Q.1 Which macronutrient provides the highest energy per gram?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Explanation - Fats provide approximately 9 kcal per gram, which is more than carbohydrates and proteins that provide 4 kcal per gram each.
Correct answer is: Fats
Q.2 Which vitamin is primarily obtained from sunlight exposure?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to UVB rays from sunlight.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.3 Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Potassium
Explanation - Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.4 Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for the human brain?
Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Water
Explanation - Glucose, derived from carbohydrates, is the main energy source for the brain.
Correct answer is: Carbohydrates
Q.5 Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin C is water-soluble, meaning it dissolves in water and is excreted easily if taken in excess.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.6 Which nutrient deficiency causes scurvy?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Iron
Calcium
Explanation - Scurvy results from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.7 Which macronutrient is essential for tissue repair and muscle growth?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Fiber
Explanation - Proteins provide amino acids that are necessary for repairing tissues and building muscle.
Correct answer is: Proteins
Q.8 Which mineral is most important for bone health?
Iron
Calcium
Zinc
Sodium
Explanation - Calcium is a major component of bones and is essential for their strength and density.
Correct answer is: Calcium
Q.9 What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
Provide energy
Aid in digestion
Build muscles
Transport oxygen
Explanation - Dietary fiber helps maintain bowel regularity and supports healthy digestion.
Correct answer is: Aid in digestion
Q.10 Which fatty acid is considered essential because it cannot be synthesized by the body?
Oleic acid
Linoleic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid
Explanation - Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet.
Correct answer is: Linoleic acid
Q.11 Which vitamin deficiency can lead to rickets in children?
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, leading to weak and deformed bones known as rickets.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.12 Which nutrient is critical for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
Iodine
Iron
Calcium
Vitamin C
Explanation - Iodine is essential for producing thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.
Correct answer is: Iodine
Q.13 Which of the following is a complete protein source?
Rice
Eggs
Wheat
Corn
Explanation - Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids, making them a complete protein source.
Correct answer is: Eggs
Q.14 Which mineral is essential for enzyme function and immune system support?
Zinc
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Explanation - Zinc is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions and plays a vital role in immune function.
Correct answer is: Zinc
Q.15 Which nutrient deficiency causes beriberi?
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to neurological and cardiovascular problems.
Correct answer is: Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Q.16 Which macronutrient plays a key role in maintaining body temperature and protecting organs?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Explanation - Fats provide insulation, protect organs, and store energy for long-term use.
Correct answer is: Fats
Q.17 Which vitamin is important for blood clotting?
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Explanation - Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors that help stop bleeding.
Correct answer is: Vitamin K
Q.18 Which mineral helps regulate heartbeat and nerve function?
Potassium
Calcium
Iron
Zinc
Explanation - Potassium is critical for proper muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and maintaining fluid balance.
Correct answer is: Potassium
Q.19 Which of the following is an antioxidant nutrient?
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Calcium
Iron
Explanation - Vitamin E protects cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals.
Correct answer is: Vitamin E
Q.20 Which vitamin is essential for vision and skin health?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin A supports vision, particularly night vision, and helps maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
Correct answer is: Vitamin A
Q.21 Which nutrient is most important for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects?
Folic acid
Vitamin C
Iron
Calcium
Explanation - Folic acid is crucial during early pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
Correct answer is: Folic acid
Q.22 Which type of carbohydrate is digested most slowly, providing sustained energy?
Simple sugars
Complex carbohydrates
Glucose
Fructose
Explanation - Complex carbohydrates, like whole grains and legumes, are broken down slowly, giving prolonged energy release.
Correct answer is: Complex carbohydrates
Q.23 Which macronutrient deficiency is most associated with kwashiorkor?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Explanation - Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency, leading to edema, liver enlargement, and growth retardation.
Correct answer is: Proteins
Q.24 Which nutrient is important for the production of collagen and wound healing?
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Iron
Calcium
Explanation - Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, which supports wound healing and tissue repair.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C