Q.1 Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
Solar energy
Coal
Wind energy
Water
Explanation - Coal is formed over millions of years from decayed plant matter, making it a non-renewable resource.
Correct answer is: Coal
Q.2 Which practice helps in conserving soil?
Deforestation
Overgrazing
Contour plowing
Mining
Explanation - Contour plowing follows the natural contours of the land, reducing soil erosion.
Correct answer is: Contour plowing
Q.3 Which method is commonly used for water conservation in agriculture?
Flood irrigation
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Manual watering
Explanation - Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the plant roots, minimizing wastage.
Correct answer is: Drip irrigation
Q.4 Which of the following is a renewable resource?
Petroleum
Natural gas
Wind energy
Coal
Explanation - Wind energy is renewable because it is naturally replenished and cannot be exhausted.
Correct answer is: Wind energy
Q.5 What is the main cause of deforestation?
Urbanization
Industrialization
Agricultural expansion
All of the above
Explanation - Deforestation occurs due to multiple factors including urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.6 Which gas is primarily responsible for acid rain?
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Methane
Oxygen
Explanation - Sulfur dioxide released from burning fossil fuels reacts with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain.
Correct answer is: Sulfur dioxide
Q.7 Which of the following is an effect of over-extraction of groundwater?
Land subsidence
Flooding
Soil fertility increase
Drought prevention
Explanation - Excessive withdrawal of groundwater can cause the land above to sink, a phenomenon called land subsidence.
Correct answer is: Land subsidence
Q.8 Which of the following contributes most to biodiversity loss?
Deforestation
Urban gardening
Rainwater harvesting
Organic farming
Explanation - Deforestation destroys natural habitats and leads to significant biodiversity loss.
Correct answer is: Deforestation
Q.9 What does the term 'sustainable development' mean?
Using resources recklessly
Meeting current needs without compromising future generations
Focusing only on economic growth
Avoiding technological development
Explanation - Sustainable development aims to balance environmental, economic, and social needs.
Correct answer is: Meeting current needs without compromising future generations
Q.10 Which of the following is a method to conserve forest resources?
Clear-cutting
Selective logging
Slash-and-burn
Urbanization
Explanation - Selective logging involves cutting only certain trees, which helps conserve forest ecosystems.
Correct answer is: Selective logging
Q.11 Which soil conservation method involves planting trees along slopes?
Crop rotation
Terracing
Afforestation
Contour plowing
Explanation - Afforestation stabilizes soil, prevents erosion, and improves soil fertility along slopes.
Correct answer is: Afforestation
Q.12 Which of the following human activities depletes the ozone layer?
Use of CFCs
Deforestation
Drip irrigation
Wind energy
Explanation - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from refrigerants and aerosols damage the ozone layer.
Correct answer is: Use of CFCs
Q.13 Which practice is beneficial for groundwater recharge?
Paving large areas
Rainwater harvesting
Over-extraction
Deforestation
Explanation - Collecting and storing rainwater helps replenish underground aquifers.
Correct answer is: Rainwater harvesting
Q.14 Which of the following is considered a water pollutant?
Plastic waste
Detergents
Industrial effluents
All of the above
Explanation - All listed options contaminate water sources and harm aquatic ecosystems.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.15 Which renewable energy source produces electricity using falling water?
Solar power
Hydropower
Wind energy
Geothermal energy
Explanation - Hydropower converts kinetic energy from flowing or falling water into electricity.
Correct answer is: Hydropower
Q.16 Which type of farming reduces the need for chemical fertilizers?
Monocropping
Organic farming
Slash-and-burn
Deforestation
Explanation - Organic farming uses natural compost and crop rotation to maintain soil fertility.
Correct answer is: Organic farming
Q.17 Which international agreement focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris Agreement
Both Kyoto and Paris
Explanation - Both the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement aim to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Correct answer is: Both Kyoto and Paris
Q.18 Which natural resource is being conserved by using CFL or LED bulbs?
Water
Electricity
Coal
Soil
Explanation - Energy-efficient bulbs consume less electricity, conserving energy and reducing fossil fuel use.
Correct answer is: Electricity
Q.19 Which of the following is NOT a method of forest conservation?
Wildlife sanctuaries
National parks
Slash-and-burn agriculture
Afforestation
Explanation - Slash-and-burn is a destructive practice that leads to deforestation rather than conservation.
Correct answer is: Slash-and-burn agriculture
Q.20 Which of the following best defines 'rainwater harvesting'?
Using rainwater for cleaning purposes only
Collecting and storing rainwater for later use
Redirecting rainwater to rivers
Filtering groundwater
Explanation - Rainwater harvesting involves capturing and storing rainwater to reduce dependency on other water sources.
Correct answer is: Collecting and storing rainwater for later use
Q.21 Which human activity increases soil erosion?
Deforestation
Crop rotation
Afforestation
Terracing
Explanation - Removing vegetation exposes soil to wind and water erosion.
Correct answer is: Deforestation
Q.22 Which method helps in conserving energy in homes?
Using LED bulbs
Leaving appliances on standby
Using old incandescent bulbs
Excessive air conditioning
Explanation - LED bulbs are energy-efficient and help reduce electricity consumption.
Correct answer is: Using LED bulbs
Q.23 Which type of pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers?
Air pollution
Soil pollution
Water pollution
Noise pollution
Explanation - Runoff from excessive fertilizers enters water bodies, causing nutrient pollution and eutrophication.
Correct answer is: Water pollution
Q.24 Which of the following is an example of a sustainable fishing practice?
Overfishing
Bycatch reduction methods
Destructive trawling
Dynamite fishing
Explanation - Bycatch reduction methods prevent the capture of non-target species, supporting sustainable fisheries.
Correct answer is: Bycatch reduction methods
Q.25 Which natural resource is conserved by recycling paper?
Forest
Coal
Oil
Water
Explanation - Recycling paper reduces the demand for wood, conserving forests.
Correct answer is: Forest