Q.1 Which human activity is the primary cause of global warming?
Deforestation
Use of renewable energy
Planting trees
Organic farming
Explanation - Deforestation releases large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing significantly to global warming.
Correct answer is: Deforestation
Q.2 What is the main consequence of overfishing in oceans?
Increase in fish population
Decline in marine biodiversity
Improved water quality
Expansion of coral reefs
Explanation - Overfishing removes too many fish from the ecosystem, disrupting the food chain and reducing biodiversity.
Correct answer is: Decline in marine biodiversity
Q.3 Which pollutant is most responsible for acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen gas
Carbon monoxide
Explanation - Sulfur dioxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid, which falls as acid rain.
Correct answer is: Sulfur dioxide
Q.4 Which of the following is a non-renewable resource heavily impacted by human extraction?
Solar energy
Coal
Wind energy
Biomass
Explanation - Coal is a fossil fuel and non-renewable; excessive mining leads to land degradation and air pollution.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.5 Urbanization mainly affects the environment by:
Increasing green cover
Reducing biodiversity
Improving air quality
Increasing rainfall
Explanation - Urban expansion replaces natural habitats with concrete structures, reducing biodiversity.
Correct answer is: Reducing biodiversity
Q.6 Which human activity contributes the most to water pollution?
Industrial discharge
Planting trees
Cycling
Rainwater harvesting
Explanation - Industrial discharge often contains harmful chemicals that contaminate rivers and lakes.
Correct answer is: Industrial discharge
Q.7 Eutrophication in water bodies is primarily caused by:
Excessive nutrients from fertilizers
Overfishing
Oil spills
Plastic waste
Explanation - Runoff containing fertilizers adds excess nitrogen and phosphorus, causing algal blooms and oxygen depletion.
Correct answer is: Excessive nutrients from fertilizers
Q.8 Which human activity is the leading cause of habitat loss for wildlife?
Agricultural expansion
Eco-tourism
Organic farming
Reforestation
Explanation - Clearing forests for agriculture destroys natural habitats, threatening wildlife survival.
Correct answer is: Agricultural expansion
Q.9 Which greenhouse gas is primarily emitted by livestock?
Methane
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Helium
Explanation - Livestock, especially cows, produce methane during digestion, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Methane
Q.10 Which of the following is an effect of deforestation?
Reduced soil erosion
Increase in CO2 levels
Expansion of wetlands
Lower temperature
Explanation - Trees absorb CO2, so cutting them down increases atmospheric CO2, contributing to global warming.
Correct answer is: Increase in CO2 levels
Q.11 Land degradation due to overgrazing leads to:
Soil infertility
Increase in forest cover
Higher crop yield
Improved water quality
Explanation - Excessive grazing removes vegetation, exposing soil to erosion and reducing fertility.
Correct answer is: Soil infertility
Q.12 Which human activity contributes most to the depletion of the ozone layer?
CFC release from aerosols
Solar panel installation
Planting trees
Wind energy use
Explanation - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
Correct answer is: CFC release from aerosols
Q.13 Which practice reduces soil erosion caused by human activity?
Terracing
Deforestation
Overgrazing
Urbanization
Explanation - Terracing slows down water flow and reduces soil erosion on slopes.
Correct answer is: Terracing
Q.14 The main effect of industrial air pollution on human health is:
Respiratory diseases
Improved vision
Reduced blood pressure
Better immunity
Explanation - Air pollutants like sulfur dioxide and particulate matter cause respiratory problems in humans.
Correct answer is: Respiratory diseases
Q.15 Mining activity primarily affects the environment by:
Soil and water pollution
Increasing biodiversity
Reducing CO2 emissions
Creating wetlands
Explanation - Mining generates waste materials and chemicals that contaminate soil and water sources.
Correct answer is: Soil and water pollution
Q.16 Which of the following human activities is responsible for desertification?
Overgrazing
Rainwater harvesting
Organic farming
Afforestation
Explanation - Overgrazing removes vegetation cover, leading to soil degradation and desertification.
Correct answer is: Overgrazing
Q.17 Which form of energy use contributes least to air pollution?
Wind energy
Coal burning
Diesel engines
Natural gas burning
Explanation - Wind energy produces electricity without emitting pollutants, unlike fossil fuels.
Correct answer is: Wind energy
Q.18 Plastic waste in oceans mainly affects:
Marine life
Tree growth
Air quality
Soil fertility
Explanation - Marine animals ingest or get entangled in plastic waste, causing injury or death.
Correct answer is: Marine life
Q.19 Which of the following is a direct human cause of climate change?
Burning fossil fuels
Volcanic eruptions
Earthquakes
Solar cycles
Explanation - Fossil fuel combustion releases CO2, a major greenhouse gas causing climate change.
Correct answer is: Burning fossil fuels
Q.20 Which human activity increases the risk of flooding?
Deforestation
Constructing wetlands
Planting trees
Terracing
Explanation - Deforestation reduces water absorption by soil, increasing surface runoff and flood risk.
Correct answer is: Deforestation
Q.21 Noise pollution in urban areas is mainly caused by:
Traffic and industrial activities
Forestation
Rainfall
Solar panels
Explanation - Vehicle engines, construction, and factories generate excessive noise affecting human health.
Correct answer is: Traffic and industrial activities
Q.22 Which of the following is a method to reduce human impact on the environment?
Recycling waste
Overfishing
Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels
Explanation - Recycling reduces waste accumulation, conserving resources and reducing pollution.
Correct answer is: Recycling waste
Q.23 Which sector contributes most to carbon emissions globally?
Energy production
Forestry
Tourism
Fishing
Explanation - Burning coal, oil, and gas for electricity and heat is the largest source of global carbon emissions.
Correct answer is: Energy production
Q.24 Agricultural activities affect the environment mainly through:
Use of chemical fertilizers
Wind energy use
Solar panel installation
Eco-tourism
Explanation - Chemical fertilizers runoff into water bodies causing eutrophication and soil degradation.
Correct answer is: Use of chemical fertilizers
Q.25 Which of the following is a consequence of human-induced climate change?
Rising sea levels
Stable global temperature
Increased polar ice
Reduced storms
Explanation - Global warming melts glaciers and ice caps, increasing sea levels and causing coastal flooding.
Correct answer is: Rising sea levels