Q.1 Which of the following best describes 'groupthink'?
When group members prioritize harmony over critical evaluation
When individuals in a group compete aggressively
When a group divides into smaller subgroups
When leaders ignore group opinions
Explanation - Groupthink occurs when the desire for consensus in a group leads members to suppress dissenting viewpoints and avoid critical analysis.
Correct answer is: When group members prioritize harmony over critical evaluation
Q.2 Which factor is most likely to increase conformity in a group?
Having no clear group norms
Presence of a unanimous majority
Diversity of opinions
Strong individual confidence
Explanation - Research shows that individuals are more likely to conform when the majority is unanimous, even if the majority is objectively wrong.
Correct answer is: Presence of a unanimous majority
Q.3 What is 'social facilitation'?
Performing worse in front of others
Performing better on simple tasks when observed
Avoiding group work to reduce anxiety
Helping others in a group
Explanation - Social facilitation refers to the tendency for people to perform simple or well-practiced tasks better when in the presence of others.
Correct answer is: Performing better on simple tasks when observed
Q.4 Which term refers to the reduction of effort when individuals work in a group?
Social loafing
Deindividuation
Group polarization
Groupthink
Explanation - Social loafing occurs when individuals exert less effort when working collectively than when working alone.
Correct answer is: Social loafing
Q.5 Deindividuation is most likely to occur when:
Individuals are highly visible in a group
Individuals feel anonymous within a group
Groups are very small
Individuals act independently
Explanation - Deindividuation occurs when people in a group lose self-awareness and self-restraint, often because they feel anonymous.
Correct answer is: Individuals feel anonymous within a group
Q.6 Which phenomenon describes the tendency for groups to make more extreme decisions than individuals?
Group polarization
Social facilitation
Social loafing
Deindividuation
Explanation - Group polarization occurs when discussion within a like-minded group strengthens members' prevailing opinions, making decisions more extreme.
Correct answer is: Group polarization
Q.7 What is the primary purpose of a 'task-oriented' group?
To complete a specific goal or assignment
To socialize and build friendships
To compete against other groups
To resolve internal conflicts
Explanation - Task-oriented groups focus on accomplishing specific objectives rather than fostering social relationships.
Correct answer is: To complete a specific goal or assignment
Q.8 Which of the following is a common factor in successful team performance?
Unclear roles and responsibilities
Strong communication and trust
High conformity pressure
Minimal feedback
Explanation - Effective teams often rely on clear communication and mutual trust to achieve their goals.
Correct answer is: Strong communication and trust
Q.9 Which experiment demonstrated obedience to authority in group settings?
Asch Conformity Experiment
Milgram Shock Experiment
Zimbardo Prison Experiment
Sherif's Robbers Cave Study
Explanation - Milgram's experiment showed that individuals often obey authority figures even when asked to perform actions conflicting with their personal conscience.
Correct answer is: Milgram Shock Experiment
Q.10 Which of the following best illustrates 'social loafing'?
A student contributes minimally during a group project
A team wins a game by coordinating well
An individual refuses to follow harmful orders
A group discussion leads to better ideas
Explanation - Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working collectively compared to working alone.
Correct answer is: A student contributes minimally during a group project
Q.11 What is the main cause of group polarization?
Exposure to diverse opinions
Strengthening of pre-existing views within a group
Presence of a strong leader
Reduced individual responsibility
Explanation - Group polarization occurs when members' initial inclinations are reinforced through discussion, leading to more extreme positions.
Correct answer is: Strengthening of pre-existing views within a group
Q.12 Which term refers to the shared expectations and rules guiding group members' behavior?
Group norms
Groupthink
Social loafing
Social facilitation
Explanation - Group norms are the informal rules and shared expectations that guide behavior in a group.
Correct answer is: Group norms
Q.13 The 'bystander effect' is most closely related to which group behavior?
Diffusion of responsibility
Group polarization
Social facilitation
Groupthink
Explanation - The bystander effect occurs when individuals are less likely to help in an emergency because they assume someone else will intervene.
Correct answer is: Diffusion of responsibility
Q.14 Which factor reduces the likelihood of groupthink?
Presence of a strong leader
Encouraging dissent and critical evaluation
High group cohesion
Time pressure to decide
Explanation - Inviting different perspectives and questioning assumptions reduces the risk of groupthink.
Correct answer is: Encouraging dissent and critical evaluation
Q.15 Which social psychological concept explains why people may act aggressively in crowds?
Deindividuation
Social facilitation
Group polarization
Social loafing
Explanation - Deindividuation in crowds can reduce self-awareness and increase impulsive or aggressive behaviors.
Correct answer is: Deindividuation
Q.16 Which experiment is a classic study of conformity in groups?
Asch Line Judgment Experiment
Milgram Shock Experiment
Zimbardo Prison Experiment
Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment
Explanation - Asch's study demonstrated that individuals often conform to a group's incorrect judgments despite knowing the correct answer.
Correct answer is: Asch Line Judgment Experiment
Q.17 Which of the following is NOT a type of group according to social psychology?
Task group
Social group
Reference group
Conflict group
Explanation - Conflict group is not a recognized type of social group; task, social, and reference groups are commonly classified types.
Correct answer is: Conflict group
Q.18 Which effect suggests that individuals perform worse on difficult tasks in front of others?
Social inhibition
Social facilitation
Groupthink
Group polarization
Explanation - Social inhibition occurs when the presence of others decreases performance on complex or unfamiliar tasks.
Correct answer is: Social inhibition
Q.19 What is a 'reference group'?
A group used for comparison and evaluation
A group with assigned roles
A group performing a shared task
A group that enforces conformity
Explanation - A reference group provides a standard for self-evaluation, influencing attitudes, behaviors, and opinions.
Correct answer is: A group used for comparison and evaluation
Q.20 Which of the following best defines 'collective behavior'?
Spontaneous behavior of large groups without established norms
Structured decision-making in small groups
Teamwork to achieve specific tasks
Long-term behavior patterns in organizations
Explanation - Collective behavior refers to unstructured, often spontaneous actions of a group, such as crowds or mobs, not guided by formal rules.
Correct answer is: Spontaneous behavior of large groups without established norms
Q.21 Which term refers to the tendency for group members to suppress personal doubts to maintain cohesion?
Groupthink
Social facilitation
Deindividuation
Social loafing
Explanation - Groupthink involves suppressing dissenting opinions and critical evaluation in order to maintain group harmony.
Correct answer is: Groupthink
Q.22 Which of the following is an example of 'ingroup bias'?
Favoring members of one's own group over outsiders
Treating all groups equally
Avoiding group membership entirely
Randomly helping strangers
Explanation - Ingroup bias is the tendency to prefer and give favorable treatment to members of one's own group.
Correct answer is: Favoring members of one's own group over outsiders
Q.23 Which term describes intense loyalty to a group leading to irrational behavior?
Groupthink
Deindividuation
Group cohesion
Social loafing
Explanation - While cohesion promotes unity, excessive cohesion can lead to irrational or risky decisions due to strong loyalty overriding critical thinking.
Correct answer is: Group cohesion
Q.24 What is the primary difference between a 'primary' and 'secondary' group?
Primary groups are small and intimate; secondary groups are larger and task-focused
Secondary groups are small and intimate; primary groups are large and task-focused
Primary groups enforce norms; secondary groups do not
Secondary groups are only temporary; primary groups are permanent
Explanation - Primary groups, like families, are characterized by close, personal relationships, while secondary groups are larger and oriented toward specific goals.
Correct answer is: Primary groups are small and intimate; secondary groups are larger and task-focused