Q.1 According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?
Id
Ego
Superego
Conscious
Explanation - The id seeks immediate gratification of instinctual desires and operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate satisfaction.
Correct answer is: Id
Q.2 Which defense mechanism involves redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities?
Sublimation
Projection
Regression
Repression
Explanation - Sublimation allows people to channel unacceptable impulses into productive or socially acceptable behaviors, such as art or sports.
Correct answer is: Sublimation
Q.3 The Oedipus complex is associated with which psychosexual stage?
Phallic
Oral
Anal
Latency
Explanation - During the phallic stage (ages 3-6), boys may experience the Oedipus complex, involving unconscious sexual desires for the mother and rivalry with the father.
Correct answer is: Phallic
Q.4 According to Carl Jung, the unconscious mind consists of the personal unconscious and the ____?
Collective unconscious
Ego
Id
Superego
Explanation - Jung proposed a collective unconscious shared across humanity, containing archetypes, in addition to the personal unconscious unique to the individual.
Correct answer is: Collective unconscious
Q.5 Which Freudian stage focuses on gratification through bowel and bladder control?
Anal
Oral
Phallic
Genital
Explanation - The anal stage (ages 1-3) centers on bowel and bladder control, with fixation potentially leading to anal-retentive or anal-expulsive personality traits.
Correct answer is: Anal
Q.6 Projection as a defense mechanism involves:
Attributing your own unacceptable impulses to someone else
Channeling impulses into productive work
Refusing to acknowledge reality
Returning to an earlier stage of development
Explanation - Projection occurs when individuals defend against their own unacceptable traits by seeing them in others.
Correct answer is: Attributing your own unacceptable impulses to someone else
Q.7 Which personality structure mediates between the id and the superego?
Ego
Id
Superego
Conscious
Explanation - The ego operates on the reality principle, balancing the impulsive desires of the id with the moral standards of the superego.
Correct answer is: Ego
Q.8 Freud believed that unresolved conflicts at a psychosexual stage could result in ____?
Fixation
Sublimation
Regression
Projection
Explanation - Fixation occurs when a person becomes stuck at a particular psychosexual stage due to unresolved conflicts, affecting adult personality.
Correct answer is: Fixation
Q.9 The concept of the 'shadow' in Jungian theory represents:
The unconscious part of the personality containing repressed weaknesses
The conscious ego
The moralistic superego
The id
Explanation - The shadow includes traits, desires, and weaknesses rejected by the conscious self, representing the darker side of personality.
Correct answer is: The unconscious part of the personality containing repressed weaknesses
Q.10 Which defense mechanism involves refusing to acknowledge painful realities?
Denial
Regression
Sublimation
Reaction formation
Explanation - Denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to accept reality to avoid dealing with painful feelings or events.
Correct answer is: Denial
Q.11 Freud's latency stage is characterized by:
Sexual feelings are dormant
Focus on toilet training
Intense attachment to the opposite-sex parent
Developing genital sexuality
Explanation - During the latency stage (ages 6 to puberty), sexual impulses are repressed, allowing focus on social and intellectual development.
Correct answer is: Sexual feelings are dormant
Q.12 Reaction formation as a defense mechanism involves:
Behaving in a way opposite to one's unacceptable impulses
Projecting feelings onto others
Channeling impulses into work
Refusing to acknowledge reality
Explanation - Reaction formation involves expressing the opposite of unconscious impulses to keep them repressed.
Correct answer is: Behaving in a way opposite to one's unacceptable impulses
Q.13 Jung proposed that archetypes are:
Universal symbols in the collective unconscious
Defense mechanisms
Stages of psychosexual development
Components of the id
Explanation - Archetypes are universal, inherited symbols or patterns present in the collective unconscious, influencing behavior and perception.
Correct answer is: Universal symbols in the collective unconscious
Q.14 Freud's concept of repression involves:
Unconsciously pushing threatening thoughts out of awareness
Channeling impulses into socially acceptable behavior
Blaming others for one's own impulses
Regressing to childlike behaviors
Explanation - Repression keeps distressing thoughts, memories, or desires out of conscious awareness to reduce anxiety.
Correct answer is: Unconsciously pushing threatening thoughts out of awareness
Q.15 Which defense mechanism involves retreating to an earlier stage of development under stress?
Regression
Sublimation
Projection
Denial
Explanation - Regression occurs when a person faced with stress reverts to behaviors typical of an earlier developmental stage.
Correct answer is: Regression
Q.16 The superego develops primarily through:
Internalization of parental and societal standards
Satisfaction of instinctual drives
Dream analysis
Unconscious desires
Explanation - The superego represents moral standards and ideals internalized from parents and society, guiding behavior.
Correct answer is: Internalization of parental and societal standards
Q.17 Freud believed that dreams represent:
Wish fulfillment
Defense mechanisms
Regression
Ego functioning
Explanation - According to Freud, dreams allow the unconscious mind to express repressed desires and wishes symbolically.
Correct answer is: Wish fulfillment
Q.18 In psychodynamic theory, transference occurs when:
A client projects feelings for important figures onto the therapist
Defense mechanisms fail
The id dominates behavior
The ego represses impulses
Explanation - Transference is a process in therapy where clients unconsciously redirect emotions and expectations from past relationships onto the therapist.
Correct answer is: A client projects feelings for important figures onto the therapist
Q.19 According to Erik Erikson, personality development continues:
Across the lifespan
Only in childhood
Only until puberty
Only in adolescence
Explanation - Erikson extended Freud's theory by proposing psychosocial stages of development that occur throughout life, not just in childhood.
Correct answer is: Across the lifespan
Q.20 The concept of 'introversion' and 'extraversion' was emphasized by:
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Alfred Adler
Explanation - Jung introduced the concepts of introversion and extraversion as fundamental personality orientations reflecting where individuals direct their energy.
Correct answer is: Carl Jung
Q.21 Regression is most likely to occur when an individual is experiencing:
High stress or anxiety
Sublimation
Healthy coping
Achievement motivation
Explanation - Under stress, people may revert to earlier, less mature behaviors, which is the essence of regression.
Correct answer is: High stress or anxiety
Q.22 Alfred Adler emphasized that behavior is primarily motivated by:
Striving for superiority and overcoming inferiority
Unconscious sexual drives
Collective unconscious archetypes
Defense mechanisms
Explanation - Adler proposed that individuals are motivated by a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority and achieve personal growth.
Correct answer is: Striving for superiority and overcoming inferiority
Q.23 Freud’s genital stage focuses on:
Mature adult sexuality and relationships
Oral gratification
Toilet training
Dormant sexual impulses
Explanation - The genital stage (from puberty onward) represents the final stage of psychosexual development, centered on mature sexual interests and relationships.
Correct answer is: Mature adult sexuality and relationships
Q.24 Displacement as a defense mechanism involves:
Redirecting emotions to a safer target
Projecting feelings onto others
Refusing to accept reality
Regressing to an earlier stage
Explanation - Displacement allows a person to transfer feelings from an unacceptable target to a safer or more acceptable one.
Correct answer is: Redirecting emotions to a safer target
Q.25 According to Freud, the conscious mind consists of:
Thoughts we are currently aware of
Repressed memories
Archetypes
The id’s instincts
Explanation - The conscious mind contains thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that we are aware of at any given moment.
Correct answer is: Thoughts we are currently aware of