Q.1 Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
Femur
Humerus
Vertebra
Scapula
Explanation - The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. Vertebrae are part of the vertebral column.
Correct answer is: Vertebra
Q.2 The study of human skeletal remains to understand biological and cultural aspects is called:
Paleontology
Osteology
Archaeology
Anthropometry
Explanation - Osteology is the scientific study of bones, especially human skeletal remains, to learn about age, sex, ancestry, and health.
Correct answer is: Osteology
Q.3 Which bone is commonly used to estimate sex in adult skeletal remains?
Skull
Tibia
Radius
Patella
Explanation - The skull has sexually dimorphic traits such as the size of the brow ridge and mastoid process, which help estimate sex.
Correct answer is: Skull
Q.4 The humerus is classified as a:
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Explanation - Long bones are characterized by a shaft and two ends; the humerus, located in the arm, is a typical long bone.
Correct answer is: Long bone
Q.5 Which part of a long bone contains red bone marrow?
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Medullary cavity
Periosteum
Explanation - Red bone marrow is found mainly in the epiphysis of long bones, where blood cells are produced.
Correct answer is: Epiphysis
Q.6 Osteocytes are found in:
Bone matrix
Bone marrow
Cartilage
Ligaments
Explanation - Osteocytes are mature bone cells embedded in the bone matrix, responsible for maintaining bone tissue.
Correct answer is: Bone matrix
Q.7 The pelvis is particularly useful in anthropology for determining:
Age
Sex
Height
Occupation
Explanation - Pelvic bones show significant sexual dimorphism, making them highly reliable for determining biological sex.
Correct answer is: Sex
Q.8 Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?
Sternum
Scapula
Vertebra
Ribs
Explanation - The appendicular skeleton includes limbs and girdles. The scapula is part of the pectoral girdle.
Correct answer is: Scapula
Q.9 Which feature of the skull is used to estimate ancestry?
Sagittal suture
Nasal aperture
Occipital condyle
Mandibular ramus
Explanation - Nasal aperture shape and width can help anthropologists estimate ancestry, as populations differ in cranial morphology.
Correct answer is: Nasal aperture
Q.10 Osteoporosis primarily affects which type of bone tissue?
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Cartilage
Ligaments
Explanation - Spongy bone (trabecular bone) is more metabolically active and is the first to show thinning in osteoporosis.
Correct answer is: Spongy bone
Q.11 Which of the following is a sesamoid bone?
Patella
Femur
Ulna
Scapula
Explanation - Sesamoid bones are small bones embedded within tendons; the patella (kneecap) is the largest example in the human body.
Correct answer is: Patella
Q.12 The study of age at death from skeletal remains is part of:
Forensic anthropology
Paleoanthropology
Osteology
Bioarchaeology
Explanation - Forensic anthropologists estimate age at death using dental wear, epiphyseal fusion, and other skeletal markers.
Correct answer is: Forensic anthropology
Q.13 Which bone is most commonly used for estimating stature?
Femur
Skull
Radius
Clavicle
Explanation - The femur is the longest bone in the body, and its length is directly correlated with an individual’s stature.
Correct answer is: Femur
Q.14 Which bone feature indicates muscle attachment sites?
Foramina
Tubercles
Sutures
Condyles
Explanation - Tubercles and other bony projections serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
Correct answer is: Tubercles
Q.15 Which type of joint is found between the vertebrae?
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Explanation - Intervertebral discs connect vertebrae through cartilaginous joints, allowing limited movement while absorbing shock.
Correct answer is: Cartilaginous joint
Q.16 Which bone forms the forehead?
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Explanation - The frontal bone forms the anterior part of the skull, including the forehead and upper eye sockets.
Correct answer is: Frontal bone
Q.17 Which of the following bones articulates with the scapula?
Clavicle
Femur
Tibia
Radius
Explanation - The clavicle (collarbone) articulates with the scapula at the acromion process to form the shoulder joint.
Correct answer is: Clavicle
Q.18 The sternal end of the rib articulates with:
Vertebrae
Clavicle
Sternum
Scapula
Explanation - The sternal end of a rib connects to the sternum via costal cartilage, forming the anterior chest wall.
Correct answer is: Sternum
Q.19 Which of the following bones has a coronoid process?
Mandible
Maxilla
Humerus
Ulna
Explanation - The coronoid process is a triangular projection on the mandible that serves as a muscle attachment site.
Correct answer is: Mandible
Q.20 Which structure allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through bones?
Foramen
Suture
Condyle
Tuberosity
Explanation - Foramina are openings in bones that allow the passage of nerves, arteries, and veins.
Correct answer is: Foramen
Q.21 The study of ancient human skeletal remains to understand past populations is called:
Forensic anthropology
Paleoanthropology
Bioarchaeology
Osteometry
Explanation - Bioarchaeology combines osteology and archaeology to study human remains in historical and prehistorical contexts.
Correct answer is: Bioarchaeology
Q.22 Which cranial suture fuses last in humans?
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture
Metopic suture
Explanation - The sagittal suture fuses later than others, often in the 30s or 40s, which can help in age estimation.
Correct answer is: Sagittal suture
Q.23 Which bone is involved in forming the elbow joint?
Humerus
Scapula
Femur
Tibia
Explanation - The humerus articulates with the ulna and radius at the elbow to allow flexion and extension.
Correct answer is: Humerus
Q.24 Which skeletal marker is most useful for identifying nutritional deficiencies?
Epiphyseal fusion
Dental enamel hypoplasia
Sutures
Tubercles
Explanation - Dental enamel hypoplasia shows periods of stress or malnutrition during childhood, preserved in teeth.
Correct answer is: Dental enamel hypoplasia
Q.25 Which bone feature forms part of the knee joint?
Femoral condyles
Tibial tuberosity
Patellar notch
Olecranon
Explanation - The femoral condyles articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
Correct answer is: Femoral condyles