Q.1 Which of the following best defines reliability in psychological testing?
The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure
The consistency of test scores over repeated administrations
The ease with which a test can be administered
The ability of a test to predict future behavior
Explanation - Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of test scores when repeated under similar conditions.
Correct answer is: The consistency of test scores over repeated administrations
Q.2 Which type of reliability assesses the consistency of a test across its items?
Test-retest reliability
Inter-rater reliability
Split-half reliability
Parallel-forms reliability
Explanation - Split-half reliability involves dividing a test into two halves and measuring the correlation between the scores of the two halves.
Correct answer is: Split-half reliability
Q.3 A test administered twice over a two-week interval to the same group of people yields highly correlated scores. This demonstrates:
Content validity
Test-retest reliability
Criterion validity
Construct validity
Explanation - Test-retest reliability assesses the stability of test scores over time by correlating scores from two administrations.
Correct answer is: Test-retest reliability
Q.4 Inter-rater reliability is most relevant for which type of test?
Multiple-choice exam
Essay scoring
Reaction time measurement
True/False test
Explanation - Inter-rater reliability measures the degree of agreement between different raters scoring the same test, which is critical for subjective assessments like essays.
Correct answer is: Essay scoring
Q.5 Which type of validity refers to how well a test predicts future performance?
Construct validity
Predictive validity
Concurrent validity
Content validity
Explanation - Predictive validity measures the extent to which a test can accurately forecast future outcomes or behavior.
Correct answer is: Predictive validity
Q.6 A math test that includes questions representing all topics taught in class demonstrates:
Construct validity
Content validity
Concurrent validity
Criterion validity
Explanation - Content validity ensures that a test adequately samples the domain or subject area it is intended to measure.
Correct answer is: Content validity
Q.7 A personality inventory is designed to measure introversion. If it successfully correlates with observed behaviors of introverts, it has high:
Construct validity
Face validity
Split-half reliability
Test-retest reliability
Explanation - Construct validity assesses whether a test truly measures the theoretical construct it claims to measure, in this case, introversion.
Correct answer is: Construct validity
Q.8 Which of the following can increase the reliability of a psychological test?
Increasing the number of test items
Reducing the test length
Using vague instructions
Administering under different conditions each time
Explanation - Longer tests tend to average out random errors, increasing overall reliability.
Correct answer is: Increasing the number of test items
Q.9 A test shows high correlation with another established test measuring the same construct. This indicates:
Convergent validity
Discriminant validity
Face validity
Test-retest reliability
Explanation - Convergent validity is demonstrated when scores on a test correlate highly with other measures of the same construct.
Correct answer is: Convergent validity
Q.10 Which type of validity is most concerned with whether a test appears appropriate to test-takers?
Face validity
Content validity
Criterion validity
Construct validity
Explanation - Face validity refers to the extent to which a test appears effective and relevant to those taking it, even if not formally measured.
Correct answer is: Face validity
Q.11 Parallel-forms reliability is assessed by:
Administering two equivalent forms of the test
Splitting a test into two halves
Testing the same participants twice
Comparing scores with another established test
Explanation - Parallel-forms reliability measures consistency by comparing scores from two equivalent versions of a test.
Correct answer is: Administering two equivalent forms of the test
Q.12 Which of the following is a threat to test reliability?
Random errors in scoring
Clearly defined instructions
Standardized administration
Sufficient number of test items
Explanation - Random errors introduce inconsistency in scores, reducing reliability.
Correct answer is: Random errors in scoring
Q.13 A test correlates highly with another test that measures an unrelated construct. This suggests poor:
Discriminant validity
Predictive validity
Split-half reliability
Test-retest reliability
Explanation - Discriminant validity ensures a test does not correlate strongly with measures of different constructs.
Correct answer is: Discriminant validity
Q.14 Cronbach's alpha is commonly used to measure:
Inter-rater reliability
Internal consistency reliability
Test-retest reliability
Predictive validity
Explanation - Cronbach's alpha evaluates how closely related a set of items are as a group, indicating internal consistency.
Correct answer is: Internal consistency reliability
Q.15 If a test is reliable but not valid, it means:
It consistently measures the wrong construct
It measures what it intends inconsistently
It predicts outcomes accurately
It has high face validity
Explanation - Reliability refers to consistency, but without validity, the test may consistently measure something irrelevant.
Correct answer is: It consistently measures the wrong construct
Q.16 Concurrent validity is assessed by:
Comparing test scores with other measures collected at the same time
Testing the same participants after a long interval
Splitting a test into two halves
Using parallel forms of a test
Explanation - Concurrent validity evaluates how well a test correlates with a criterion measured simultaneously.
Correct answer is: Comparing test scores with other measures collected at the same time
Q.17 A test that appears to measure intelligence but actually measures memory lacks:
Face validity
Construct validity
Split-half reliability
Predictive validity
Explanation - Construct validity ensures that a test measures the intended psychological construct rather than an unrelated one.
Correct answer is: Construct validity
Q.18 Which reliability type is especially important for observational studies?
Test-retest reliability
Internal consistency reliability
Inter-rater reliability
Parallel-forms reliability
Explanation - Observational studies often involve subjective judgments, making agreement between raters critical.
Correct answer is: Inter-rater reliability
Q.19 Which of the following reduces the validity of a test?
Ambiguous instructions
Representative sampling of items
Standardized administration
Adequate length of test
Explanation - Ambiguous instructions can confuse participants, resulting in scores that do not accurately reflect the construct being measured.
Correct answer is: Ambiguous instructions
Q.20 Which is an example of criterion-related validity?
A new depression scale correlates with clinical diagnosis of depression
A vocabulary test includes questions from all taught words
Test items all measure the same factor
The test appears to measure problem-solving skills
Explanation - Criterion-related validity measures how well test scores correlate with an external criterion or outcome.
Correct answer is: A new depression scale correlates with clinical diagnosis of depression
Q.21 If a test yields very different results when administered multiple times, it has:
Low reliability
High validity
High content validity
Low predictive validity
Explanation - Large fluctuations in scores indicate poor consistency, meaning low reliability.
Correct answer is: Low reliability
Q.22 Construct validity involves:
Testing theoretical concepts through empirical data
Measuring whether a test predicts future outcomes
Ensuring instructions are clear
Comparing scores from two halves of the test
Explanation - Construct validity evaluates whether a test accurately measures the theoretical construct it is designed to assess.
Correct answer is: Testing theoretical concepts through empirical data
Q.23 Which factor does NOT affect the reliability of a test?
Random errors in scoring
Test length
Time interval between administrations
Face validity
Explanation - Face validity relates to appearance, not consistency; it does not affect reliability.
Correct answer is: Face validity
Q.24 A measure correlates highly with a test measuring a different, unrelated construct. This indicates a problem with:
Discriminant validity
Convergent validity
Split-half reliability
Internal consistency
Explanation - Discriminant validity ensures that the test does not correlate strongly with unrelated constructs, which would suggest poor discriminant validity.
Correct answer is: Discriminant validity
Q.25 What does high internal consistency indicate?
All items measure the same underlying construct
The test predicts future outcomes
Scores remain stable over time
Different raters agree in scoring
Explanation - Internal consistency reliability indicates the degree to which items on a test are correlated, suggesting they measure the same construct.
Correct answer is: All items measure the same underlying construct