Q.1 Which term describes the movement of people from one region or country to another, often for economic, social, or political reasons?
Diaspora
Migration
Transnationalism
Globalization
Explanation - Migration refers to the movement of people across regions or countries, typically motivated by economic opportunities, social factors, or political circumstances.
Correct answer is: Migration
Q.2 What does the term 'diaspora' primarily refer to?
Temporary travel
The dispersion of people from their homeland
Local community festivals
International trade networks
Explanation - Diaspora refers to communities that live outside their original homeland, often maintaining cultural, social, or emotional ties.
Correct answer is: The dispersion of people from their homeland
Q.3 Which concept emphasizes maintaining connections across national borders while living abroad?
Migration
Diaspora
Transnationalism
Colonialism
Explanation - Transnationalism describes processes where migrants sustain multiple social, economic, and political ties linking their home and host countries.
Correct answer is: Transnationalism
Q.4 Which of the following is an example of economic migration?
Refugees fleeing war
Workers moving for better job opportunities
Students studying abroad
Tourists visiting another country
Explanation - Economic migration specifically involves relocating to improve employment prospects or financial stability.
Correct answer is: Workers moving for better job opportunities
Q.5 The concept of 'brain drain' is associated with which phenomenon?
Tourism growth
Skilled migration
Cultural festivals
Rural development
Explanation - Brain drain occurs when educated or skilled individuals leave their home country for better opportunities abroad, potentially reducing local talent.
Correct answer is: Skilled migration
Q.6 Which scholar is known for studying transnational social fields among migrants?
Arjun Appadurai
Peggy Levitt
Margaret Mead
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Explanation - Peggy Levitt has researched how migrants create transnational social fields connecting their origin and destination countries.
Correct answer is: Peggy Levitt
Q.7 Which type of migration is forced due to natural disasters or political persecution?
Voluntary migration
Forced migration
Return migration
Circular migration
Explanation - Forced migration occurs when individuals have no choice but to move due to war, persecution, or environmental crises.
Correct answer is: Forced migration
Q.8 What is 'return migration'?
Migrants relocating to a new country permanently
Migrants visiting their homeland temporarily
Migrants going back to their home country
Migrants moving between two cities within the same country
Explanation - Return migration refers to individuals who have lived abroad returning to their country of origin, sometimes permanently.
Correct answer is: Migrants going back to their home country
Q.9 Which factor most strongly influences migration decisions according to push-pull theory?
Economic opportunities, safety, and social networks
Fashion trends
Local festivals
Language learning programs
Explanation - Push-pull theory suggests people migrate due to 'push' factors (e.g., conflict, poverty) and 'pull' factors (e.g., jobs, safety, family).
Correct answer is: Economic opportunities, safety, and social networks
Q.10 Which term describes communities that live outside their original homeland but maintain cultural practices?
Diaspora
Colonial settlement
Nomadic group
Urban enclave
Explanation - Diasporic communities preserve language, traditions, and social practices from their homeland while living abroad.
Correct answer is: Diaspora
Q.11 What is a common feature of transnational migration?
Complete assimilation into host society
Regular interactions with both home and host countries
Only temporary travel for vacation
Avoiding contact with homeland
Explanation - Transnational migrants actively participate in social, political, and economic activities in both their origin and destination countries.
Correct answer is: Regular interactions with both home and host countries
Q.12 Which migration type is characterized by repeated movement between two or more places?
Circular migration
Permanent migration
Forced migration
Diaspora
Explanation - Circular migration involves workers or families moving periodically between home and host countries, often for seasonal employment.
Correct answer is: Circular migration
Q.13 How does globalization influence migration?
It reduces migration globally
It creates more transnational opportunities and networks
It only affects tourism
It makes migration illegal
Explanation - Globalization enhances global connectivity, leading to increased migration and stronger transnational social and economic ties.
Correct answer is: It creates more transnational opportunities and networks
Q.14 Which term refers to the social, cultural, and economic connections migrants maintain with their home country?
Assimilation
Transnational ties
Urbanization
Integration
Explanation - Transnational ties include communication, remittances, cultural practices, and political engagement linking migrants with their home country.
Correct answer is: Transnational ties
Q.15 Which is an example of a diaspora community?
Indian communities in the United States
Nomadic Bedouins in the desert
Rural farmers in France
Tourists in Italy
Explanation - Diaspora communities live outside their homeland while maintaining cultural and social connections with it.
Correct answer is: Indian communities in the United States
Q.16 What is the key difference between migration and diaspora?
Migration is always voluntary; diaspora is always forced
Migration is movement; diaspora involves long-term settlement with cultural ties
Migration only happens within countries; diaspora is international
Migration is only economic; diaspora is social
Explanation - While migration refers broadly to movement, diaspora emphasizes communities living outside their homeland over time, retaining cultural identity.
Correct answer is: Migration is movement; diaspora involves long-term settlement with cultural ties
Q.17 Which of the following best illustrates transnationalism?
Sending remittances to family while working abroad
Touring multiple countries for leisure
Permanent settlement without home country contact
Seasonal farming in one region
Explanation - Transnationalism involves ongoing connections and exchanges (economic, social, cultural) across national borders.
Correct answer is: Sending remittances to family while working abroad
Q.18 Which type of migration is typically studied in relation to conflict and human rights?
Forced migration
Economic migration
Return migration
Circular migration
Explanation - Forced migration includes refugees and displaced persons fleeing war, persecution, or natural disasters, often studied in human rights contexts.
Correct answer is: Forced migration
Q.19 Which of these is a pull factor for migration?
War
Unemployment
Better education opportunities
Natural disasters
Explanation - Pull factors attract people to a new location, such as jobs, education, and safety, unlike push factors which drive people away.
Correct answer is: Better education opportunities
Q.20 Which anthropologist emphasized the global cultural flows in migration studies?
Arjun Appadurai
Margaret Mead
Franz Boas
Bronisław Malinowski
Explanation - Arjun Appadurai explored global cultural flows and the impact of media, migration, and transnational networks on local cultures.
Correct answer is: Arjun Appadurai
Q.21 Which is a social impact of diasporic communities on host countries?
Strengthening local traditions
Introducing new cultural practices
Eliminating local culture
Reducing international trade
Explanation - Diasporic communities contribute to multiculturalism by bringing language, food, religious practices, and festivals to host societies.
Correct answer is: Introducing new cultural practices
Q.22 Remittances sent by migrants primarily influence which area in their home countries?
Cultural identity
Economic development
Local elections
Tourism industry
Explanation - Remittances are a major source of income for families and communities, contributing to economic stability and development in home countries.
Correct answer is: Economic development
Q.23 Which term refers to temporary movement of people for work or study while maintaining residence in their home country?
Circular migration
Diaspora
Forced migration
Permanent migration
Explanation - Circular migration involves repeated short-term movement across borders for employment or education while keeping ties to the home country.
Correct answer is: Circular migration
Q.24 Which of the following is a cultural consequence of transnationalism?
Cultural homogenization
Hybrid identities
Elimination of languages
Isolation of communities
Explanation - Transnationalism often produces hybrid cultural identities where migrants integrate aspects of both home and host cultures.
Correct answer is: Hybrid identities