, not typically analyzed through a behavioral perspective.
Correct answer is: Soil erosion patterns
Q.15 Behavioral geography emphasizes which of the following perspectives?
Deterministic and environmental
Human-centered and psychological
Physical and climatic
Economic and statistical
Explanation - The human-centered approach in behavioral geography studies perception, decision-making, and behavior in spatial contexts.
Correct answer is: Human-centered and psychological
Q.16 Which of the following illustrates a cognitive distortion studied in behavioral geography?
Believing downtown is farther than it really is
Calculating real estate prices
Mapping tectonic faults
Recording rainfall
Explanation - Cognitive distortions reveal differences between perceived and actual spatial realities, a key interest in behavioral geography.
Correct answer is: Believing downtown is farther than it really is
Q.17 Which approach did early behavioral geographers criticize?
Quantitative and deterministic approaches
Qualitative and psychological approaches
Cartographic projections
Remote sensing
Explanation - Early behavioral geographers argued that traditional quantitative approaches ignored human perception and decision-making.
Correct answer is: Quantitative and deterministic approaches
Q.18 Which of these concepts is closely related to human wayfinding behavior?
Plate tectonics
Cognitive mapping
Hydrological cycle
Population pyramids
Explanation - Cognitive mapping explains how humans perceive and navigate their environment, which is central to wayfinding studies.
Correct answer is: Cognitive mapping
Q.19 What does the term 'environmental perception' refer to in behavioral geography?
The study of soil types
The way people perceive and interpret their surroundings
The mapping of rivers
Climate modeling
Explanation - Environmental perception examines subjective interpretations and attitudes toward spaces, influencing behavior.
Correct answer is: The way people perceive and interpret their surroundings
Q.20 Behavioral geography emerged primarily as a reaction to which geographical paradigm?
Environmental determinism
Possibilism
Regional geography
Humanistic geography
Explanation - Behavioral geography challenged deterministic views by emphasizing human perception, cognition, and choice in spatial behavior.
Correct answer is: Environmental determinism
Q.21 Which of the following is an application of behavioral geography?
Designing urban traffic systems considering human decision-making
Mapping tectonic plates
Measuring annual rainfall
Studying volcanic eruptions
Explanation - Behavioral insights are applied in urban planning and traffic management to account for human perceptions and route choices.
Correct answer is: Designing urban traffic systems considering human decision-making
Q.22 What is the relationship between perception and behavior in behavioral geography?
Perception directly influences human spatial behavior
Behavior has no link to perception
Perception is only related to physical geography
Behavior is solely determined by economic incentives
Explanation - Behavioral geography studies how people's mental images and perceptions shape their spatial decisions and movements.
Correct answer is: Perception directly influences human spatial behavior
Q.23 In behavioral geography, what does the study of 'mental maps' help to understand?
Population density distribution
How individuals perceive and navigate spaces
Soil fertility patterns
Climate change effects
Explanation - Mental maps reveal subjective spatial understanding and decision-making processes, key in behavioral geography.
Correct answer is: How individuals perceive and navigate spaces
Q.24 Which research focus is LEAST likely in behavioral geography?
How people perceive urban safety
Route choice behavior in commuting
Spatial cognition in navigation
Volcanic eruption prediction
Explanation - Predicting natural hazards like volcanic eruptions is a physical geography concern, not typically studied in behavioral geography.
Correct answer is: Volcanic eruption prediction
Q.25 What does the term 'subjective space' mean in behavioral geography?
Physically measured distances
Space as perceived and interpreted by humans
The area covered by rivers
Climatic zones
Explanation - Behavioral geography studies subjective space, emphasizing human perception rather than objective physical measurements.
Correct answer is: Space as perceived and interpreted by humans