Q.1 Which hormone primarily regulates growth during childhood?
Insulin
Growth Hormone
Thyroxine
Adrenaline
Explanation - Growth hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, is the main hormone regulating growth during childhood and adolescence.
Correct answer is: Growth Hormone
Q.2 At what stage does the human brain reach approximately 90% of its adult size?
At birth
By age 2
By age 5
By age 10
Explanation - By around age 5, the human brain has reached roughly 90% of its adult size, though maturation continues into adolescence.
Correct answer is: By age 5
Q.3 Which of the following is the earliest indicator of puberty in females?
Menarche
Breast development
Growth spurt
Voice change
Explanation - Breast development (thelarche) is usually the first visible sign of puberty in females, preceding menarche and growth spurts.
Correct answer is: Breast development
Q.4 Which bone measurement is commonly used to estimate age in children?
Femur length
Skull circumference
Hand phalanges
Clavicle length
Explanation - Femur length is often used in anthropometry to estimate age and growth patterns in children.
Correct answer is: Femur length
Q.5 What term describes the increase in size of organs and tissues?
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Differentiation
Ossification
Explanation - Hypertrophy refers to the increase in the size of cells, tissues, or organs, contributing to overall growth.
Correct answer is: Hypertrophy
Q.6 Which factor has the greatest influence on adolescent growth spurts?
Nutrition
Genetics
Physical activity
Climate
Explanation - Genetics largely determines the timing and magnitude of growth spurts, though nutrition and health also play important roles.
Correct answer is: Genetics
Q.7 Which of the following bones fuses last during human growth?
Clavicle
Radius
Femur
Skull sutures
Explanation - The clavicle is one of the last bones to fully fuse, usually completing ossification in the early 20s.
Correct answer is: Clavicle
Q.8 Which anthropometric method measures skinfold thickness to estimate body fat?
Stadiometry
Caliper method
MRI scan
Dual-energy X-ray
Explanation - Skinfold calipers are used in physical anthropology to measure subcutaneous fat and estimate body composition.
Correct answer is: Caliper method
Q.9 Peak height velocity in boys usually occurs around which age?
11 years
13 years
15 years
17 years
Explanation - Boys typically experience peak height velocity around age 13–14 during puberty.
Correct answer is: 13 years
Q.10 Which of the following is NOT a major phase of human growth?
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Senescence
Explanation - Senescence refers to aging and decline, not a growth phase.
Correct answer is: Senescence
Q.11 Which gland plays a key role in initiating puberty?
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Explanation - The pituitary gland secretes hormones like LH and FSH, triggering puberty and sexual maturation.
Correct answer is: Pituitary gland
Q.12 What is the primary component of the fetal skeleton before ossification?
Cartilage
Bone marrow
Ligaments
Tendons
Explanation - During fetal development, the skeleton is initially made of cartilage, which gradually ossifies into bone.
Correct answer is: Cartilage
Q.13 Which type of growth involves changes in shape and function rather than size?
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Developmental growth
Differentiation
Explanation - Differentiation refers to cells and tissues acquiring specialized structure and function, a key part of development.
Correct answer is: Differentiation
Q.14 Which of the following is a common sign of delayed growth in children?
Advanced bone age
Short stature
Early puberty
Excess weight gain
Explanation - Short stature is a primary indicator of delayed growth or growth disorders in children.
Correct answer is: Short stature
Q.15 Which anthropometric measurement is used to monitor longitudinal growth in children?
Weight-for-age
Head circumference
Height-for-age
Waist-to-hip ratio
Explanation - Height-for-age charts track linear growth and can indicate stunting or normal development.
Correct answer is: Height-for-age
Q.16 During which life stage is maximum bone mass typically achieved?
Childhood
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Late adulthood
Explanation - Peak bone mass is usually reached by the late teens to early twenties, crucial for lifelong skeletal health.
Correct answer is: Early adulthood
Q.17 Which vitamin is most important for bone growth and mineralization?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption, critical for proper bone growth and development.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.18 Which developmental milestone usually occurs first in infants?
Walking
Sitting without support
Talking in sentences
Running
Explanation - Infants typically sit without support before they walk or speak in complete sentences.
Correct answer is: Sitting without support
Q.19 Which factor does NOT significantly influence physical growth?
Genetics
Nutrition
Sleep patterns
Astrological sign
Explanation - While genetics, nutrition, and sleep affect growth, astrological signs have no scientific influence on physical development.
Correct answer is: Astrological sign
Q.20 Which skeletal feature is most commonly used to assess growth stages in children?
Dental eruption
Cranial sutures
Rib count
Pelvic shape
Explanation - The timing of tooth eruption is a reliable indicator of growth and developmental stages in children.
Correct answer is: Dental eruption
Q.21 Catch-up growth occurs when:
Growth permanently slows down
Nutrition improves after a period of deficiency
Puberty is delayed
Bone density decreases
Explanation - Catch-up growth is a period of accelerated growth following previous growth inhibition, often due to improved nutrition or health.
Correct answer is: Nutrition improves after a period of deficiency
Q.22 Which is the main energy substrate supporting rapid growth in infants?
Proteins
Fats
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Explanation - Fats provide high energy and are critical for rapid growth and brain development in infants.
Correct answer is: Fats
Q.23 The study of human growth patterns and development is called:
Anthropometry
Paleontology
Primatology
Embryology
Explanation - Anthropometry involves measuring human body size, proportions, and growth to study development patterns.
Correct answer is: Anthropometry
Q.24 Which phase is characterized by the fastest growth rate in humans?
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Explanation - Infancy exhibits the fastest rate of growth, with rapid increases in height and weight during the first year of life.
Correct answer is: Infancy